院士风采

卢嘉锡

1915.10.26～2001.06.04

化学家。祖籍台湾台南。福建厦门人。1934年毕业于厦门大学化学系。1939年获英国伦敦大学物理化学“哲学”博士学位。1985年被选为第三世界科学院院士；同年被选为比利时皇家科学院外籍院士。他早年设计的等倾斜魏森堡照相的Lp因子倒数图，曾为国际X射线晶体学界普遍采用。创建中国科学院福建物质结构研究所。1973年在国际上最早提出固氮酶活性中心网兜模型之一，之后又提出过渡金属原子簇合物“自兜”合成中的“元件组装”设想，还系统地组织提出一些[Mo3S4]4+簇合物的“类芳香性”本质问题。因而使中国化学模拟生物固氮及有关原子簇合物的合成和结构化学研究跻身世界前列。曾任中国科学院院长、第八届全国人大副委员长、中国科学院特邀顾问等职。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Xiamen, Fujian Provence. Graduated from Xianmen University in 1934. Received Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the London University, UK in 1939. Elected academician of Third World Academy of Sciences and Belgian Royal Society of Sciences.

In his early years. Lu designed the reciprocal Lpfactor chart for equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs designed which was adopted by X-rays crystallograhpers all over the world before the advent of electronic computer era. He is the founder of the Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter. He is one of the few to first propose the “string bag”cluster model for the active center of nitrogenase in biological nitrogen fixation in 1973 as well as the idea of “unit construction” approach in the rational synthesis of transition-metal clusters. He also otganized a systematic study of quasi-aromaticity in certain [Mo3S4]4+clusters and discovered that such a quasi-aromaticity is not at all limited to Mo-S clusters. All his work pushed China’s research on the chemical modeling of biological nitrogen fixation as well as rational syntheses and cooperative phenomena in transitionmetal clusters to the forefront of the worles. President and special advisor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, vice president, Standing Committee of the 8th National People’s Congress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

庄长恭

1894.12.25～1962.02.15

化学家。福建泉州人。1921年毕业uyu美国芝加哥大学，1924年获博士学位。1948年后，任中国科学院有机化学研究所所长。他确证了麦角甾烷结构，推测了麦角甾醇的结构，设计了带有角甲基双环α—酮的合成方法；研究了甾族边链的氧化断裂，是当时国际上少数从事甾体全合成研究的知名化学家之一，其工作曾被引入著名教科书。他还研究了防己诺林、去甲基防己碱等生物碱结构。对有机合成特别是甾体化合物的合成与天然有机化合物的结构研究作出了卓越的贡献。他重视并拟定有机化学中中文命名，先用的吲哚、吡咯等杂环化合物名称均为他所倡议的。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Quanzhou, Fujian Province. Graduaed from the University of Chicago, USA in 1921 and received Ph.D.at the same school in 1924. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. After 1949, President, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhuang’s outstanding contribution is the synthesis of steroids and the structure determination fo natural products.He proved the structure of ergostane, deduced the structure of ergosterol, designed the method for the synthesis of bicycloketo with dimethyl at the corners, and studied the oxidation cleavage of the side chain fo seroids. He was one of the few world renowned chemists who worked on the synthesis of steroids at his time and his work had been collected into some well-known textbooks. He also studied fanchinoline, demethylated spermine and other alkaloids. He and his co-workers set up methods for microanalysis of organic compounds. His work promoted the development of China’s chemical research. He also paid great attention to the naming of organic compounds. The Chinese names for pyrrole, indole and some sther heterocyclic compounds were named under his advocation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

纪育沣

1899.12.22～1982.05.18

化学家。浙江鄞州人。1921年毕业于上海沪江大学化学系。1922年获美国芝加哥大学硕士学位，1928年获耶鲁大学博士学位。1951年～1958年人中央卫生研究院药物化学系研究员。1958年～1982年任北京化学制剂研究所研究员、副所长。毕生从事药物化学及有机合成工作，包括嘧啶、噻唑、喹啉等杂环化合物和中草药化学成分的研究，维生素B1全合成，抗疟药物、抗血吸虫药物和系列氨基酸化合物的合成，维生素C的测定方法及在动植物产品中的分布等方面。对嘧啶的研究最为知名，例如硫氰基嘧啶类化合物重排为相应的异硫氰嘧啶，过氧化氢与巯基嘧啶的反映以及胺和肼与2-甲巯基嘧啶的作用等研究。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Born in Yinxian, Zhejing Province. Graduated from the Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Hujiang University. Received M.Sc. from the University of Chicago in 1922 and Ph.D. from Yale University in 1928. Research professor and director, Beijing Institute of Chemical Reagents.

Ji had devoted his whole life to the synthesis of drugs and organic compounds, such as pyrimidine, thiazole,quinoline and other heterocyclic compounds. He also studied some natural products from Chinese herbs. He studied the synthesis of Vitamin B1, antimalaria drugs, schistosomekillers,aminoacids and so on. He developed methods to determinate Vitamin C and its distribution in plants and animals. His outstanding work was the reaction research of pyrimidine and its derivatives, for example, the rearrangement of thiocyanatopyrimidine to isothiocyanatopyrimidine, the reaction between mercaptopyrimidine and hydrogen peroxide, and the reation of amines and pydrazine with 2-methmercaptopyrimidine and so on.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

杨石先

1897.01.01～1985.02.19

化学家。蒙族。安徽怀宁人。1918年毕业于清华学堂。1922年获美国康奈尔大学硕士学位。1931年获美国耶鲁大学博士学位。1923年起任南开大学教授兼理学院院长、教务长兼代理校长，1957年任南开大学校长。主要研究农药和元素有机化学，并长期从事化学教育。创建了南开大学元素有机化学研究所。系统研究有机磷杀虫剂、杀菌剂、除草剂及植物生长调节剂等高校农药，1978年该研究所有10项成果获全国科学大会奖。系统地研究了磷有机化合物的结构与生物活性的关系。80年代初在南开大学创建分子生物研究所，在化学与生物学的交叉点上开始新的探索。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Chemist. Mongolian nationality. Born in Huaining, Anhui Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1918. Received M.Sc. from Cornell University in 1922 and Ph.D.from Yale University in 1931. Professor and dean, School of Natural Science, director, the Department of Education Affairs, and president, Nankai University.

Yang was engaged in the research on prsticide chemistry,elementary organic chemistry and chemical education. He was the founder of the Institute of Elementary Organic Chemistry of Nankai University. He did systematic research on organo-phosphorous insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and plant growth regulators.These research items won 10 prizes of the National Science Conference in 1978. in 1987, he was granted a second class prize of the National Natural Science Award. In the early 1980s, he set up the Institute of Molecular Biology in Nankai University and started his new research endeavor from the cross point of chemistry and biology.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.