必修五 Ｕｎｉｔ １ Ｇｒｅａｔ ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ

黄　湘

一、完形填空

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中。

What is impressive about the innovators(革新者) who succeeded in making our modern world is that they often failed. Turn on a light, take a photograph, watch TV, ___1___the Web, fly across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a cellphone. The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to___2 ___ through a number of wrong turns.

No one likes failure, but the smart innovators___3___it. Mark Gumz, the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc, ___4 ___some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure. His popular phrase is: “You only fail when you ___5___ .”

Over two centuries, the most common___6___of the innovators has been persistence. Walt Disney, the founder of Disneyland, was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left___7 ___in his office because he could not___8___the US$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop. ___9 ___, Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car. It was because of their determination in holding on and courage to go further that they___10 ___ succeeded.

Remember: those who are afraid to fail can never ride to victory on the back of criticism.

1. A. absorb B. search

C. handleD. link

2. A. success B. criticism

C. invention D. revolution

3. A. put forward B. learn from

C. make sense of D. get rid of

4. A. contributes B. analyzes

C. exposes D. owns

5. A. suspectB. blame

C. quitD. reject

6. A. answer B. responsibility

C. challenge D. quality

7. A. shoeless B. upset

C. cautious D. alone

8. A. offer B. provide

C. afford D. save

9. A. Likewise B. However

C. Therefore D. Namely

10. A. surprisingly B. positively

C. eventually D. jokingly

二、语法填空

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

Chinese scientist Qin Dahe was awarded the International Meteorological (气象学的) Organization Prize, ___11 ___ top prize of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO) in 2008. Qin, born in 1947, is a glaciologist. ___12___a member of the 1989 International Trans-Antarctic Pole Expedition, he became the first Chinese ever___13___ (cross) the South Pole. Qin has published a large number of ground-breaking(独创的)articles using evidence___14___(gather) from that journey. “Inspired by the honor, I will continue my efforts to promote Chinas meteorological researches with our brilliant team members. Meteorological and climatic conditions___15___ (frequent) go to extremes nowadays. ___16___, it is such a great challenge to human beings ___17___the responsibility shouldered by meteorological sciences will become more and more important.“Qin said at the ceremony. ”

Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu spoke highly of Chinas meteorological contributions during the May 12 earthquake-relief work as well as the Shenzhou VII spacecrafts flight mission. ___18___also said the prize not only reflected Qins remarkable contributions, ___19___should be considered an honor for all Chinas meteorological scientists and researchers. There is no doubt___20___China will deepen meteorological cooperation with the WMO and other nations.

三、阅读理解。

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项

Scientists involved in a historic “Big Bang” experiment to begin this week hope it will turn up many surprises about the universe and its origins -- but reject suggestions that it will bring the end of the world.

Cosmologists (宇宙论者)say that the explosion of an object, the size of a small coin, occurred about 13.7 billion years ago and led to formation of stars, planets -- and eventually to life on earth.

A key aim of the experiment is to find the “Higgs boson”, named after Scottish physicist Peter Higgs who in 1964 pointed to such a particle(粒子) as the force that gave mass to matter and made the universe possible.

“If some of what we expect to find does not turn up, and things we did not foresee do, that will be even more stimulating because it means that we understand less than we thought about nature,” said British physicist Brian Cox.

“What I would like to see is the unexpected,” said Gerardust Hooft of the University of Michigan. “Perhaps,” he suggested, “the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) machine at the heart of the experiment will show us things we didnt know existed.”

CERN, the European Centre for Nuclear Research, says its key researchers -- and many ordinary staff -- have been showing fears about the experiment by e-mails. There have been claims that it will create “black holes”of intensive(强大的) gravity sucking in CERN, Europe and perhaps the whole planet, or that it will open the way for beings from another universe to invade through a “worm hole” in space-time.

But a safety review by scientists at CERN and in the United States and Russia, issued at the weekend, rejected the prospect of such outcomes. “The LHC will enable us to study in detail what nature is doing all around us,” Aymar, who has led CERN for five years, said in response to that review. “The LHC is safe, and any suggestion that it might present a risk is pure fiction.”

21. The purpose of the text is to _______.

A. persuade scientists to stop carrying out such an experiment

B. inform people of the experiment and ask for public support

C. introduce peoples different opinions on the controversial experiment

D. give the public confidence and make them believe the experiment is safe

22. The underlined word in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______.

A. terrible B. exciting

C. deadlyD. positive

23. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The experiment has brought something unexpected.

B. Though it is believed that the experiment is safe, an explosion is still likely.

C. “Higgs boson” serves as the force that made matter and the universe possible.

D. The experiment will make it possible for beings from outer space to invade our planet.

24. We can learn from the text that _______.

A. each coin has two sides

B. practice makes perfect

C. knowledge comes from practice

D. where there is a will, there is a way

25. It can be inferred from the text that _______.

A. the explosion about 13.7 billion years ago resulted in life on earth

B. it will cost a lot of money to carry out the experiment

C. the black holes created will be similar to the natural ones

D. the result of the experiment still remains to be seen

四、基础写作

你校最近举行的科技节(The Science and Technology Festival)圆满成功。假如你是校报小记者,请根据以下内容写一篇英文报道:

[写作内容]

1. 时间:2009年6月12日下午2∶30

2. 地点:学校体育馆

3. 活动目的:唤起学生对科学研究的兴趣,提高学生动手操作能力

4. 活动内容:了解科学家的生平和最新科技发明,学生科技创作作品展示

5. 活动效果:学生积极参加,受益匪浅。很多同学还表示会认真学习,为祖国的发展贡献自己的力量

[写作要求]

只能用5个句子表达全部内容

[评分标准]

句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。

五、读写任务

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。

Beethoven was told by his music teacher that as a composer, he was hopeless. Walt Disney was fired by a newspaperbecausehe“lacked imagination and had no good ideas”. Thomas Edison was told by his teacher that he was too stupid to learn anything. Basketball legend Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team as a sophomore (高中二年级学生). Charles Darwin did poorly in medical school and would have been a total failure except for his passion for botany. Stephen Spielberg dropped out of high school as a sophomore. He was persuaded to come back and was placed in a class for learning disabled children. He lasted a month and dropped out of school forever.

It was certain that they came across many obstacles preventing them from moving further. However, the people mentioned above have achieved great success and realized their value in their life. What makes them a success? The answer lies in the brilliant qualities they possess.

[写作内容]

1. 以约30个词概括这段短文的内容;

2. 然后以约120个词就“成功的奥秘”为题写一篇短文,内容包括:

(1)你从这篇短文中学到什么道理;

(2)请以你或他人的经历,说明这个道理。

[写作要求]

1. 概括要点和使用阅读材料中的实例时,不得直接引用原文中的句子;

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]

概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,篇章连贯。

答案与解析

一、完形填空

本文阐述了这样一个道理:只有不畏惧失败,才可以获得成功。

1. B。search the Web或 surf the Internet,意思为“上网冲浪”。

2. A。此处success与原文开头的fail相对应,意思为“那些给我们留下这些东西的革新者需要在数不清的失败中寻找通往成功的道路”。

3. B。没有人喜欢失败,但聪明的革新者会从失败中学习经验。

4. D。“own...to...”意思为“把……归功于”。

5. C。你失败仅仅是因为你放弃。quit在此表示“放弃”。

6. D。通过句中的persistence,可知“坚持”是一种品质(quality)。

7. A。通过下文“he could not get his shoes from the repair shop”可得知,Walt Disney当时没有鞋穿。shoeless表示 “不穿鞋的, 赤脚的”。

8. C。根据下文,“so broke after a succession of financial failures that...”可知道Walt Disney当时的处境是broke(身无分文),因此负担不起修鞋费。afford表示 “负担得起费用(损失、后果等)”。

9. A。likewise表示“同样地”,此处列举的两个例子有着相同之处。

10. C。eventually“最终地”。

二、语法填空

本文是关于中国科学家秦大河被授予国际气象组织奖的报道。

11. the。表特指用定冠词the。

12. As。表示“作为”。

13. to cross。在“the first +名词”后作定语,通常用不定式。

14. gathered。因evidence与gather是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语。

15. frequently。修饰动词词组“go to extremes”,用副词。

16. Therefore/Thus。前后是因果关系。

17. that。固定搭配:such ...that。

18. He。由also一词判断,使用代词he指代前文Hui Liangyu。

19. but。固定搭配:not only...but。

20. that。句型:“There is no doubt that...”,其中that引导同位语句型。

三、阅读理解

本文讲述的是科学家们对“宇宙大爆炸”实验的不同看法。

21.C。作者意图题。本文作者客观介绍了科学家们对“宇宙大爆炸”实验的看法,B项最符合文意,其他选项主观、片面。

22. B。词义猜测题。可根据词形变换判断:stimulate的意思是“刺激”,stimulating(现在分词)表示“刺激的”。通过句子“it means that we understand less than we thought about nature”可判断作者对此实验结果的态度是肯定的,只有选项B是含有“褒”意。

23.C。细节理解题。选项C可在原文第3段找到答案。选项A不符合文意(根据原文第1段),选项B在文中没有提及,选项D只是科学家的猜想,不一定是事实(根据原文倒数第2段)。

24.A。主旨概括题,通过谚语概括文章大意。A项意思是“事物都有着(正反)两面性”,表明“宇宙大爆炸”实验既有利也有弊,符合原文意思。

25. D。推理判断题。文章只列举科学家对实验结果的猜测,但实验结果仍无人知晓,并且是不可预计的(unexpected),因此选D。选项A能在原文第2段直接找到,不属于推理判断得出的。选项B、C在文中没有提及。

四、基础写作

In order to arouse students interest in science and research and to improve their practical skills, our school successfully held a Science and Technology Festival in the stadium at 2∶30pm on June 12th, 2009. In the festival, students were provided with the chances to know more about the life experiences of the scientists and the latest inventions as well. Moreover, the products invented by our students were on exhibition at the same time. Students took an active part in such a meaningful activity that they benefited a lot. Many students showed their determination that they would spare no efforts to equip themselves with knowledge in order to make contributions to the development of their motherland.

五、读写任务

The passage tells us that despite facing obstacles and failures, many people with their distinct qualities were able to overcome difficulty and eventually realized their goals and achieved success.

Greatly inspired by the article, I learn that one will finally succeed if he acquires the quality of persistence. As the saying goes, God helps those who help themselves. Success will only belong to those who are strong-willed and determined.

Country born and country bred, my cousin Jackie was poor at English study, oral English in particular. He was always the one laughed at by the fellow students in class. However, he didnt give up. On the contrary, everyday he kept listening to the tape so as to imitate the standard pronunciation and practise his English orally. As was expected, he got rid of his terrible accent and even won the first prize in the English Oral Contest of our school.

All in all, with a strong will in mind, one is preparing himself on the way to success.

责任编校 蒋小青