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海芒果叶中三萜类成分的研究

2011-03-17张小坡裴月湖刘明生康胜利张俊清

天然产物研究与开发 2011年3期
关键词:三萜类乌苏石油醚

张小坡,裴月湖,刘明生,康胜利,张俊清

1海南省热带药用植物研究开发省重点实验室;2海南省南药黎药研究院,海口571101;3沈阳药科大学中药学院,沈阳110016

海芒果叶中三萜类成分的研究

张小坡1,3,裴月湖3,刘明生1,2*,康胜利1,2,张俊清1,2

1海南省热带药用植物研究开发省重点实验室;2海南省南药黎药研究院,海口571101;3沈阳药科大学中药学院,沈阳110016

采用多种柱色谱等分离纯化手段对海芒果叶中的三萜类成分进行分离,得到7个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱方法鉴定化合物为熊果醇(1),(23Z)-9,19-cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol(2),大戟醇(3),乌苏酸(4),2α-羟基乌苏酸(5),乙酰乌苏酸(6),α-香树脂醇(7)。化合物1~6均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

海芒果;三萜;黎药;化学成分

海芒果(Cerbera manghas L.)为夹竹桃科(Apocynaceae)海杧果属(Cerbera)红树林植物,产于海南、广东、广西和台湾,在海南分布于陵水和万宁等地,其中陵水等地是黎族聚居地区[1],在该地区海芒果的树皮、叶和乳汁作为药物被用来催吐和泻下,其种子榨出的油被用作燃料[2]。本课题组前期对其茎皮化学成分研究中,发现一些结构特殊的天然产物[3,4],为进一步开发利用该黎药资源,阐明有效成分,我们对海芒果叶中三萜类成分进行研究,通过硅胶柱色谱和Sephadex LH-20等色谱分离手段,共分离得到7化合物,其结构分别确定为熊果醇(1),(23Z)-9,19-cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol(2),大戟醇(3),乌苏酸(4),2α-羟基乌苏酸(5),乙酰乌苏酸(6)和α-香树脂醇(7)。其中化合物1-6为首次从该属植物中分离得到。

1 仪器与材料

XT-5显微熔点测定仪(未校正),JASCO-FT-IR-4100型红外分光光度仪,核磁共振用 BRUKERARX-300/600型核磁共振仪,薄层色谱和柱色谱用硅胶由青岛海洋化工厂生产,Sephadex LH-20由Pharmacia biotech Sweden生产,普通色谱用试剂均为分析纯,均为中国医药集团上海化学试剂公司生产。氘代试剂由中国科学院武汉波谱公司生产,所用药材由中国医学科学院药用植物研究所海南分所提供,经陈伟平研究员鉴定为夹竹桃科植物海芒果(Cerbera manghas L.)。

2 提取与分离

海芒果叶10.0 kg阴干、粉碎,70%乙醇回流提取,提取液经减压浓缩后得到浸膏2.15 kg,水混悬后分别用石油醚、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到石油醚萃取部分浸膏(80 g)及乙酸乙酯部分浸膏(90 g)。取石油醚萃取物70 g,常压硅胶柱色谱,石油醚-乙酸乙酯梯度洗脱,共得到6个流份(Fr.Ⅰ~Ⅵ)。Fr.Ⅱ经过经硅胶柱色谱分离及反复重结晶后得到化合物2(10 mg),7(16 mg);Fr.Ⅲ经硅胶柱色谱(环己烷-乙酸乙酯=9:∶1)分离后得到化合物3(12 mg),6(20 mg);取乙酸乙酯萃取物85g,常压柱色谱,氯仿-丙酮梯度洗脱,得到7个流份(Fr.1-7)。Fr.1经反复重结晶,Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离得到化合物1(15 mg);Fr.2经硅胶柱色谱(石油醚-乙酸乙酯=4∶1)得到化合物4(50 mg),Fr.5中经Sephadex LH-20柱色谱分离得到化合物 5(15 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1 白色针状结晶,Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.230~234℃。1H NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz)δ:5.22(1H,brs,H-12),3.91(1H,m,H-3),3.46(2H,dd,J=10.8,6.0Hz,H-28),1.24(3H,s,29-CH3),1.21(3H,s,27-CH3),1.04(3H,s,23-CH3),1.01(3H,s,24-CH3),0.92-0.95(9H,m,25,26,30-CH3);13C NMR(C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:139.7 (C-13),125.0(C-12),78.1(C-3),69.2(C-28),55.8(C-5),54.7(C-18),48.1(C-9),42.4(C-14),40.4(C-8),39.9(C-20),39.8(C-19),39.4(C-4),39.3(C-1),38.7(C-10),37.2(C-17),36.2(C-17),33.3(C-21),31.3(C-22),28.8(C-15),28.2(C-23),26.6(C-2),23.9(C-16),23.7(C-27),23.6(C-11),21.6(C-30),18.8(C-6),17.8(C-29),17.0(C-26),16.6(C-25),15.9(C-24)。以上数据与文献[5]报道一致,故鉴定化合物1为熊果醇。

化合物2 无色针状结晶,Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.200~202℃。1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:5.20(2H,m,H-23,24),3.29(1H,m,H-3),1.23(6H,s,26,27-CH3),0.98(6H,s,18,29-CH3),0.89(3H,s,28-CH3),0.86(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,30-CH3),0.81(3H,s,28-CH3);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ:139.3(C-23),125.6(C-24),78.3(C-3),70.7(C-25),52.0(C-17),48.8(C-14),48.0(C-8),47.1(C-5),45.3(C-13),40.5(C-4),39.0(C-22),36.4(C-20),35.6(C-12),32.8(C-15),32.0(C-1),30.4(C-2),30.0(C-26,27),29.9(C-19),28.0(C-7),26.4(C-16),26.1(C-11),26.0(C-10),25.4(C-30),21.1(C-6),20.0(C-9),19.3(C-28),18.2(C-21),18.0(C-18),14.0(C-29)。以上数据与文献[6]中数据一致,故化合物2鉴定为(23Z)-9,19-cycloart-23-ene-3β,25-diol。

化合物3 无色针状结晶,Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.114~117℃。1H NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz)δ:4.72(1H,brs,H-28a),4.67(1H,brs,H-28b),1.05(3H,s,28-CH3),1.04(3H,s,29-CH3),1.03(3H,d,J=3.6 Hz,19-CH3),1.01(6H,s,26,27-CH3),0.93(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,21-CH3),0.90 (3H,s,30-CH3);13C NMR(CDCl3,125 MHz)δ: 156.9(C-24),134.6(C-9),133.2(C-8),105.9(C-28),76.5(C-3),50.4(C-5,17),47.0(C-14),44.6 (C-13),39.2(C-4),36.5(C-10),35.0(C-1,20),33.8(C-22),31.3(C-25),31.2(C-13),31.0(C-15),30.8(C-16),28.2(C-7),28.1(C-29),27.3(C-2),25.5(C-12),24.4(C-31),21.9(C-27),21.8(C-26),20.7(C-11),19.1(C-21),18.3(C-19),17.9 (C-6),15.7(C-18),15.0(C-30)。以上数据与文献[7]报道基本一致,故化合物3鉴定为大戟醇。

化合物4 无色针状结晶(氯仿),Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.282~284℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300 MHz)δ:5.27(1H,m,H-12),3.21(1H,m,H-3),2.80(1H,brd,J=13.2 Hz,H-18),1.13 (3H,s,27-CH3),1.05(3H,s,25-CH3),0.91(9H,brs,23,29,30-CH3),0.77(3H,s,24-CH3),0.74 (3H,s,26-CH3);13C NMR(DMSO-d6,75 MHz)δ: 178.4(C-28),138.3(C-13),124.7(C-12),76.9(C-3),54.9(C-5),52.5(C-18),47.1(C-9),46.9(C-17),41.7(C-8),38.6(C-1,4),38.5(C-20),38.4 (C-19),36.6(C-10),36.4(C-22),32.8(C-7),30.3 (C-21),28.4(C-23),27.6(C-15),27.1(C-2),23.9 (C-16),23.4(C-27),23.0(C-11),21.2(C-30),18.1(C-6),17.1(C-29),17.0(C-26),16.2(C-24),15.4(C-25)。以上数据与文献[8]报道一致,故鉴定化合物4为乌苏酸。

化合物5 白色粉末(甲醇),Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.250~254℃。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,300 MHz)δ:5.14(1H,brs,H-12),3.41(2H,m,H-2,3),2.11(1H,d,J=11.1 Hz,H-18),1.03(3H,s,27-Me),0.91(9H,m,23,25,30-Me),0.82(3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,29-Me),0.74(3H,s,24-Me),0.69(3H,s,26-Me);13C NMR(DMSO-d6,75 MHz)δ:178.4 (C-28),138.3(C-13),124.5(C-12),82.3(C-3),67.2(C-2),54.8(C-5),52.5(C-18),47.2(C-1),47.1(C-9),47.0(C-17),41.8(C-14),39.0(C-19),38.6(C-4,8,20),37.6(C-10),36.4(C-22),32.7 (C-7),30.3(C-21),28.9(C-23),27.6(C-15),23.9 (C-16),23.4(C-27),23.0(C-11),21.2(C-30),18.1(C-6),17.2(C-26),17.1(C-29),17.0(C-24), 16.5(C-25)。以上数据与文献[9]报道一致,故化合物5鉴定为2α-羟基乌苏酸。

化合物6 无色结晶(氯仿),Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.288~291℃。IR(KBr)cm-1: 2961,2857,1748,1698,1475,1380,1028。1H NMR (C5D5N,600 MHz)δ:14.81(1H,s,COOH),5.46 (1H,brs,H-12),4.67(1H,m,H-3),2.12(1H,m,H-18),2.05(3H,s,CH3CO),1.32(3H,s,23-CH3),1.03(3H,s,27-CH3),1.01(3H,s,25-CH3),0.98 (3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,30-CH3),0.90(3H,d,J=6.0 Hz,29-CH3),0.84(3H,s,24-CH3),0.75(3H,s,26-CH3);13C NMR(C5D5N,125 MHz)δ:180.2(C-28),170.6(-CH3CO),139.2(C-11),125.5(C-12),80.8 (C-3),55.6(C-5),53.4(C-18),47.9(C-17),47.8 (C-9),42.5(C-14),39.9(C-8),39.5(C-19),39.4 (C-20),38.3(C-1),37.9(C-4),37.5(C-22),37.0 (C-10),33.4(C-7),31.1(C-21),28.7(C-15),28.3 (C-23),24.9(C-16),23.9(C-2),23.8(C-27),23.6 (C-11),21.4(C-29),21.2(-CH3CO),18.5(C-6),17.5(C-24),17.4(C-30),16.5(C-26),15.5(C-25)。以上数据与文献[10]报道一致,故化合物6鉴定为乙酰乌苏酸。

化合物7 白色针晶(氯仿),Liebermann-Burchard反应阳性,mp.178~182℃。IR(KBr)cm-1: 3400(OH),2960,2870,1640,1460,1378,1035,820,1H NMR(300 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.13(1H,brs,H-12),3.26(1H,m,H-3),1.03(3H,s,27-CH3),1.00 (3H,s,25-CH3),0.96(3H,s,-CH3),0.94(3H,d,J =6.6 Hz,30-CH3),0.87(3H,s,23-CH3),0.83 (3H,d,J=6.6 Hz,29-CH3),0.79(6H,s,24,26-CH3)。以上数据与文献[11]报道一致,故化合物7鉴定为α-香树脂醇。

1 Liu MS(刘明生).Introduction of Li Nationality Medicine (黎药学概论).Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2008.1-2.

2 Guangdong provincial institute of botany(广东省植物研究所).Flora of Hainan(海南植物志),vol(3),Beijing:Science Press,1974,228-229.

3 Zhang XP,Liu MS,Zhang JQ,et al.Chemical constituents from the bark of Cerbera manghas.J Asian Nat Prod Res,2009,11:75-78.

4 Zhang XP(张小坡),Zhang JQ(张俊清),Liu MS(刘明生),et al.Studies on chemical constituents from the bark of Cerbera manghas.Chin Tradit Herb Drugs(中草药),2008,39:1138-1140.

5 Cui SY(崔书亚),Cheng DL(程东亮),Tian J(田军),et al.The chemical studies of Clausena dunniana.Nat Prod Res Dev(天然产物研究与开发,2001,13:11-13.

6 Li GY(李国玉),Wang JH(王金辉),Li N(李宁),et al.Cycloartane triterpenoids from the pericarp of Sphaerophysa salsula DC.J Shenyang Pharm Univ(沈阳药科大学学报),2003,20:252-254.

7 Barrero AF,Oltra JE,Poyatos JA,et al.Phycomysterols and other sterols from the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus.J Nat Prod,1998,61:1491-1496.

8 Saimaru H,Orihara Y,Tansakul P,et al.Production of triterpene acids by cell suspension cultures of Olea europaea.Chem Pharm Bull,2007,55:784-787.

9 Chen B(陈斌),Zhu M(朱梅),Xing WX(刑旺兴),et al.Studies on chemical constituents in fruit of Eucalyptus globules.China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志),2002,27: 596-597.

10 Guo XM(郭学敏),Zhang L(章玲),Quan SC(全山从),et al.Isolation and identification of triterpenoid compounds in fruits of Chaenomeles lagenaria(Loisel.)Koidz.China J Chin Mater Med(中国中药杂志),1998,23:546-547.

11 Gan HX(甘海秀),Zhou X(周欣),Chen HG(陈华国),et al.Chemical constituents of Periploca forrestii Schltr.J Trop Subtrop Bot(热带亚热带植物学报),2009,17:160-163.

Triterpenoids from the leaves of Cerbera manghas

ZHANG Xiao-po1,3,PEI Yue-hu3,LIU Ming-sheng1,2*,KANG Sheng-li1,2,ZHANG Jun-qing1,21Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D of Tropical Herbs;2Hainan provincial institute of South China Medicine and Li Nationality Medicine,Haikou 571101,China;3School of Traditional Chinese Materia Media,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China

Seven triterpenoids were obtained from the leaves of Cerbera manghas and identified as uvaol(1),(23Z)-9,19-cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol(2),euphorbol(3),ursolic acid(4),2α-hydroxyursolic acid(5),3-O-acetyl ursolic acid(6),and α-amyrin(7).Among them,1-6 were isolated from genus Cerbera for the first time.

Cerbera manghas L.;triterpenoids;Li Nationality Medicine;chemical constituents

1001-6880(2011)03-0443-03

2009-09-07 接受日期:2009-10-14

海南省重点学科-药物化学

*通讯作者 Tel:86-898-66893826;E-mail:mingsliu2002@yahoo.com

R284.2

A

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