谈英语的副词在句中的位置

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在中学英语教学中，要提高学生的英语水平，必须要从英语词语的掌握和理解开始，特别是英语词语的位置和运用是英语学习的基础。

英语的副词在英语句子中的运用比其他词语的运用广泛并具有一定的特殊性，它不可随意放置，应遵循一定的规律。下面笔者就谈谈英语的副词在句中的位置。

一、疑问副词

疑问副词是疑问句中用来提问的副词，如when， where， why， what， how等。疑问副词可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、方式等，放在句子的开头。例如：

Where did her brother get the information？

Why dont you help your friends with their lessons？

How do you like this book？

When will you have a meeting？

二、关系副词和连接副词

关系副词和连接副词放在所连接的从句开头。例如：

I finished my homework， then I went out for a walk.

He must be quick， otherwise he will be late.

I should like to know when the new term will begin.

That is the place where he was born.

三、一般副词

一般副词的位置大体有五种情况：

1.修饰形容词、副词时，一般放在被修饰词之前。例如：

She speaks English quiet fluently.

副词enough 总是放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后。例如：

One can never be careful enough.

2.副词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：

I like the atmosphere here.

但是quite位于名词的前面。例如：

Their English teacher is quite a character.

3.副词修饰动词时，一般有三种位置：

（1）程度副词（如 almost， nearly， rather， fairly等）和频率副词（如always， never， often， seldom等）常位于所修饰词之前。例如：

The boy nearly fell into the river.

The children are seldom ill.

Nothing ever surprised me more than this attitude of hers.

但是如果有情态动词、助动词或be动词时，就要放在这些动词和主要动词之间。例如：

Mary is always late for the meeting.

We must always remember our friends.

I have never been to London.

Post-codes are now being introduced by the post office and will soon cover the whole country.

My father can seldom find time for reading newspaper.

（2）時间副词和地点副词常位于所修饰词之后。例如：

It was hot yesterday.

They went upstairs.

但有的副词前后都可放置，意义不变。例如：

In that restaurant， meals are served very quickly.

He quickly opened the door and ran out.

有的副词，如sometime， often， soon， perhaps等，可以置于句首、句中或句尾，意思没有什么区别。例如：

Sometimes she comes late.

She sometimes comes late.

She comes late sometimes.

有些表示强度的副词（如only），可以放在句子的任何位置，但因强调的成分不同，句子的意思也大相径庭。例如：

Only he has been there two or three times.（只有他曾经去过那儿两三次。）

He has only been three two or three times.（他只是曾经去过那儿两三次。）

He has been there only two or three times.（他去过那儿只有两三次。）

第一句强调的是“只有他”；第二句强调的是“只是曾经去过”；第三句强调的是“只有两三次”。

至于very much在近代英语中，有把它直接放在谓语动词前面的趋势。例如：

Mary very much looks forward to hearing from a friend of hers who has just been out of the Seaside Sanatorium.

（3）有时为了强调，一些表示时间的副词如nowadays， yesterday， tonight， today和一些修饰整个句子的副词放在句。例如：

Tomorrow we are going to have a test in english.

4.表示地方和方向的副词一般放在句子的末尾。例如：

Jane put the coat there.

They went off.

Third-year students of our school are all here.

5.表示看法（观点）、意志的副词通常置于句首。例如：

Fortunately， he succeeded in the examination.

Intentionally， he didnt write to his parents about anything unexpected occurred recently.

但在下列情况下，应注意副词的搭配及位置：

（1）修饰状语从句时，副词总是放在从句之前。例如：

We arrived home just as it began to rain.

（2）当几个副词拥在一起时，通常的顺序是：地点副词—时间副词—方式副词—目的副词或地点副词—方式副词—时间副词—目的副词。例如：

He went to Beijing the day before yesterday by air to have a meeting.

They went to the park just now on foot.

The little boys played outdoors happily yesterday.

因此，在英语教学中，教师一定要让学生掌握副词在句子中的位置和运用。学生只有掌握了副词的位置，才能够运用自如，从而提高英语水平。