静脉移植骨髓间充质干细胞参与皮肤扩张的可行性研究
2012-04-29王晓燕郑岩孟宝玺夏炜马显杰王志军
王晓燕 郑岩 孟宝玺 夏炜 马显杰 王志军
[摘要]目的:探讨经耳源静脉移植入体内的骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ,BM-MSCs)参与皮肤扩张的情况。方法:以小型家猪为研究对象,分离培养并鉴定猪BM-MSCs。制作猪皮肤扩张模型,8头猪随机分为两组,每组4头,实验组(A组):扩张后耳源静脉注入DiI标记的猪BM-MSCs;对照组(B组):扩张后耳源静脉注入等量PBS,分别于扩张后7、14、28天测量两组扩张面积,冰冻切片观察标记细胞在扩张皮肤中的比例和分布情况,Real-time PCR检测基质细胞衍生因子-1(SDF-1)表达情况。结果:流式细胞仪鉴定细胞CD29、CD90表达阳性,CD34、CD45表达阴性,细胞标记率>99%。扩张后第14天、28天实验组扩张面积较对照组明显增加(P<0.05),冰冻切片显示,14天时实验组扩张皮肤可见DiI标记细胞聚集。PCR示SDF-1表达量实验组是对照组的5.8倍。结论:经静脉移植的BM-MSCs可迁移至扩张局部,并能有效促进皮肤扩张。
[关键词]骨髓间充质干细胞;静脉移植;皮肤扩张
[中图分类号]R622Q813.1[文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2012)04-0596-03
Study on the feasibility of BM-MSCs transplanted through systemic vein to improve the skin expansion
WANG Xiao-yan1,ZHENG Yan1,MENG Bao-xi2,XIA Wei1,MA Xian-jie1,WANG Zhi-jun3
(1Institutes of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an710032, Shaanxi, China;2.Department of Plastic Surgery,The Fifst People's Hospital, Zhengzhou;3.Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital of Dalian Medical College)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transplantation of mesenchymal stem cell from ear vein into the skin and soft tissue expansion model.Methods MSCs were isolated from porket's bone marrow and cultured in vitro. Eight pigs were randomly divided into two groups: The group A was injected with MSCs which dyed with CM-DiI from ear vein; the group B was injected with PBS from ear vein as the control group. The expansion area was measured on day7,14,28 after operation and the proportion and distribution of labeled cells were detected by frozen section . Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the expression of chemotactic growth factor-1(SDF-1).Results The MSCs cultured expressed CD90 and CD29 highly but didn't express CD34 or CD45. The mark rate>99%. On day 14 and 28, the area of experimental group was increased significantly,compared to the control group (P<0.05). The result of frozen section show that the DiI-labled cells were gathered together in the experimental group on day 14 after expansion. Real-time quantitative PCR show that the target gene expression of SDF-1 was 5.8-fold higher than the control group. Conclusion BM-MSCs transplantated from ear vein can migrate to the local of expansion and promote the skin expansion.
Key words:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs); vein transplantation; skin expansion
皮肤扩张术由于其良好的修复效果,成为整形外科最常用的修复手段之一。但皮肤扩张术存在治疗周期长、术后皮瓣回缩的缺点,如何在短时间扩张出更多新生的皮肤成为有待解决的问题。骨髓间充质干细胞由于其多项分化功能、活性强、易分离培养等优点成为创伤修复领域的热点[1-2],而皮肤扩张术本质上也是创伤修复的过程,因此本实验经静脉移植染色标记后的骨髓间充干细胞于扩张器模型,观察其在扩张皮肤内的分布和比例,拟为间充质干细胞移植促进扩张皮肤新生探寻一种无创性的移植方案。
1材料和方法
1.1 材料:Ficoll-1.077细胞分离液(天津灏洋生物技术公司,中国)、DMEM培养基(Hyclone,USA),胎牛血清(Hyclone,USA),FITC标记的鼠抗猪CD29和CD90(Becton Dickinson公司,美国)、CD34(Thermo scientific,美国)、CD45(Santa Cruz公司,美国), CM-DiI(碳花青荧光染料,Molecular Probes公司,美国),引物合成(上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司),总RNA提取试剂盒,荧光定量PCR试剂盒(AB公司,美国)、流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson公司,美国),80ml矩形单向扩张器(上海威宁公司,中国)48个,乳猪(5天龄,3kg)1头,小型家猪(3月龄,15±5kg)8头由第四军医大学动物中心提供。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 BM-MSCs的分离、培养:无菌条件下解剖乳猪双侧股骨,用PBS冲出骨髓,1.077g/ml Ficoll分离液分离(1500rpm,30min),取界面单核细胞层离心洗涤后接种于含完全培养基(DMEM +10%胎牛血清)的培养瓶中,于37℃,5%CO2饱和湿度的孵箱内培养,48h换液,待贴壁细胞培养达80%~90%融合时,用0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,传代培养。
1.2.2流式鉴定BM-MSCs及细胞标记:取培养至第三代的BM-MSCs,0.25%胰酶消化,400μl的PBS重悬,调整细胞浓度为5×105/ml,分别加入FITC标记的鼠抗猪CD90、CD34、CD45、CD29抗体,4℃避光孵育30min,PBS重悬后上流式细胞仪检测。传代后的BM-MSCs加入2μg/ml的CM-DiI溶液孵育,PBS洗涤后制成含细胞数量约25×106/ml的单细胞悬液。
1.2.3实验分组:A组:植入扩张器后,耳缘静脉注射DiI标记的MSCs细胞悬液6ml,含细胞约1.5×108;B组:植入扩张器后,耳源静脉缓慢注射PBS 6ml。
1.2.4 扩张模型:小型猪用1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉,在脊柱两侧各设计3个皮瓣,皮瓣中心上文出4cm×4cm大小面积。距脊柱2cm作纵行切口,深达深筋膜,按扩张器基底部大小在深筋膜浅层分离出4cm×6cm的皮下腔隙,置入80ml矩形单向扩张器,分层缝合皮肤。各组每隔三天注水一次,每次注水10ml。
1.2.5 扩张面积的测定:扩张后第7、14、28天分别测量两组标记面积,共48个扩张皮瓣,每组每个时间点扩张皮瓣为8个。应用统计学方法,比较两组皮肤的扩张面积。
1.2.6 冰冻切片观察DiI细胞的比例和分布:分别取两组扩张后第7,14,28天的新鲜皮肤标本,连续冰冻切片,荧光显微镜下(200×)避光观察DiI细胞在扩张皮肤中的比例和定位。
1.2.7 SDF-1在扩张局部表达量的观察:取各组扩张第14天的皮肤组织,提取总RNA后常规反转录,半定量PCR检测引物的特异性,荧光定量PCR分析目的基因趋化生长因子SDF-1相对表达量。以GAPDH为内参。
1.2.8 统计方法:数据均采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,用SPSS16.0版统计软件对数据进行方差分析,而两两之间的比较采用独立样本参数t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著的统计学意义。
2结果
2.1 BM-MSCs的培养、鉴定结果:体外培养的BM-MSCs呈多角形或梭形,12天左右细胞达到单层汇合的80%~90%。流式细胞检测结果表明BM-MSCs不表达CD34和CD45,但表达CD29和CD90。
2.2 BM-MSCs标记结果:CM-DiI染色标记传代后的细胞,用计数板计数,比较同视野白光及荧光下细胞数目,可见细胞均匀分布,荧光明亮,细胞标记率>99%。
2.3 面积测定:随着扩张时间延长,两组扩张皮瓣的标记面积增加,且实验组增加较多,扩张第28天,A、B两组扩张面积分别为(32.54±0.88)cm2、(30.11±0.58)cm2(P<0.05)。
2.4 扩张皮肤冰冻切片结果:分别取两组扩张第7、14、28天皮肤,连续冰冻切片观察,结果显示A组扩张皮肤第7天仅见少量CM-DiI标记细胞分布,14天时可见CM-DiI标记细胞聚集,随着扩张时间延长,标记细胞增多,主要分布在真皮层。B组皮肤内未见标记细胞(图1)。
2.5SDF-1在扩张局部的表达量结果:半定量PCR检测结果:目的基因条带亮度A组高于B组(图2)。实时定量PCR检测结果:A组SDF-1的表达量为B组的5.8倍(P<0.05)。以GAPDH为内参(图3)。
3讨论
3.1 近年来,骨髓间充质干细胞由于其多项分化能力、低免疫源性、易获得培养等优点成为再生医学研究的热点[1-2]。在皮肤创伤修复方面,大量研究证实移植的BM-MSCs参与皮肤的损伤修复过程[3-6],BM-MSCs有很好的可塑性,能够动员到受损组织局部,成为结构组成细胞[7-8],国内外大量研究证实移植到创面上的异体BM-MSCs能够通过分化为皮肤细胞和分泌生长因子促进创面愈合[9]。Yaojiong wu和liwen chen等的研究也证实了静脉给予的异体BM-MSCs通过分化和旁分泌作用促进了伤口愈合和皮肤新生[10]。有研究表明间充质干细胞会向缺氧环境迁移[11],扩张皮肤在扩张期处于缺氧状态,因而极有可能趋化BM-MSCs到扩张区域。本实验通过将CM-DiI荧光标记的BM-MSCs静脉移植入皮肤扩张模型,旨在探讨异体移植的BM-MSCs能否迁移至扩张区域并促进扩张局部皮肤的新生。
3.2 CM-DiI是一种亲脂性荧光染料,易嵌入生物质膜内而标记整个细胞膜[12]。CM-DiI标记对细胞的活性、发育或其它基本的生理特性无明显影响[13],不容易在标记与非标记细胞之间传递,且荧光保持时间长,可作为体外培养细胞所特有的标记物以区分在体细胞。本实验采用CM-DiI标记猪 BM-MSCs后,结果显示标记效率达99%,细胞在荧光显微镜下发出明亮的红色荧光,于标记后 28天仍然保持较清楚的荧光,也证实了移植的BM-MSCs向扩张区域的迁移。
3.3 众多体内外实验表明细胞因子可以影响干细胞移植的微环境[14],进而影响骨髓间充质干细胞的动员、迁移及分化。基质细胞衍生因子-1属于趋化因子之一,具有广泛的生物学活性。研究证实SDF-1能够充当骨髓干细胞定向迁移的化学引诱物[15],同时它也可以增强骨髓干细胞的运动能力[16],Lee等[17]体外实验也发现,基质细胞衍生因子-1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向其趋向迁移。本实验结果显示移植细胞组SDF-1分泌量较对照组增高,从而诱导移植的BM-MSCs向扩张区域迁移,在局部起到促进扩张皮肤新生的作用。
3.4 静脉移植由于可以反复、多次、大量进行无创的治疗,是最具有应用前景的治疗方法。但也有研究表明,移植BM-MSCs后早期大量细胞集聚于肺脏[18],待损伤局部炎症减退后,BM-MSCs可逐渐迁移至局部。Gao[19]的实验也表明移植之前首先给予静脉注射硝普钠等血管扩张药物会明显减少细胞在肺组织内的存留。因此如何减少移植细胞在肺组织内的存留,以及静脉移植细胞后扩张局部联合应用SDF-1是否能更好的促进扩张皮肤新生有待进一步的研究。
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[收稿日期]2011-09-13 [修回日期]2011-01-28
编辑/张惠娟