一般现在时的自述
2010-12-30陈静
陈 静
同学们好!我叫一般现在时,在时态家族中,我是老大哥。在英语中,我的应用最广泛,是你们学习英语语法的重点。
一、如果同学们想要找我,请到下面三个地方去找:
1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。eg:
I go to school on foot. 我步行去上学。
He is very busy now. 他现在非常忙。
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。eg:
He can swim. 他会游泳。
I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。
3)表示客观真理。eg:
There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
The moon moves round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。
二、我的结构按正常语序,也就是“主语+谓语+其它”,有时为了起强调作用,我常常把时间状语提到前面。我的句式变化可分为两种情况:
1)表示动作,一般人称作主语的,变否定句时须在动词前面加助动词dont;变一般疑问句时须在句首加助动词do。eg:
They have lunch at 12:00.→
They dont have lunch at 12:00.
Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2)第三人称单数作主语的,变否定句时须在动词前面加助动词doesnt,动词恢复原形;变一般疑问句时须在句首加助动词does,动词恢复原形。eg:
Jenny speaks English very well.→
Jenny doesnt speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
3)含有be动词的要在be上做变化。eg:
Danny is a good student.→
Danny isnt a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
三、我的时间状语多为often, usually, always, sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays, in the morning(afternoon evening), every day等。
四、有些同学在和我交朋友时,总是犯这样或那样的错误,现以用括号中所给词的适当形式填空题型为例,进行一一说明。eg:
1)be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例:We are plant(plant) the trees in spring.
答案:plant
解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be表状态,do表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”
2)单三人称形式易出错
例:1. He plaies(play) football very well.
2. Danny gos(go) to school at 7:10.
答案:1.plays 2.goes
解析:1.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加-es; 2.与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加-es。
3)在句式变换时易出错
例:1. Does Jenny has(has) a good friend?
2. Brian doesnt lives(not live) in China.
答案:1.Does; have 2.doesnt live
解析:单三人称作主语的一般现在时作句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。eg:
He didnt go home yesterday.
4)对do的理解易出错
例:We dont(not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案:dont do
解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实际意义;c)是一个具体的行为动词,意为“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词dont。
5)对主语的数的判断有误
例:Li Ming with me are(be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:从表面看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此作伴随状语,不能作主语,故用is。
另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。
【小试牛刀】
一、单项填空
1. Jenny ____ in an office.Her parents ____ in a hospital.
A. work; works B. works; work C. work; are working D. is working; work
2. One of the boys ____ a black hat.
A. have B. there is C. there are D. has
3. We will go shopping if it ____ tomorrow.
A. dont rain B. didnt rain C. doesnt rain D. isnt rain
4. He said the sun ____ in the east and ____ in the west.
A. rose; set B. rises; sets C. rises, set D. rise; sets
5. Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A. like; listen B. likes; listens C. like; are listening D. liking; listen
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. I can take Li Ming there when he ____(come) to visit.
2. ____ your sister ____(know) English?
3. ____ she ____(do) the housework every day?
4. Who ____(want) to go swimming?
5. Where ____ you ____(have) lunch every day?
Key: 一、1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 二、1.comes 2.Does; know 3.Does; do 4.wants 5.do; have