全麻诱导期家长陪同对小儿与家长心理焦虑的缓解作用
2013-08-02黄伟妮刘安林彭新明黄波彭艳梅
黄伟妮,刘安林,彭新明,黄波,彭艳梅
(广州医学院附属深圳沙井医院麻醉科,广东深圳518104)
全麻诱导期家长陪同对小儿与家长心理焦虑的缓解作用
黄伟妮,刘安林,彭新明,黄波,彭艳梅
(广州医学院附属深圳沙井医院麻醉科,广东深圳518104)
目的观察家长陪同缓解全麻诱导期小儿与家长心理焦虑的状况。方法249对患儿与家长随机分为三组各83例,对照组常规术前护理,观察组常规护理并由家长陪同,药物组常规护理并口服咪达唑仑。记录麻醉诱导前患儿与家长心理焦虑评分。结果观察组和药物组患儿的焦虑评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);药物组患儿的焦虑评分均明显低于观察组(P<0.01)。观察组家长的焦虑评分低于其他家长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论家长陪同可缓解全麻诱导期小儿与家长的心理焦虑。
家长陪同;麻醉;焦虑
儿童术前焦虑与术后不良反应相关[1],并增加术后不良行为的发生[2]。多数家长在患儿术前焦虑明显增加,这也加重患儿的心理焦虑[3]。全麻诱导期家长陪同可减轻患儿与家长术前的焦虑心理[4],现将我院2009年6月至2012年12月的实施结果报道如下:
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料选择249例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级拟全麻患儿,年龄3~9岁,排除早产儿和慢性病史者,随机分为三组各83例,对照组常规术前护理,观察组常规护理并由家长陪同,药物组常规护理并麻醉前30 min口服咪达唑仑0.5 mg/kg,记录麻醉诱导前患儿与家长的焦虑评分。药物组:男性40例,女性43例,年龄(5.2±2)岁;观察组:男性46例,女性37例,年龄(5.4± 2)岁;对照组:男性41例,女性42例,年龄(5.4±2)岁。三组患者性别、年龄和手术种类差异无统计学意义。
1.2 观察指标和评分标准记录麻醉诱导前患儿与家长的焦虑评分。小儿心理焦虑采用改良耶鲁术前焦虑评分(mYPAS)[5]。mYPAS常用于评价l岁以上儿童的焦虑状况,综合分值为21~100分,评分越高表明焦虑越明显。家长心理焦虑采用State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)[6]评估。
1.3 统计学处理数据以均数±标准差(x-±s)表示,采用SPSS10.0统计软件,组间计量资料的比较采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
药物组和观察组患儿的焦虑评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);药物组患儿的焦虑评分均明显低于观察组(P<0.05)。观察组家长的焦虑评分低于其他家长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
表1 三组患儿与家长焦虑评分的比较(分)
表1 三组患儿与家长焦虑评分的比较(分)
注:小儿:药物组vs对照组,t=4.319,P<0.05;观察组vs对照组,t= 2.100,P<0.05;药物组vs观察组,t=2.030,P<0.05。家长:药物组vs对照组,t=0.9956,P>0.05;观察组vs对照组,t=3.782,P<0.050;药物组vs观察组,t=2.6920,P<0.05。
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3 讨论
手术室是特殊医疗环境,患儿突然进入并与父母分离会产生强烈的分离焦虑,他们产生的心理影响远远超过了对手术麻醉的恐惧[7]。围术期家长心理焦虑也越来越受重视[3]。减少患儿与家长术前焦虑是手术室优质护理的重要方面。
术前使用神经安定类药物可降低患儿焦虑水平,但存在医疗费用增加、延迟苏醒和降低短时间手术周转率等问题,而且无法解决家长的焦虑问题。全麻诱导期家长陪同的优点已得到临床证实[1],本研究发现,全麻诱导期家长陪同与术前口服咪达唑仑均可降低患儿的焦虑水平,前者同时降低家长的焦虑水平,而后者无明显效果。因此全麻诱导期家长陪同更适合作为围术期优质护理的标准,可同时减少患儿与家长的心理焦虑,并提高家长对围术期护理质量的满意度。
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Parental presence relieve anxiety of children and parents during induction of general anesthesia.
HUANG Wei-ni,LIU An-lin,PENG Xin-ming,HUANG Bo,PENG Yan-mei.Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital to Guangzhou Medical University,Shenzhen 518104,Guangdong,CHINA
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of parental presence on anxiety relieve for children and their parents during induction of general anesthesia.MethodsA total of 249 pairs of children(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ)and their parents were randomly assigned to three groups:control group(group C):
standard of care;parental presence group(group B):received parental presence during induction of anesthesia;and oral midazolam(group A).Anxiety levels were recorded before anesthesia.ResultChildren in group A(P<0.01)and group B(P<0.05)exhibited significantly lower anxiety as compared with group C.Children in group A were less anxious during induction of anesthesia as compared with group B(P<0.05).Parents in group B were less anxious than others.ConclusionParental presence is effective in the reduction of preoperative anxiety.
Parental presence;Anestheisa;Nursing;Anxiety
R614.2
A
1003—6350(2013)19—2920—02
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2013.19.1217
2013-03-29)
广东省深圳市宝安区科技局立项(编号:2009424)
黄伟妮。E-mail:214458232@qq.com