标准化从石头开始

标准化从石头开始

Standardization Starting from the Stone

“没有规矩，不成方圆”。标准化以建立最佳秩序为目的，总结提炼科学、技术的综合成果，规范人类的生产生活，具有简化、统一、通用、互换等特点。

基于敬畏人类社会发展进程中标准化默默无闻的贡献，在对标准化文化建设的思考探索中，上海市标准化研究院（SIS）首次尝试以艺术的方式展示标准化的作用与意义。通过选取国内外政治、经济、社会、文化等众多领域人们耳熟能详的人物与事件，以时间为序，精心策划设计“标准化浮雕墙”。

2013年，《质量与标准化》杂志开辟“画中有话”栏目，以SIS“标准化浮雕墙”为脚本，通过12幅跃然纸面的图画，讲述12个标准化的故事，每月连载，诠释人类文明和社会进步历程中标准化的作用和意义。

这是一次理性思维与感性创作的碰撞和交融，期望此栏目成为质量与标准化工作者品味共鸣、研讨交流的园地。敬请关注！

原始社会Primitive Society劳动工具Working Tools标准化思想萌芽Embryonic Standardization Thought

——《中国旧石器时代考古》

"Against the surface of a piece of glass or flint, when striking from a right angle,a solid cone would appear.The apex or vertex of the cone would be right on the hit point.This cone is called Hertzian Cone."

——Paleolithic Archaeology of China

自1797年，在英国首次发现人类史前石制工具以来，尽管迄今仍难以找出两块形制完全相同的石器，但人们在研究各地出土石器、复原其制作方法后发现，石器是古人不自觉运用赫兹锥体原理制作的用具，并且同一个历史时期或者同一个地区的古人类，在石器制作上一般都拥有一个较为稳定的技术模式，显示出“正向加工”等一系列规范的制作方式。

Since 1797,when prehistoric stone tools was found for the first time in the United Kingdom,although so far it had still been difficult to find exactly identical stone tools,people found that stone tools had been made by primitive people with unconscious application of Hertzian Cone principle, after researching stone tools excavated from variousregionsandrecoveringtheirproduction method.What's more,primitive people in the same historical period or within a same region usually share a relatively steady pattern when making stone tools,indicating a series of standardized production modes of

同时人们还发现古人类制作石器的目的具有高度的一致性，即通过打击等手段使岩石等具备三个功能要素——刃部、尖端等直接作用要素；大小、重量等间接作用要素；装柄、保护手等必要的补充要素。恰恰是这三个要素满足了古人类加强手的功能和力量以及提高效率的要求。

Meanwhile,people also found that primitive people had a high degree of consistency in the aims of making stone tools,which were to make the rock qualified with three functional elements by striking:direct functional elements such as the cutter edge and the pointed end,indirect functional elements such as size and weight,essential supplementary elements such as mounted handle and hand protection.The above-mentioned three elements had precisely satisfied the requirements of primitive people by strengthening the hand function and strength,as well as improving efficiency.

正如李春田老师所指出的，“标准的作用是规范人们的行为，使之尽量符合客观的自然规律和技术法则，其目的是要建立起有利于社会发展的技术秩序。”毫无疑问，原始社会劳动工具的制作发展，孕育着人类最朴素的标准化思想萌芽。

As Mr.Li Chuntian said,"The role of standards is to regulate people's behavior to meet as far as possible the objective nature laws and technology principles,aiming at establishing a technical order conducive to social development."Undoubtedly, the development of the production of working tools in primitive society had gestated the embryonic standardization thought of human kind.

（支持单位：上海市标准化研究院）