院士风采

张香桐1907.11.27～2007.11.04

神经生理学家。河北正定人。1933年毕业于北京大学生理系。1946年获美国耶鲁大学医学院生理系哲学博士学位。中国科学院上海脑研究所研究员、名誉所长。首先提出大脑皮层运动区是代表肌肉的论点；根据视觉皮层诱发电位的分析提出视觉通路中三色传导学说，发现“光强化”现象。世界生理学界把这种现象命名为“张氏效应”；首次发现树突电位；还从事针刺镇痛机制研究，认为针刺镇痛是两种感觉传入在中枢神经系统相互作用的结果。

1957 年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Neurophsiologist. Born in Zhengding, Hebei Province. Graduated from the Department of Psychology, Peking National University in 1933. Received Ph. D. in physiology from School of Medicine, Yale University, USA in 1946. Research professor and honorary director,Shanghai Brain Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhang demonstrated for the first time the topographical representation of muscles in the motor cortex and the existence of corticothalamic reverberating circuit. He postulated the trichromatic conduction theory in the visual pathways and discovered the photic potentiation phenomenon ( the socalled “Zhang’s effect”). He is considered as one of the pioneers in the study of dendritic potential. He also studied the neural mechanism of acupuncture and proposed the sensory interaction theory in interpretation of acupuncture analgesia.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

尹赞勋1902.02.23～1984.01.27

地质学家、古生物学家。河北平乡人。1931年获法国理学博士学位。中国科学院地质研究所研究员。学术研究领域包括古生物的许多门类、显生宙各个系的地层学以及有关能源和矿产资源研究，以对志留系软体动物化石和笔石化石的研究所做出的贡献而著名。主编了第一部中国区域底层表和《中国地层典》的石炭系分册。1972年始，将国际上地球科学最新重大突破——板块构造学向国内作了系统介绍，推动了中国板块构造学的研究。1978年发布了《论褶皱幕》专著，对中国的褶皱幕和褶皱旋回的划分提出了独特的见解。对古生物钟的研究，为古生物学和天文学的相互渗透以阐明地球历史方面起了先导作用。他是我国地层规范的创始人，我国志留系研究的奠基人，我国无脊椎古生物学的开拓者。他是推动我国地球科学事业的优秀组织者和领导者。

1955 年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Geologist and paleontologist. Born in Pingxiang, Hebei Province.Received Sc.D. in France in 1923. Research professor, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yin’s research field covered many branches of paleontology,stratigraphy of various phanerobiotic system as well as energy and mineral resources. He was world-famous for his contributions to Silurian mollusk and graptolite. As the chief editor, he published China’s first “Regional Stratigraphic Tables of China” an “Stratigraphic Lexicon of China” (Vol. 7, Carboniferous System). In 1972, he first introduced systematically the updated breakthrough of geosciences, plate tectonics, into China, promoting the studies of Chinese plate tectonics. In 1978, he published a book titled “ On Folding Phases”, in which he presented his original view to divide folding phased and cycles in China. He was also one of the pioneers to study the paleontologic clock which can combine paleontology with astronomy to clarify the evolutionary history of the Earth. He was the founder of stratigraphic code, Silurian stratigraphy and invertebrate paleontology in China and also one of the outstanding organizers and leaders to have pushed Chinese geosciences forward.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

田奇隽1899.02.13～1975.09.15

地质学家。土家族。湖南大庸人。1923年北京大学地质系毕业。曾任地质部地质矿产局总工程师、全国矿产储量委员会副主任等。早年研究中国尤其是南方晚古生代和早中生代的一些海相地层和化石，作出了积极的贡献，以对湖南泥盆系及其头足类化石的研究最为深入而系统，涉及地层的全面划分对比、21个化石带的建立、古生物群的分布与演化、古地理的阐述等，包括中国石炭纪海百合化石、南方三叠系及其下部的头足类化石等方面。50年代以来，除组织并参与中南及全国重点地区地质矿产勘查外，参与制订了数十种地质矿产勘探规范，审批了大量的矿产储量勘探报告。晚年对首都钢铁资源勘探提出建议，并力陈海相成油和找隐伏矿的重要性。

1955 年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Geologist. Born in Dayong, Hunan Province. Tujia nationality.Graduated from Peking University in 1923. Chief engineer, Department of Geology and Mineral Resource, Ministry of Gelolgy and Mineral Resources, and vice chairman, National Mineral Reserves Commission.

In his early years of scientific career, he made contributions to the study of Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic marine strata and fossils, especially those in South China. His stuffy of the Devonian System and its Cephalopoda in Human Province was the deepest and the most systematical, which not only involved the complete division and correlation of strata, the establishment of 21 fossil zones, the distribution and evolution of paleobiocenosis and the change of paleogeography in that region, but also extended to the study of Carboniferous Crinoidea in China and the Triassic System and its underlying Cephalopoda in South China. Since 1950, he had participated in working out tens of geological exploration codes and in examining and approving a lot of reports of mineral reserves.Meanwhile, he had organized and directed geological explorations in South China and key regions all over the country. In his later years, he put forward profitable proposals for the development of iron resources in Beijing and stressed the importance of prospecting marine oil-gas fields and hidden deposits.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

乐森寻1899.09.04～1989.02.12

地质学家、古生物学家。贵州贵阳人。1924年毕业于北京大学地质系。1936年获德国马堡大学哲学博士学位。自20年代起在中国西南地区开展煤、铁、铝等矿产资源普查，为这一地区的资源合理开发奠定了基础。作为中国珊瑚化石研究的奠基人之一，对四射珊瑚化石完成了大量属种的总结和厘定，提出分类学与系统演化方面的重要认识，并发现了著名的乐氏江油鱼化石。在泥盆纪地层研究方面，取得一系列重要研究成果。在地质学、古生物学的教育和普及方面作出了重大贡献，50年代为北京大学恢复了地质系，为国家地质事业培养了众多专门人才。

1955 年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Geologist and paleontologist. Born in Guiyang, Guizhou Province.Graduated from Peking University in 1924. Received Ph.D. from Marburg University, Germany in 1936. Professor, Peking University.

The prospect of such resources as coal, iron ore and bauxite Yue made in Southwest China during the 1920s laid a foundation for the proper development of mineral resources there in following years. As one of the founders of the research on coral fossils in China, he made in-depth studies on Rugosa, identified a lot of its genera and species,and presented important conclusions for its taxonomy and phylogeny.He was the discoverer of a famous fish fossil named after his first name in Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province. He also researched fruitfully Devonian System in China. He made important contribution to the education and popularization of geology and paleontology. In the 1950s,he took charge of the re-establishment of the Geology Department of Peking University and trained a large number of researchers and engineers needed for China’s geological undertakings.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.