CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的Meta分析
2013-03-02顾莉徐海江王黎媛滕婷婷张冬
顾莉 徐海江 王黎媛 滕婷婷 张冬
·文献计量学专栏·
CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的Meta分析
顾莉 徐海江 王黎媛 滕婷婷 张冬*
目的探讨Ⅰ相代谢酶细胞色素P450 1A1(CYP1A1)T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的关系。方法检索PubMed、EMBASE、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)已发表的关于CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的相关研究,筛选出符合条件的文献,应用Meta分析软件对各项研究进行异质性检验,计算合并OR值及其95%可信区间(CI),并行敏感度分析和发表偏倚的评估。结果共16篇文献纳入本研究(病例组数2 754例;对照组数2 807例)。Meta分析结果显示:CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤有明显易感性(CC versus TT:OR=3.216,95%CI 2.388~4.331;CC versus CT/TT:OR=2.496,95%CI 1.994~3.124;CC versus CT:OR=1.993,95%CI 1.476~2.692;CC/CT versus TT:OR=1.573,95%CI 1.230~2.013)。根据种族进行分层分析发现亚洲人群有明显易感性。结论CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性间存在明显易感性。(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2013,13:311-314)
细胞色素P450 1A1;基因多态性;肿瘤,头颈;Meta分析
头颈恶性肿瘤是世界上第6位常见的恶性肿瘤,主要包括口腔癌、鼻咽癌、喉癌等[1]。头颈恶性肿瘤发生、发展是多因素、多步骤的过程,80%~90%头颈恶性肿瘤是由于长期吸烟和酗酒所致,还有一些生物因素如人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染。但是,一些非吸烟和(或)非酗酒的人也可能发生头颈恶性肿瘤,意味着人群易感基因可致肿瘤的发生、发展。
细胞色素P450 1A1(Cytochrome P450 1A1,CYP1A1)是CYP1家族中的一种,主要参与外源性和内源性化合物的代谢,尤其是催化多环芳烃类致癌物。该酶的催化活性有明显的个体差异,是影响肿瘤易感性的原因之一[2]。目前关于CYP1A1的主要研究有4个多态性位点,其中T6235C限制性内切酶酶切位点位于3′端非编码区T→C突变,T6235C位点多态性是头颈恶性肿瘤的独立性危险因素[3]。第2个位点位于外显子7第2455碱基上的A→G突变,导致异亮氨酸突变为缬氨酸[4]。第3个多态性位于外显子7第2453碱基位置上C→A突变,导致苏氨酸向天冬酰胺突变[5]。第4个为CYPlAl*3(rs4986883),也位于CYPIAI基因3′端非翻译区,见于非洲人和美裔非洲人[6]。目前,有许多研究[7-22]关于CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性,但结果仍具有争论性。如Cury等[7]在研究基因多态性时发现CYP1A1 T6235C与头颈恶性肿瘤无明显易感性,而Sam等[13]研究发现携带突变的等位基因的印度人群有明显增加患头颈恶性肿瘤的风险。因此,我们通过Meta分析验证CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的关系。
1 资料与方法
1.1 文献纳入及排除标准 ①CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的论著文章;②关于人类头颈恶性肿瘤病例对照研究;③可获得等位基因和(或)基因型频率来评估OR值及95%CI;④符合哈迪-温伯格遗传平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,H-W平衡)定律;⑤相同研究重复发表纳入最近文章或样本量最多。
排除标准:①综述或评论类文章;②具有家族血缘关系的肿瘤;③仅有病例组或化疗药物及放疗干预的研究。
1.2 检索方法 以“CYP1A1”或“Cytochrome P450 1A1”、“polymorphism”、“head and neck cancer”或“oral cancer”或“pharyngeal cancer”或“laryngeal cancer”或“oropharyngeal cancer”或“nasopharyngeal cancer”或“细胞色素P450 1A1”或“Ⅰ相代谢酶细胞色素P450”、“基因多态性”、“头颈部肿瘤”、“口腔癌”、“鼻咽癌”或“喉癌”为检索词,组合关键词应用计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、CBM、CNKI等数据库,通过参考文献回溯法获取更多相关文献。所有检索更新至2012年12月20日。
1.3 资料提取 2名研究者按照纳入和排除标准独立地提取数据并最终达成共识。资料提取包括:第一作者姓名、发表年份、参与者所在国家、种族、病例组和对照组例数及H-W平衡。种族可分为亚洲人群和高加索人群。
1.4 统计学处理 采用STATA11.0(Stata Corp LP,College Station,TX,USA)软件进行统计分析,基因型或单体型在病例组和对照组分布的比较用OR表示,各研究之间异质性差异判定用卡方检验。纳入的研究进行异质性检验,当P<0.10时,有明显的异质性,则用随机效应模型,否则用固定效应模型[23-24]。结果用OR值和95%CI表示,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。统计检验用双侧检验,异质性检验水准定为P<0.10,其他检验水准定为P<0.05。通过漏斗图和Egger检验评估潜在发表性偏倚,当P<0.05时提示有潜在的发表偏倚[25]。
2 结果
2.1 文献检索结果 共有16篇文献符合本研究纳入标准。纳入研究均符合H-W平衡定律(其中有6篇文献不能提供各对照组基因型频率来计算H-W平衡),各研究的基本情况如表1所示。2.2 Meta分析的结果 CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性的关系及异质性检验如表2所示。总体而言,CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤有明显易感性,根据种族进行分层分析发现亚洲人群有明显易感性。异质性检验可用检验统计量Q来表示,符合ν=k-1的卡方分布。通过对隐性模型(CC versus CT/TT)的异质性检验分析:总体情况(χ2=10.91,ν=10,P=0.364)表示无明显异质性。按种族分层分析(χ2=4.50,ν=1,P=0.034)提示有明显异质性。
表1 CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性关系的病例对照研究基本情况
表2 CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性关系的Meta分析
通过逐一剔除各个研究,合并的OR值在整个人群和以种族进行分层分析中并未受到明显的影响(未提供具体数据),可信度大。
评估发表偏倚主要是通过漏斗图(图1)和Egger检验。隐形模型漏斗图在所有研究人群中显示基本对称,Egger检验的结果也显示无明显发表偏倚(P= 0.273)。
图1. CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈部肿瘤的漏斗图(CC versus CT/TT)
3 讨论
目前研究结果显示:总体而言,携带C等位基因的人群有明显增加患头颈恶性肿瘤的风险,结果与Zhou等[26]定量评估口腔癌是一致的。根据种族进行分层分析发现,亚洲人群携带C等位基因易患头颈恶性肿瘤,在高加索人群未发现有易感性,这种不一致很可能是由于各种族的遗传背景不一样而致。吸烟和酗酒是头颈恶性肿瘤重要的环境危险因素,流行病学研究发现吸烟、酗酒和遗传易感性相互作用明显增加患头颈恶性肿瘤的风险[27]。
CYP1A1基因位于常染色体15q22-24上,编码催化多环芳烃类致癌物的羟化酶。在人体内多环芳烃类物质被CYP1A1羟化酶激活为致癌物,CYP1A1功能失调将导致DNA损伤,脂质和蛋白质代谢紊乱,因此可提高患肿瘤的风险[28]。很多流行病学通过Meta分析也证实CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性可提高患口腔癌、急性淋巴细胞白血病、宫颈癌、肺癌等的风险[27,29-31],说明CYP1A1在相关肿瘤发生、发展中起至关重要的作用,可为相关肿瘤早期筛查提供新的标志物。此外,也可作为肿瘤治疗的目标靶基因。
然而,此Meta分析仍然有一定的局限性。第一,纳入的文献中有6篇文章不能提供对照组各基因型的频率去计算H-W平衡。第二,没有根据性别、年龄、饮食、生活方式、对照组来源、环境因素及基因与基因间相互作用等进一步分层分析。第三,高加索人群研究的样本量较少,应进一步进行大样本资料来研究此关联性。第四,缺乏非洲国家的研究。第五,仅已发表的文章纳入本次研究,尽管使用漏斗图和Egger检验,但也许发表偏倚已发生。
总之,根据Meta分析,亚洲人群中CYP1A1 T6235C基因多态性与头颈恶性肿瘤易感性间存在明显易感性,携带CC基因型明显提高患头颈恶性恶性肿瘤的风险。
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Meta-analysis on CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism and head and neck cancer susceptibility
GU Li,XUHai-jiang,WANG Li-yuan,TENG Ting-ting,ZHANG Dong. Department of Otorhinolaryngology,Hospital of Guanyun,Lianyungang 222200,China
ZHANG Dong,Email:zhangd123456@sina.com
Objective To investigate the association between polymorphism of CYP1A1 T6235C and susceptibility of head and neck cancer.Methods Studies on CYP1A1 T6235C and susceptibility of head and neck cancer were collected by PubMed,EMBASE,CBM and CNKI,et al.The pools ORs with 95%CIwere calculated to assess the association strength between polymorphism of CYP1A1 T6235C and head and neck cancer risk using Meta methods.Sensitivity and publication biaswere evaluated.Results Sixty studieswith 2754 cases and 2807 controlswere included.The pooled results indicated that the significantassociation of this polymorphism with head and neck cancerwas found(ORCCvs.TT=3.216,95%CI2.388~4.331;ORCCvs.CT/TT=2.496,95%CI 1.994~3.124;ORCCvs.CT=1.993,95%CI 1.476~2.692;ORCC/CTvs.TT=1.573,95%CI 1.230~2.013).A significant association was observed in subgroup analysis based on ethnicity,especially in Asian group.Conclusions There was a significant association between CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism and head and neck cancer susceptibility.(Chin J Ophthalmol and Otorhinolaryngol,2013,13:311-314)
CYP1A1;Polymorphism;Cancer,head and neck;Meta analysis
2012-12-23)
(本文编辑 杨美琴)
江苏省连云港市灌云县人民医院耳鼻喉头颈外科 连云港 222200;*南京医科大学研究生院 南京 210029
张冬(Email:zhangd123456@sina.com)
顾莉、王黎媛为共同第一作者