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硬毛地笋化学成分研究

2013-02-14张前军康文艺

天然产物研究与开发 2013年6期
关键词:石油醚硅胶白色

彭 涛,王 微,张前军,康文艺*

1河南大学中药研究所,开封475004;2贵州大学化学化工学院,贵阳550025

硬毛地笋(Lycopus lucidus var.Hirtus)为唇形科地笋属多年生草本植物,又名硬毛地瓜儿苗,广泛分布于我国大部分地区。地笋属全世界约有14 种,广布于东半球温带及北美,我国产4 种4 变种(地笋、硬毛地笋、异叶地笋、小叶地笋、西南小叶地笋、欧地笋、深裂欧地笋和小花地笋)。其味甘、辛、性平,全草入药,是用于活血化瘀的传统草药,根茎可食。它也可用于妇女闭经,痛经,产后瘀滞腹痛,身面浮肿等的治疗[1,2]。

作者持续对硬毛地笋进行系统性的研究[3,4],从硬毛地笋甲醇提取物中分离鉴定了9 个化合物。其中,化合物4,7 和9 为首次从该科植物中分离得到,1~9 为首次从该植物中分离得到。

1 材料

旋转蒸发仪(日本东京理化);Bruker Am-400超导核磁共振仪;HPMS5973 质谱仪(美国HP 公司);中压制备柱色谱(上海利穗科技有限公司);X-4 数字显示显微熔点测定仪(温度未校正,北京泰克仪器有限公司);GF254硅胶板(烟台汇友硅胶开发有限公司);200~300 目硅胶及硅胶H(青岛海洋化工厂出品);Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Pharmacia 公司);ODS(日本Daiso 公司);RP-18(德国Merck 公司)。柱色谱用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和丙酮等试剂均为分析纯。

硬毛地笋于2010 年7 月采集于湖北大别山地区,经河南大学药学院中药研究所生药教研室李昌勤鉴定为唇形科地笋属植物硬毛地笋Lycopus lucidus var.hirtus Regel,标本存放于河南大学中药研究所。

2 提取和分离

硬毛地笋全草阴干粉碎(18 kg),室温下甲醇下冷浸提取3 次,每次3 d。减压回收甲醇,得甲醇提取物1370 g。将提取物混悬于水后,依次用石油醚、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,减压回收溶剂,得石油醚部位、醋酸乙酯部位和正丁醇部位。石油醚部位(200 g)硅胶(200~300 目)常压柱色谱,石油醚:醋酸乙酯(100∶0~0∶100)梯度洗脱,以TLC 检测合并。各部分再经过反复硅胶H,Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱和中压制备柱色谱分离得到化合物1 (8 mg),2(11 mg),3(20 g),4(15 mg),5(9 mg),6(30 mg)。醋酸乙酯部位(110 g)硅胶(200~300 目)常压柱色谱。氯仿:丙酮(100∶1~7∶3)梯度洗脱,以TLC 检测合并。各部分再经过反复硅胶H,Sephadex LH-20 柱色谱和中压制备柱色谱分离得到化合物7(7 mg),8(14 mg)和9(45 mg),

3 结构鉴定

化合物1 紫红色片晶(石油醚);mp:176~178 ℃;EI-MS m/z:536 [M]+,444,430,397,378,333,281,268,209,195,173,159,145,132,119,105,91,69,56,43。与β-胡萝卜素标准品在三种不同溶剂系统中Rf值及斑点颜色一致,相互混合熔点不下降,故鉴定为β-胡萝卜素。

化合物2 淡黄色针晶(石油醚-醋酸乙酯);mp:324~326 ℃;EI-MS m/z:272 [M]+,161,178,133.1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:8.01 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-5),7.48 (1H,br s,H-2'),7.45 (1H,d,J=8.6 Hz,H-6'),6.96 (1H,br d,J=8.6 Hz,H-5'),6.58 (1H,br s,H-6),6.39 (1H,br s,H-8);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:180.4 (C = O),165.7(C-2),103.8(C-3),127.8(C-5),114.2(C-6),165.3(C-7),105.2(C-8),157.8(C-9),116.6(C-10),124.1 (C-1'),116.5 (C-2'),147.2 (C-3'),151.0(C-4'),116.9(C-5'),120.2(C-6')。以上数据与文献[5]报道基本一致,故鉴定为7,3',4'-三羟基黄酮。

化合物3 白色片晶(石油醚-醋酸乙酯);mp:137~138 ℃;EI-MS m/z:414[M]+,396,381,329,303,255,213,145,55。与文献报道的β-谷甾醇EIMS 一致[6],与β-谷甾醇标准品在三种不同溶剂系统中Rf值及斑点颜色一致,相互混合熔点不下降,故鉴定为β-谷甾醇。

化合物4 黄色粉末(氯仿-丙酮);mp:234~236 ℃;EI-MS m/z:330[M]+,301,287;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:7.75(1H,d,J = 2.4 Hz,H-2'),7.66(1H,dd,J=2.4,9.0 Hz,H-6'),6.96(1H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-5'),6.86(1H,d,J =2.2 Hz,H-8),6.33 (1H,d,J = 1.5 Hz,H-6),3.96(3H,s,7-OCH3),3.87(3H,s,3-OCH3);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:56.0(7-OCH3),59.6(3-OCH3),155.9(C-2),137.8(C-3),177.9(C-4),156.2(C-5),97.6(C-6),165.0(C-7),92.1(C-8),160.9(C-9),105.1(C-10),120.6(C-1'),115.4(C-2'),145.3(C-3'),149.0(C-4'),115.6(C-5'),120.4(C-6')。以上数据与文献[7]报道基本一致,故鉴定为3',4',5-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮。

化合物5 白色针晶(石油醚-醋酸乙酯);mp:154~156 ℃;EI-MS m/z:426[M]+;1H NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.13(1 H,t,J = 3.5 Hz ,H-12),4.78(1H,br s,H-30b),3.23 (1H,dd ,J =5.0,10.5 Hz ,H-3),0.91(3H,d,J = 6.0 Hz),0.86(3H,d,J =6.0Hz),1.33,1.28,1.20,1.11,1.06,1.03(each 3H,s,6 × CH3);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:38.7(C-1),27.2(C-2),79.0(C-3),38.7(C-4),55.1(C-5),18.3(C-6),32.9(C-7),39.9(C-8),47.7(C-9),36.9(C-10),23.3(C-11),124.4(C-12),139.5(C-13),42.1(C-14),28.7(C-15),26.6(C-16),33.7(C-17),59.0(C-18),39.6(C-19),39.6(C-20),31.2(C-21),41.5(C-22),28.1(C-23), 15.7(C-24),15.6(C-25),16.9(C-26),23.2(C-27),29.7(C-28),17.5(C-29),21.3(C-30)。以上数据与文献[8]报道基本一致,故鉴定为α-香树脂醇。

化合物6 白色针晶(石油醚-醋酸乙酯);mp:197~199 ℃;EI-MS m/z:426[M]+,411,218,203,189;1H NMR (CDCl3,400 MHz)δ:5.18(1H,t,J =4.8Hz,H-12),3.22(1H,t ,J = 6.9 Hz,H-3),1.13(3H,s,H-27),1.07(3H,s,H-23),1.00(3H,s,H-25),0.97(3H,s,H-24),0.94(3H,s,H-29),0.87(3H,s,H-30),0.83(3H,s,H-28),0.79 (3H,s,H-26);13C NMR (CDCl3,100 MHz)δ:38.2(C-1),28.3(C-2),78.6(C-3),38.6(C-4),51.1(C-5),19.2(C-6),31.3(C-7),39.8(C-8),46.7(C-9),38.5(C-10),24.8(C-11),123.6(C-12),141.7(C-13),43.6(C-14),28.3(C-15),28.0(C-16),32.3(C-17),37.0(C-18),36.5(C-19),32.2(C-20),35.7(C-21),36.2(C-22),27.1(C-23),16.5(C-24),16.5(C-25),17.7(C-26),28.9(C-27),28.7(C-28),33.4(C-29),24.6(C-30)。以上数据与文献[9]报道基本一致,故鉴定为β-香树脂醇。

化合物7 白色粉末(氯仿-甲醇);mp:276~278 ℃;EI-MS m/z:442 [M]+,436,426,408,393,300,248,223,203,189,175,133;1H NMR (Pyridined5,400 MHz)δ:5.12(1H,m,H-12),3.83(1H,d,J=10.91 Hz,H-24),3.17(1H,br d,J =9.76 Hz,H-24),2.11(1H,d,J =11.20 Hz,H-18),1.46(H,br s,Ha-3),1.24(H,br s,Hb-3),1.06(3H,s,H-27),10.4(3H,s,H-23),1.03(3H,s,H-26),0.86(3H,d,J = 5.37 Hz,H-30),0.81(3H,d,J = 6.30 Hz,H-29),0.72(3H,s,H-25);13C NMR (Pyridine-d5,100 MHz)δ:39.1(C-1),27.9(C-2),39.5(C-3),43.1(C-4),48.7(C-5),18.7(C-6),33.4(C-7),40.1(C-8),48.2(C-9),37.3(C-10),23.8(C-11),125.8(C-12),139.5(C-13),42.6(C-14),28.9(C-15),25.1(C-16),48.4(C-17),53.9(C-18),39.4(C-19),39.6(C-20),31.8(C-21),37.5(C-22),14.3(C-23),68.7(C-24),16.7(C-25),17.3(C-26)24.9(C-27),181.3(C-28),17.1(C-29),21.5(C-30)。综合各数据及与文献[10]对比鉴定化合物为24-羟基-乌苏-12-烯-28-酸。

化合物8 白色无定形粉末(氯仿-甲醇);mp:297~299 ℃;与β-胡萝卜苷标准品在三种不同溶剂系统中Rf值及斑点颜色一致,相互混合熔点不下降,故鉴定为β-胡萝卜苷。

化合物9 白色粉末(氯仿-甲醇);mp:317~319 ℃;EI-MS m/z:576 [M]+,526,481,414,396,382,329,303,288,275,255,231,199,159,145,105,83,57,43;1H NMR (Pyridine-d5,400 MHz)δ:6.47(1H,br s,-OH),5.35(1H,s,H-7),5.22(1H,dd,J=11.6 Hz,H-22),5.09(1H,dd,J =10.8,11.6 Hz,H-23),4.60(1H,dd,J = 2.0,2.4 Hz,Glc-H-1),4.43(1H,dd,J=7.2,6.8 Hz,Glc-H-5),4.34~4.26(2H,m,Glc-H-6),4.07(1H,t,J =12.0 Hz,Glc-H-4),3.96-3.92(2H,m,Glc-H-2,3),2.76(1H,dd,J =3.6,4.0 Hz,H-3),2.48(1H,t,J =15.6 Hz,H-21 or 24),2.13(1H,b d,J =13.2 Hz,H-14),2.00-1.07(18H,m,H-1~26),1.01(3H,s,H-20),0.95(3H,s,H-27),0.91(3H,s,H-28),0.88(3H,s,H-19),0.67(3H,s,H-18);13C NMR (Pyridine-d5,100 MHz)δ:40.3(C-1),39.7(C-2),72.0(C-3),37.3(C-4),50.7(C-5),63.2(C-6),122.3(C-7),141.2(C-8),46.4(C-9),42.8(C-10),30.6(C-11),41.1(C-12),36.7(C-13),51.8(C-14),34.6(C-15),32.6(C-16),56.4(C-17),26.7(C-18),24.9(C-19),20.3(C-20),33.0(C-21),129.8(C-22),139.2(C-23),37.8(C-24),28.9(C-25),23.7(C-26),21.7(C-27),19.4(C-28),102.9(C-1'),78.9(C-5'),78.8(C-3'),78.4(C-2'),75.7(C-4'),57.2(C-6')。综合各数据及与文献[11,12]对比鉴定化合物为24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-6α-醇-3β-O-葡萄糖苷。

1 Editorial Committee of Flora of China.Flora of China(中国植物志).Beijing:Science Press,1995,66:274-278.

2 Editorial Committee of Chinese Herb(中华本草).第七册十九.Shanghai:Science Press,1999,19:6091-6095.

3 Peng T(彭涛),Yin ZH(尹震花),Kang WY(康文艺),et al.Analysis of fat-soluble components in Lycopus lucidus by GC-MS.Chin J Experimental Tradit Med Formulae(中国实验方剂学杂志),2011,17:100-102.

4 Peng T(彭涛),Wang JM(王金梅),Zhang QJ(张前军),et al. Volatile oils constituents of Lycopus lucidus var. hirtus.Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发),2012,24:342-344.

5 Frederique Van Acker AA,Hageman Jos A,Haenen Guidor MM et al. Synthesis of novel 3,7-substituted-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)flavones with improved antioxidant activity.J Med Chem,2000,43:3752-3760.

6 Cong PZ(丛浦珠),Li SY(李笋玉).Natural Organic Mass Spectral.Beijing:Chinses Medical Science Publishing Press,2003.1136.

7 Li Q(李钦),Shen YM(沈月毛),Li P(李萍). Study on flavanoids in the leaves of Premnaszem aoensis Pei. Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志),2008,43:417-419.

8 Li WW(李薇薇),Shi MH(史海明),Wang MY(王梦月),et al.Chemical constituents of Viburnum erosum var.erosum and Viburnum odoratissimum var.awabuki.Chin Pharm J(中国药学杂志),2011,46:1234-1237.

9 Li CK(李传宽),Zhang QJ(张前军),Huang ZB(黄钟碧),et al. Chemical constituents of Desmodium sambuense.China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志),2010,35:2420-2423.

10 Hou WL,Li YF,Zhang Q,et al. Triterpene acids isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves as α-Glucosidase inhibitors.Phytotherapy Reseach,2009,23:614-618.

11 Madaio A,Piccialli V,Sica D,et al. New polyhydroxysterols from the dictyoceratid sponges Hippospongia Communis,Spongia Officinalis,Ircinia Variabilis,and Spongionella Gracilis.J Nat Prod,1989,52:952-961.

12 Yoshihisa Takaishi,Minoru Uda,Takashi Ohashi,et al. Glycosides of ergosterol derivatives from Hericum Erinacens.Phytochemistry,1991,30:4117-4120.

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