捕捉“关键词”,巧答英语四级听力题
2013-04-29张洁
摘 要:大学英语四级考试中听力部分考查学生理解口头英语的能力,检测学生语言运用的能力,以及考查学生获取信息和处理信息的能力。听力材料中包含了大量的信息。听力材料中的那些“关键词”恰恰反映了整篇听力材料的“主旨”,因此考生解答听力题就是要正确捕捉“关键词”。
关键词:大学英语四级考试;听力;关键词;地点与场景
作者简介:张洁(1983-),女,甘肃兰州人,宝鸡职业技术学院助教,研究方向:英语教学。
[中图分类号]:G633.41[文献标识码]:A
[文章编号]:1002-2139(2013)-8-0-02
大学英语四级听力考试(新题型)加大了对听力部分的考察。听力部分占据整个考试分值的35%,对于许多重读写轻听说的考生来说,这无疑是加大了难度。为了考查学生理解口头英语的能力,检测学生语言运用的能力,以及考查学生获取信息和处理信息的能力,听力材料中包含了大量的信息,那么,如何从这些纷繁复杂的信息中快速提取有价值的信息呢?这就需要特别关注听力材料中的那些“关键词”。尽管很多听力材料比较冗长,情景相对复杂,但其中的“关键词”恰恰反映了整篇听力材料的“主旨”,因此解答听力题就是要正确捕捉“关键词”。
根据听力材料中“关键词”的差异,笔者把听力题的考点简单地分成了以下三类:地点与场景题、时间与数字题、职业与身份题。本篇将通过对听力材料中“关键词”的分析,浅析一下英语四级听力考试中地点与场景题的应对策略。
Example 1:
M: Ill have the steak, French Fries, and lets see, chocolate ice-cream for dessert.
W: Oh, Oh, you know this things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?
Q: Where does this conversation most probaly take place?
A) At a clinic. B) In a supermarket.
C) At a restaurant. D) In an icecream shop.
解析:选C。对话主题是点餐,即第一个人点了一些肉类和甜食,第二个人提出用蔬菜代替肉类和甜食的建议。本题并不要求记录餐点内容,而是推理对话地点。对话中出现了steak、FrenchFries、chocolateice-cream和somevegetablesandfruit,与饭馆有关,故本题应选择C选项。
以上这个例题,是在给了一定的信息后,要求学生根据“关键词”推理对话最有可能在什么地点进行。因此,考生需要捕捉对话中的“关键词”,然后根据地点与场景题的解题策略,做出正确的判断。
以下,笔者将英语四级听力考试中常常出现的以地点为主题的词群进行归纳,以帮助考生更加迅速,更加准确地做出选择:
1) Library
liabrarian periodical borrow magazine lend journal check out current issue back issue renew bound volume index lirary card readers card borrowers card reference book dictionary
2) School
campus dorm department gym tuition credit thesis
hour course group discussion seminar term paper graduation extension final exam freshman sophomore junior senior program BA/BS MA/MS Ph.D MBA semester lab
3) Hospital
clinic medicine pill tablet heart attack dizzy
faint surgeon physician dentistoperation examine stomachache visiting hours high blood pressure
4) Hotel
make a reservation reception desk receptionist register fee
single room double room fill out a form porter VAT
bathroom Room Service accomodation hot water fiil up
check in check out air-conditioner
5) Restaurant
menu order waiter waitress hamburger pay the bill shrimp pudding apple pie tray fork knife spoon steak fried rice Its my treat.
6) Bank
open an account deposit bankbook saving account ATM demand note interest rate draw/withdraw money
7) Post Office
mail/send/post a letter postage airmail register letter stamp postal clerk parcel overweight remittance cable
8) Telephone Office
operator put through leave a massage The connaction is bad. have a telephone installed
9) Airport
flight departure take off passport land passenger left-luggage office see sb. off
10) Airplane
jet air-hostess air-stewardess fasten your seat-belt parachute captain pilote emergency turbulence
11) Office
boss job applicant candidate interview type a letter credentials experience vacation resume qualification import export reputation income vacancy sales representative ability salary post/position get a raise
12) Customs House
Do you have anything to declare? allowance overweight fine visa passport luggage
13) Court
judge My Lord Your Honor lawyer jury
witness
14) Taxi
urgent drivers license accident road sign intersaction
miles per hour in good mechanical traffic lights heavy traffic
downtown area exceed the speed limit
15) House to Let
landlord landlady rent apartment lease radiator furnished unfurnished utilities blackout
以上列举了15组重要对话语境下的系列相关词,考生要把它们视作是词汇中的重点,应引起特别的注意。在记忆这些“关键词”的过程当中,考生应以“地点场景——人物关系——相关词”的顺序依次进行专门记忆。这样可以充分提高语境意识和反应能力,达到一步推理到位的效果。
Example 2:
M: How many hours are you taking this semester?
W: Eighteen, plus two at the lab.
Q: Where does this conversation most probaly take place?
A) At an office. B) In a university.
C) At a supermarket. D) In a restaurant.
解析:选B。对话主题是选课,即第一个人所问到的“每学期选多少课时的课”,第二个人给出了具体的数字。本题并不是要求做加减运算,而是推理对话发生的地点。对话中出现了hour,semester和lab这三个词语,归属于上述分类的第二组词群,与学校内容相关,故选B。
当然,以上总结并非面面俱到,做题时可能还会遇到其他的对话场景,例如电影院、商店、洗衣店等。这些具体情况需要考生具体分析,及时进行归纳总结,熟悉了这些关键词后,就可以迅速、有效地解答英语四级听力中的地点场景题了。
参考文献:
1、郝向利,腾京.大学英语综合训练教程[M].中国出版集团现代教育出版社2010:21-39