院士风采

余瑞璜1906.3.10～1997.5.19

物理学家。江西宜黄人。1929年毕业于南京东南大学。1937年获英国曼彻斯特大学理学博士学位。吉林大学教授。主要从事x射线晶体学、金属物理、固体物理理论等方面的研究与教学并取得突出成就。30年代研制出中国第一台盖革计数器。1942年创立x射线晶体结构分析新综合法，被国际晶体学界誉为国际上第一流晶体学家。40年代研制出中国第一台抽气式x光机。1950年研制出中国第一支医用封闭式x光管。70年代在固体与分子经验电子理论研究方面获重要成果。在培养科学人才方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Yihuang, Jiangxi Province. Graduated from Dongnan University, Nanjing in 1929. Received Sc.D. from Manchest University , UK in 1937. Professor, Jilin University.

Yu is mainly engaged in the research and teaching in the fields of X-ray crystallography, metal physics and solid physics and has made outstanding achievements. In the 1930s, he developed China’s first Geiger counter. In 1942, he established a new synthesis method of X-ray crystal structure analysis and therefore was regarded as the first class crystallographist in the world. He also developed China’s first pumped X-ray generator in the 1940s and first pumped X-ray tube for medical use in the 1950s. In the 1970s, he made important successes in empirical electronic theory of solids and molecules. He also contributed a lot to the training of scientefic personnel.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

张钰哲1902.2.16～1986.7.21

天文学家。福建闽侯人。1926年毕业于美国芝加哥大学天文学系。1929年获叶凯士天文台天文学博士学位。中国科学院紫金山天文台研究员、台长、名誉台长。1928年发现1125号小行星，命名为“中华”。30多年来拍摄和领导拍摄到7000多次小行星和彗星的精确位置，发现80多颗小行星和3颗命名为“紫金山”的新彗星。1957年初应用天体力学基础理论对人造卫星轨道问题作了开创性研究。开创并领导了多个领域天文学 研究，取得多项重要成果。在天文学史研究、天文仪器研制、天文科普、推进学术交流等方面作了大量工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Astronomer. Born in Minghou, Fujian province. Grakuated from the Department of Astronommy University of Chicago in 1926. Rcecived Ph.D. in astronomics from Yerkes Observatory in 1929. Research professor, director and honorary director, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of sciences.

Zhang discovered the asteroid, No. 1125, and named as“China”. In more than 30 years, he observed and was in charge of the observation of the precise positions of more than 7000 asteroids and comets and discovered over 80asteroids and 3 new comets which were named as “Tsuchinshan”. In the early 1957,he made original research on the orbits of artificial satellites with the fundamental theories of celestial mechanics. He opened up and led the astronomical research in several fields and obtained a number of important achievements. He conducted a great amount of research on the astronomical history, astronomical instrument design and astronomical popular science and promoted academic exchange and cooperation.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

陆学善1905.9.21～1981.5.20

物理学家、晶体学家。浙江湖州人。1928年毕业于南京东南大学，1933年清华大学研究员研究生毕业。1936年获英国曼彻斯特大学物理学博士学位。中国科学院物理研究所研究员、代所长、顾问。主要从事晶体物理学和X射线晶体学的研究，是中国晶体物理学研究的主要创始人之一和X射线晶体学研究队伍的主要创建人。早年首创的利用晶体点阵常数测定相图中固溶度线的方法，至今仍被广泛采用。50年代发表《铝、铜、镍三元合金系中τ相的晶体结构变迁》重要论文，获国内外同行高度评价。在应用X射线多晶粉末法研究晶体结构和合金相图等方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist and crystallographer.Born in Huzhou,Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Dongnan University,Nanjing in 1928.Finished postgraduate study in the Graduate School, Tsinghua University in 1933. Received doctor of physics from Manchester University, UK in 1936. Research professor, actingdiredtor and advisor, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Lu was mainly engaged in the research on crystal physics and X-ray crystallography. He was one of the primary originators of crystal physics study in China and the chief founder of China’s research contingent for X-ray crystallography. In his early years, he initiated the method for the determination of solid solubility curves in a phase diagram by using crystal lattice constants, which is still used today. In the 1950s, he pubished the paper “Crystal Structure Changes in the τ-Phase of Aluminum-Copper-Nickel Alloys”, winiing great reputation from his colleagues both at home and abroad. Hh also made important contributions to the study of crystal structures and alloy phase diagrams by applying X-ray multi-crystal powder diffraction techniques.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

陈建功1893.9.8～1971.4.11

数学家。浙江绍兴人。1916年毕业于日本东京高等工业学校和东京物理学校；1921年毕业于日本东北帝国大学；1929年获日本东北帝国大学理学博士学位。1948年当选为中央研究院院士。杭州大学教授、副校长。主要从事实变函数论、复变函数论和微分方程等方面的研究与教学工作，是中国数学界公认的权威、函数论方面的学科带头人和许多分支研究的开拓者，同时也是一位卓有成就的教育家。20年代独立解决了函数可以用绝对收敛的三角级数来表示等根本性数学问题，得到了关于无条件收敛的判别理论。在指导青年教师和学生开展科学研究、培养人才、发展教育方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。

1955年被选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province.Graduated from Tokyo Advanced School of Technolohy and Tokyo School of Physics, Japan in 1916 and from the Northeastern Imperial University, Japan in 1921. Received Sc.D. from the Graduate School of the University in 1929. Elected academician of the Central Academy of Sciences in 1948. Professor and president, Zhejiang University.

Chen was mainly engaged in the research and education in the theoty of real and complex variable function and differential equations. He was generally acknowledged as the authoritative master in the Chinese mathematics circle, field forerunner in function theory, founder of the studies of many branches of mathematics and a very fruitful educationist. In the 1920s, he independently solved some fundamental mathematical problems such as functions which can be expressed by trigonometric series which are absolutely convergent, and achieved the discrimination theory of nonconditional convergence. He also made enormous contributions in guiding youg teachers and students to carry out scientific research, training qualified personnel and promoting Chinese educational progress.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.