胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤21例临床及病理分析
2012-11-06周杭城陈炯翁海燕武文胡立威杨仁保陈龙江
周杭城 陈炯 翁海燕 武文 胡立威 杨仁保 陈龙江
·论著·
胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤21例临床及病理分析
周杭城 陈炯 翁海燕 武文 胡立威 杨仁保 陈龙江
目的探讨胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤(SCAP)的临床与病理特点。方法回顾性分析21例SCAP患者的临床及病理资料。结果21例SCAP患者的平均年龄为61岁,男∶女为1∶1.33,18例(85.7%)有腹痛、腹胀、腹部包块、消瘦等症状,3例(14.3%)为体检发现。肿瘤位于胰头部9例,胰体尾部12例。临床表现均为胰腺囊性占位。21例患者均行手术治疗。病理检查见囊壁完整,内衬扁平或立方上皮细胞,胞质透亮,核圆形或卵圆形,大小一致,无明显核异型和核分裂象,病理诊断为微囊型15例、寡囊型6例。免疫组化显示肿瘤细胞EMA、CK7、CK19均阳性,碘酸-雪夫(PAS)染色亦阳性,Ki-67阳性表达率在1%~3%之间。19例经3个月到 7年不等的随访未发现复发及转移。结论SCAP好发于老年女性,多数患者有临床症状。SCAP多位于胰体尾部,表现为胰腺导管上皮分化特征。患者预后良好。
胰腺; 囊腺瘤,浆液; 回顾性研究; 肿瘤,囊腺
胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤(serous cystadenoma of the pancreas,SCAP)属于少见的胰腺囊性肿瘤,占所有胰腺外分泌腺肿瘤的1%~2%[1]。SCAP的生物学行为均为良性[2],手术切除预后良好。本研究分析21例SCAP患者的临床及病理资料,以期提高对该病的认识。
材料与方法
一、对象
收集2000年1月至2012年1月安徽省立医院普外科收治的21例SCAP患者, 其中女性12例, 男性9例,男∶女为1∶1.33,年龄22~79岁,平均年龄61岁。
二、方法
观察所切除肿瘤的大体形态,并常规行组织学检查。按胰腺肿瘤组织学标准分型[2-3],其中浆液性微囊性腺瘤(serous microcystic adenoma,SMA)15例(71.4%),浆液性寡囊性腺瘤(serous oligocystic adenoma,SOA)6例(28.6%)。采用Envision两步免疫组化染色法检测肿瘤组织EMA、CK7、CK19、CEA、Vim、CD10、CA19-9、Syn、CgA、Ki-67的表达,所有抗体均购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。Ki-67增殖指数选取5个200倍镜视野,各计数100个肿瘤细胞,计算阳性细胞百分数。
结 果
一、临床资料
18例患者有不同程度的腹痛、腹胀、腹部包块、消瘦等临床症状;3例无症状,系健康体检时由影像学检查发现。所有患者均行手术治疗。肿瘤位于胰头部9例(42.9%),行胰十二指肠切除术3例,保留十二指肠的胰头切除术6例;肿瘤位于胰体尾部12例(57.1%),行肿瘤切除术4例,胰体尾切除术5例,胰体尾加脾切除术3例。出院后2例失访,19例随访3个月至7年不等,均未发现肿瘤复发或转移。
二、肿瘤大体形态
21例SCAP均是单发瘤体,最大径1.5~18 cm,与周围胰腺组织有清晰的分界。SMA由很多微小的薄壁囊组成,切面呈蜂窝状或海绵状,囊腔直径0.05~0.5 cm,囊内充满澄清的水样液体。SOA瘤体与周围胰腺组织分界亦明显,但部分肿瘤组织可呈膨胀性生长至邻近胰腺组织中,切面见单个或数个相对较大的薄壁囊,囊腔直径1~3 cm,囊内充满清亮或棕色的水样液体。
三、肿瘤病理学改变
低倍镜下见SCAP由多寡不一的囊腔组成,呈海绵状,囊内含蛋白性液体。囊壁内衬无异型性的单层扁平上皮细胞或单层立方上皮细胞,胞质透亮,细胞核居中,呈圆形、卵圆形,大小一致,核仁不明显,无核分裂征象(图1a)。偶尔见肿瘤细胞呈乳头状突起,但缺乏纤维血管轴心。瘤体中央的星形纤维瘢痕为透明变性组织。此外,SOA镜下可见少量延伸至周围胰腺组织的囊腔,间质血管也较SMA丰富,局部出血明显伴含铁血黄素沉积(图1b)。
四、肿瘤组织EMA、CK7、CK19、CEA、Vim、CD10、CA19-9、Syn、CgA、Ki-67的表达
21例SCAP的碘酸-雪夫(PAS)染色均阳性表达,定位于肿瘤细胞胞质内,经淀粉酶消化后PAS染色转为阴性,证实肿瘤细胞胞质内富含糖原颗粒。21例SCAP均表达EMA、CK7(图1c)、CK19,1例表达CA19-9(图1d);CEA、Vim、CD10、Syn、CgA表达均阴性;Ki-67阳性表达率在1%~3%之间。
图1SCAP的病理改变(HE a:×200;b:×400)及CK7、CA19-9(免疫组化 c、d:×400)表达
讨 论
SCAP是一种由富含糖原的导管性上皮细胞构成,并且能产生类似血清样水样液体的囊性肿瘤[2-3],占所有胰腺囊性肿瘤的20%~25%[4-6]。通常分为SMA和SOA两型,但也有报道称SCAP还有一种实性亚型(实性浆液性囊腺瘤)[7-8]。免疫标记证实SCAP瘤细胞具有胰腺导管上皮分化特征而归属于胰腺外分泌部良性肿瘤。SCAP好发于老年人,女性多见,临床多有腹胀、腹痛、恶心呕吐、腹部包块等表现;肿瘤多位于胰体尾部;患者预后良好,复发及转移均罕见[2-4,9]。本研究的21例SCAP患者中3例(14.3%)为体检发现,无明显临床症状。SOA则少有特异表现,不易与其他胰腺非肿瘤性囊肿、囊性肿瘤、肿瘤继发囊性变等鉴别。
SMA是构成SCAP的主体。眼观由大小不等的小囊腔密集排列构成蜂窝状或海绵状结构,剖面下瘤体中央可见星状纤维瘢痕。SMA的的CT 表现较为特异,即蜂窝状囊性肿块、边界清晰、中央瘢痕钙化。SOA仅占SCAP的7%~10%[4,6,9],镜下见肿瘤由单个或数个较大的囊腔组成,病变中央无星状纤维瘢痕,肿瘤包膜不完整,故可延伸至邻近胰腺组织中。虽然SMA和SOA大体形态有差异,但两者具有相同的组织学形态,即肿瘤囊壁衬覆的均为单层扁平上皮或立方上皮细胞,胞质均为透明,均无核分裂和核多形性。免疫组化显示,SCAP细胞PAS染色均为阳性,EMA、CK7 、CK19也均阳性表达。但Ki-67阳性率低于3%,说明SCAP具较低的增殖活性,当属良性肿瘤范畴。
SCAP需与下列疾病鉴别:(1)胰腺囊肿:真性囊肿通常为先天性,常伴其他脏器如肝、肾囊肿。假性囊肿主要继发于胰腺炎、胰腺外伤后,囊壁较厚且无内衬上皮。(2)胰腺黏液性囊性肿瘤(MCNP):MCNP患者多为女性,病变常为多房性(囊直径至数厘米之间),被覆高柱状黏液上皮,细胞内可有丰富的黏液,半数患者上皮内可见散在神经内分泌细胞,上皮周围可见特征性卵巢样基质,囊腔与胰腺导管不相通[5-6]。术前MRI或内镜超声引导下细针穿刺活检对SCAP的诊断及鉴别有一定辅助价值[10-13]。(3)胰腺导管内乳头状肿瘤:病灶常位于胰头,累及主胰管或分支胰管,常伴近端胰管扩张,被覆黏液上皮呈乳头状生长,细胞常为非典型性,常与侵袭性癌相关。(4)胰腺实性-假乳头状肿瘤:好发于中青年女性。镜下见肿瘤呈实性、假乳头状、囊性生长,实性区细胞为大小一致的多边形细胞,细胞质透明或嗜酸性,胞质内无糖原及黏液,细胞可围绕血管呈花环状排列。影像学检查多可见囊内有实性区域。(5)胰腺内分泌肿瘤囊性变:胰腺内分泌肿瘤中约有10%~20%会出现囊性变,多伴有内分泌肿瘤的临床症状。免疫组化显示Syn、CgA等相应的内分泌标记物呈阳性表达。(6)胰腺导管腺癌伴囊性变:影像学提示病变外形不规则,密度不均一,病变内常有实性区;组织学上以腺管状结构为主,局部或广泛区域可呈乳头状,细胞质少或中等,细胞内黏液少见,细胞具有中到重度异型性,核分裂象和坏死常见。(7)胰腺淋巴上皮囊肿:病变单房或多房,囊内常充满角质碎片,囊内壁被覆成熟的角化鳞状上皮,偶可见立方或异形上皮区域,无皮肤附属器,囊壁周围有致密成熟的淋巴样组织,常可见生发中心。(8)胰腺淋巴管瘤:典型的胰腺淋巴管瘤影像学检查可见囊性改变,但病变中央没有纤维性间隔,肉眼观察也无SCAP典型的星形放射状瘢痕;免疫组化提示CD31、FⅧ阳性。(9)胰腺浆液性囊腺癌:其平均发病年龄(68岁)略大于SCAP患者,女性患者多见;肿瘤平均直径10 cm,可呈微囊型,细胞质透明,可见局部浸润或血管侵袭,几乎均有远处器官转移或淋巴结转移[2-3,14]。因其组织形态学特征及免疫组化表达谱与SCAP有相似性,故有时难于鉴别。
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Serouscystadenomaofthepancreas:clinicopathologicanalysisin21cases
ZHOUHang-cheng,CHENJiong,WENGHai-yan,WUWen,HULi-wei,YANGRen-bao,CHENLong-jiang.
DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,AffiliatedProvincialHospital,AnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei230001,China
CHENJiong,Email:ch_jiong@126.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinicopathological features of patients with serous cystadenomas of the pancreas (SCAP).MethodsThe clinical and pathological features of 21 cases of SCAP were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of the 21 cases was 61 years old, male: female ratio was 1∶1.33, 18(85.7%) patients presented with abdominal pain, bloating, abdominal mass, weight loss, and 3(14.3%) patients were found during check-up. The tumors were located in pancreatic head in 9 patients, in pancreatic body and tail in 12 patients. The clinical manifestations were pancreatic cystic lesions. All patients underwent surgery. Histologically, the cyst wall was complete and lined with flat or cuboidal epithelium, cytoplasm was translucent, nucleus were round or oval with similar size, no significant nuclear atypia and mitotic activity was found. The pathologic diagnosis was micro-cyst type in 15 cases, single-cyst type in 6 cases. Immunohistochemistry method showed EMA, CK7, CK19 positive and PAS staining positive. The positive expression rate of Ki 67 was between 1% and 3%. After follow-up of 19 cases ranging from 3 months to 7 years, no recurrence and metastasis was detected.ConclusionsSCAP is seen predominantly in elderly female patients with significant symptoms. A majority of tumors are located in the pancreatic body and tail. SCAP presents with characteristics of pancreatic ductal epithelial, and the prognosis is excellent.
Pancreas; Cystadenomas, serous; Retrospective studies; Neoplasms, cystic
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2012.06.005
国家自然科学基金(81071985)
230001 合肥,安徽医科大学附属省立医院普外科(周杭城、陈炯、武文、胡立威、杨仁保、陈龙江),病理科(翁海燕)
陈炯,Email:ch_jiong@126.com
2012-07-25)
(本文编辑:屠振兴)