Ｕｎｉｔｓ５—６教材内容重难点剖析

安壮壮

Unit 5

1.What are they trying to persuade you to buy?

它们正在试图说服你去买什么？

persuade vt.

(1)表示结果，即“说服了”，若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作常用try to persuade,也可用advise来表示。如：

I tried to persuade/advised him to start early but he didnt listen.

我劝说他早点儿动身，可他就是不听。

(2)表示“说服某人做(不做）某事”，其结构为“persuade sb. (not)to do sth.”或“persuade sb. into (out of) doing sth.”。如：

He persuaded me to do that.=He persuaded me into doing that.

他说服我去做那件事。

高考试题赏析

There is nothing more I can try ____ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.

A. being persuaded B. persuading

C. to be persuaded D. to persuade

赏析：I can try ____ you to stay为定语从句，修饰先行词nothing，省略了作try宾语的关系代词that,选项to persuade在定语从句中作目的状语。答案：D

[发散思维]persuasion n.说服,劝说，信服 persuasive adj.有说服力的，令人信服的

辨析：persuade与convince

persuade和convince两者均为 “说服”，前者着重感情上的“督促，劝告”，后者着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”，两者结构相同。persuade(convince)sb. that/of sth.意为“说服某人……”。

He persuaded me that it was not worth buying.

他说服我说那东西不值得买。

高考试题赏析

Scientists are convinced ____ the positive effect of laughter ____ physical and mental health.

A. of; at B. by; in C. of; on D. on; at

赏析：be convinced of sth.“坚信……”；the effect on sth.“对于……的影响”；由此搭配形式可知C项正确。答案：C

2.She is not sure which brand she should buy, so she has asked you to listen to ads from different companies.

她不确定应该买哪个品牌，所以她请你去听来自不同公司的广告。

which在此作定语，修饰brand。which brand she should buy为宾语从句。

should是情态动词，是shall的过去式，意为“将，会，应该”。

[链接]should的特殊用法：

(1)表示语气较强的假设。如：

If he should fail to come, ask Comrade Chen to work in his place.

万一他不来，就叫陈同志代替他的职位。

Should it rain tomorrow/If it should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 万一明天下雨，会议将会延期。

(2)表示可能性、推测或推论，意为“可能，应该”。如：

They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.

他们这时应该到北京了。

The North Lake should be beautiful, but it is now heavily polluted.

北湖本应当非常漂亮的，但是现在被严重污染了。

(3)表示委婉、谦逊，意为“可，倒是”。如：

I should think so. 我倒是这样认为的。

(4)可与why, who, how等连用，表示意外、惊异等，有“竟会”之意。如：

Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么来得这么晚？

高考试题赏析

____ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A. Would you be B. Should you be

C. Could you be D. Might you be

赏析：该题考查虚拟语气。句意为“如果你被解雇，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消”。与将来事实相反的假设，可用should,不可用would,could, might。答案：B

注意：“should+完成式”表示“本应该怎样而未怎样”，“should not+完成式”表示“本不应该怎样而怎样了”。

高考试题赏析

——My cats really fat.

——You ____ have given her so much food.

A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt

赏析：本题考查情态动词。句意“我的猫真胖。”“你本不应该给它那么多食物。” shouldnt have done sth. 本不应该做某事(暗含已经做了)。答案：C

3.The development of radio, television and other media has gone hand in hand with the development of advertising.

广播、电视和其他媒体与广告业同步发展。

hand in hand手拉手，联合；连在一起地

[开放思维]face to face 面对面shoulder by shoulder肩并肩side by side并排

with the development of advertising 随着广告的发展

With the time going on, it is becoming warmer and warmer.

随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和。

go with与……同行

Ill go with you. 我将和你一起去。

[链接]go with 与……相配

Her hat goes well with her dress. 她的帽子和裙子很相配。

4.Customers see so many ads every day that advertisers must work hard to get their message across.

消费者每天看到大量的广告，因此广告商必须使出浑身解数使消费者明白他们的意图。

get across使……被理解；通过

He found it difficult to get his Chinese humour across to an English audience. 他发现自己的中国式幽默很难为英国听众所理解。

The policeman is getting the children across the street.

警察正带领孩子们过马路。

Please get your idea across to the students.

请让学生们理解你的想法。

[开放思维]

get about 走动；旅行 get abroad 传开来

get along/on with 与……相处；进展 get at到达；够得着；了解，掌握

get away 离开(某地)，逃脱 get back 回来，恢复，取回

get behind 落后 get by 通过

get down 下来；写下；使情绪低落 get down to着手做，开始认真做

get in touch with 与某人联系；接触 get into进入；养成……习惯

get off 下车(船、飞机、马)，取下 get on上(车、船、飞机、马、自行车)

get rid of除掉，摆脱 get to到达

get together 聚首，碰头 get up起床；站起；装扮；钻研

get over 爬过墙；克服(困难、偏见)；做完(不愉快的事)；恢复；让……理解

get through接通电话；通过(议案、考试)；完成；度过

高考试题赏析

——How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?

——Well, I ____ somehow.

A. get along B. come on C. watch out D. set off

赏析：该题考查动词短语辨析。get along/on表示“过活，设法度过”。如：We can get along without your help.意为“没有你的帮助，我们仍然可以继续过活”。除此，get along还有“进展，相处”等意。come on“取得进步，进展”；watch out“当心，小心”；set off“出发，动身，使爆炸”。答案：A

If we can ____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.

A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off

赏析：A项“偶遇”；B项“克服(困难等)”；C项“来访”；D项“下车”。句意为“如果我们能克服目前的困难，那么一切都会好起来的”。答案：B

5.For that reason, companies spend large amounts of money employing advertisers. 为此，公司花大笔的钱雇用广告商。

spend是及物动词，主语必须是表示“人”的名词或代词，常用于sb. spend(s) money on sth./ in doing sth.或sb. spend(s) time on sth./(in) doing sth.。

I spent 180 yuan on the bike. 买这辆自行车我花了180元。

He spends a lot of money (on) buying books. 他花了很多钱买书。

高考试题赏析

——Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?

——As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ____.

A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write

赏析：spend time doing sth.花时间做某事。as引导定语从句，修饰time, does代替前面的spends，因此B项正确。答案：B

辨析：cost, pay, charge与offer

这几个词都表示“花费(金钱)”，但用法不一样。

(1)cost是以“物，事”为主语，常用于sth. cost (sb.) some money结构。

The coat cost her 20 yuan. 这件外套花了她20元。

注意：cost无被动语态。

(2)pay用于付款给别人，付一个账单或者付几笔款项等，它是及物动词，宾语可以是表示“人”或“钱”的名词或代词。

Yesterday he paid off the money he owed. 他昨天还清了欠款。

(3)charge指收取别人多少钱，主语为人或旅馆等。

The hotel charged me ￡10 for a room for the night.

那家旅馆一间房一晚向我收费10英镑。

(4)offer出价，开价；提供；出售；“人”作主语。

We offered him the house for ￡1000.

我们要价1000英镑卖给他那幢房子。

[比较]We offered him ￡1000 for the house.

我们出价1000英镑买他那幢房子。

高考试题赏析

——If you like I can do some shopping for you.

——Thats a very kind ____.

A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion

赏析：该题考查名词辨析。offer“提议，提供，提出”；service“服务”；point“点”；suggestion“建议”，由前一句可知应选A项。答案：A

6.The best chance to reach customers is to appeal to their emotions. 接近消费者的最好机会是迎合消费者的情感。

appeal to投合(兴趣或心愿)；吸引，引起兴趣

The idea appealed to his father. 这主意很合他爸爸的心愿。

How did the course appeal to you? 你觉得这门课程有趣吗？

She is very pretty, but that kind of face doesnt appeal to me.

她很漂亮，但那种美并不吸引我。

to reach customers为不定式作定语；to appeal to their emotions为不定式作表语。不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等，并且有进行式。

He is a very nice person to work with.

他是一个很好共事的人。(不定式作定语)

The ads sometimes seem to be selling them what money can not buy.

有时候广告看起来是在向他们卖金钱买不到的东西。(不定式进行式作表语)

It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 学会一门外语不容易。(不定式作真正主语，it作形式主语)

He refused to lend me his bike. 他拒绝借给我自行车。(不定式作宾语)

Its very cold. He cant get his car to run.

天很冷，他的车发动不起来。(不定式作宾补)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.

他们搬起石头砸自己的脚。(不定式作状语)

高考试题赏析

He hurried to the booking office only ____ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

赏析：该题考查“only+不定式”的用法。此短语用于指“随即发生的事，尤指使人惊讶、失望的事情”。句意为“他匆匆忙忙赶到售票处，却被告知票已全部售完”。tell的逻辑主语是he，它们之间构成动宾关系。答案：B

When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____ for a space flight.

A. training B. being trained C. to have trainedD. to be trained

赏析：本题考查非谓语动词。作目的状语时用不定式，而不用分词，首先排除A、B两项；另外he承受train这一动作，应用被动语态，故D项正确，排除C项。答案：D

7.Many governments use ad campaigns to make people aware of social problems and government policies.

许多政府部门也采用广告作宣传，以使人民关注社会问题和政府的政策。

make people aware of中的aware of相当于形容词，作make的宾补，make后可加形容词、名词、不定式(省略to)、现在分词、过去分词等作它的宾补。

Therefore advertising, instead of making a product more expensive, often makes it cheaper.

因此，广告没有使产品更贵，反而常常使它更便宜。

We must make it known to the public that the pollution is very terrible. 我们必须让公众知道，污染太严重了。

By 1820 the population of New York has grown to about 125,000, making it the largest city in the USA.

到1820年纽约的人口大约已增加到12.5万， 这使它成为美国人口最多的城市。

She was made to repeat the whole story.

她被迫把整个故事又讲了一遍。

高考试题赏析

My parents have always made me ____ about myself, even when I was twelve.

A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good

赏析：make sb. do sth.让某人做某事，故用动词原形feel作宾补；feel作系动词，后跟形容词作表语；well作形容词讲时，意为“身体健康”，不合题意。答案：D

8.It is not always easy to spot a bad ad, but there are a few things we can look out for.

要识别坏广告并不总是一件容易的事，但也还有些情况是我们可以提防的。

look out for当心，小心；其中for不能省略，we can look out for前省略了引导词that, that在定语从句中作for的宾语。

[开放思维]

look out 当心look out for(后加宾语) 当心什么东西look out of向外看

Look out!There is a car coming!当心！有汽车过来了！

Look out for bones. 小心骨头(扎嘴)。

Dont look out of the window during class.

上课期间，请不要向窗外看。

[链接]

同义短语：look out, take care, be careful, watch out, look out for=watch out for

高考试题赏析

I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come.

A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which

赏析：该题考查“介词+关系代词”构成的定语从句。本题中的介词应根据定语从句中的动词come来确定。定语从句应为she had come from thedirection, 因此此处填from which。答案：D

9.First of all, we should always keep an eye out for “hidden information”. 首先，我们要警惕“隐藏的信息”。

keep an eye out意思为“当心，警惕”。如：

Keep an eye out!Were close to his farm.

小心点，我们到他的农场了。

We should keep an eye out for thieves. 我们要防范扒手。

10.If the ads provide accurate information, they also help the average consumer to find the right product at the best price. 如果广告所提供的信息是准确的，那么它们也可帮助一般的消费者以最优惠的价格买到最合适的产品。

at the best price 以最优惠的价格

price n.价钱，价格；代价，价值；v.给……定价，给……标价

They sell their products at a high/low price.

他们以高价/低价出售他们的产品。

Well sell the books at the cost price. 我们将以成本价卖掉这些书。

It must be done at any price. 不惜任何代价必须把它做好。

This pair of shoes is priced 500 yuan. 这双鞋定价500元。

What is the price of this camera?=How much is this camera?

这个照相机多少钱？

[开放思维]

at a low/high/best price以低/高/最好价

at the price of (付出)……的代价；牺牲

pay a high price for 为……付出很高代价

fetch a good price可售得好价钱

above/beyond/without price 无价之宝

make a price 开价，定价

at any price 无论花多少钱，无论如何

[发散思维]priceless adj. 无价的，贵重的(反义词:worthless一文不值的)

高考试题赏析

If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ____.

A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices

赏析：knock 20 pence off the price指“从原价中减去20 pence”。答案：C

Unit 6

11.To go on till you succeed is what life is all about.

坚持下去直到你成功，生活就是如此。

to go on till you succeed此不定式短语在句中作主语。如：

To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

To decide what to do at this time is very difficult.

此刻决定做什么是很难的。

It was very easy to decide which car to buy because there was only one left. 决定买哪辆车很容易，因为就剩下一辆了。

[链接]不定式的其他用法：

(1)用作表语。 如：

My wish is to be a teacher. 我的理想是当一名教师。

(2)用作宾语。如：

I regret to tell you we cant lend you any money.

我怀着歉意告诉你，我们不能把钱借给你。

He tried to write better. 他尽量写好些。

高考试题分析

The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ____.

A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard

赏析：本题考查非谓语动词。struggle to do sth.努力做某事。又因I与hear之间存在被动关系，故应用不定式的被动语态。答案：A

(3)用作定语。如：

He was the last person to leave the room.

他是最后一个离开房间的人。

in days to come在未来的日子里

(4)用作状语。如：

They came to see us. 他们来看我们。

To sleep late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.

为了下午能多睡一会儿，鲍勃关上了闹铃。

what引导表语从句，并在从句中作about的宾语。如：

What we cant get seems much better than what we have.

我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好得多。

12.Apply the following statements to yourself.

将下列陈述应用于你自己身上验证一下。

apply…to…把……应用于……。如：

Apply some medicine to his wound. 在他的伤口上涂一些药。

This rule cannot be applied to every case.

这项规定并非适用于每一案件。

[开放思维]apply oneself to致力于 apply ones mind to专心于 apply for申请

13.I dont lose heart when I fail to do something.

当做某件事失败了，我并不会灰心。

lose heart丧失勇气/信心，相当于lose courage。

I used to dig the garden every week, but I lost heart when the rain washed all the plants away.

我以前总爱每周在花园翻土，但雨水把植物全部冲走后，我就丧失信心了。

[开放思维]lose ones heart (to)倾心于be in love with sb.爱上某人

fail to do sth.fail in doing sth.意为“没能做成某事”。如：

The car failed to climb the hill. 这部小汽车无法爬上这个山坡。

He failed in arriving in time. 他没能及时到达。

[发散思维]failure n.[U]失败，不成功；[C]失败的人(事)

14.You will do better if you take it easy.

如果你不紧张的话，你会做得更好。

take it (things) easy意为“别紧张，慢慢来”。如:

Take it easy, and theres nothing serious.

别紧张，没有什么严重的事。

[开放思维]take ones time按部就班；慢慢来

Take your time, and there is still 15 minutes to go.

别着急，还有15分钟呢。

15.Keep up the good work! 好好干下去！

keep up意为“继续(某事)”。如：

Keep it up; dont stop now!干下去，现在别停下来！

[链接]keep up的其他用法：

(1)使(某事物)居高不下。如：

She keeps up her spirits by singing. 她以唱歌来保持精神高涨。

(2)使(某事物)保持良好状况。如：

How do you keep up this large house? 你如何料理这所大房子？

(3)继续保持下去。如：

Will the fine weather keep up? 好天气会不会继续下去？

(4)(使)不睡觉。如：

——I hope Im not keeping you up. 我希望没有打扰你们上床睡觉。

——No, we often keep up late. 没有，我们常常很晚才睡。

[开放思维]keep away避开，使不得靠近 keep…from 阻止……

keep back抑制；扣除，扣留 keepoff使……离开；使……不接 近

keep out of置身于……之外 keep to遵守；不离开

keep up with不落在……后面 keep (on) doing 一直做，继续做

keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep time守时，按时做……

keep silent保持沉默，保持安静

16.This account of the wonderful land beyond the Rocky Mountains gave him the idea to move there.

这篇关于洛基山脉以外的那片神奇土地的描述使他萌生了移居到那里的想法。

account在句中充当主语，意为“报道，描述”。如：

Give us an account of what happened. 把事情发生的经过告诉我们。

[链接]account还可作“账户”讲。如：

My account is empty. 我的帐户空了。(我账户上的钱都用光了。)

[开放思维]by all accounts 人人都说on account of 由于，因为

take account of=take into account考虑，注意

take no account of 不考虑，不重视

on all accounts/on every account无论如何

on no account 绝不可以

He is a good teacher by all accounts. 人人都说他是一位好老师。

Why did you do it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?

你为什么做那件事？是因为我昨天说的那些话吗？

Your suggestions will be taken into account.

你们的建议会得到考虑的。

On no account must you tell him. 你绝不可以告诉他。

注意：account也可作动词，常与for连用，作“解释”讲。

How can we accout for all these changes?

我们得如何解释这所有的变化呢？

17.By the middle of October we set off for our journey across the continent; a journey of about a year, across more than 2500 miles. 在10月中旬我们启程穿越大陆：那是一次长达1年，行程超过2500英里的旅程。

set off意为“启程，出发”。如：

We set off in search of the lost child. 我们出发去寻找丢失的孩子。

Set off on a trip across Europe. 启程横越欧洲的旅行。

[链接]set off还可作“引起，(使)爆炸”讲。如：

His speech set off a laughter. 他的讲话引起了一阵笑声。

The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.

最轻微的触摸都可能引爆这颗炸弹。

辨析：set off, set out与set about

(1)set off有“启程，出发”的意思，还可作“引起，使爆炸”解。

(2)set out的意思是“开始，着手”，后常接动词不定式。如：

He set out to paint the whole house. 他开始着手粉刷整座房子。

(3)set about的意思也是“开始、着手”，但后常接动名词作宾语。如：

She set about doing some cleaning after breakfast.

她用过早餐后立即着手打扫卫生。

a journey of about a year, across more than 2500 miles在句中充当上文中our journey的同位语，类似的例句还有：

Bill Gates, a household name, is well known for software. 比尔•盖茨，一个家喻户晓的名字，因为软件而成名。（句中划线部分为同位语)

Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.

这就是阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦，一个普通的人，却是20世纪最伟大的科学家。(句中划线部分为同位语)

高考试题赏析

To save class time, our teacher has ____ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.

A. us B. we C. our D. ours

赏析：has后跟复合宾语，其宾语为students,宾补为do…，句中students作us 的同位语。答案：A

18.We traveled by day. At night, when we camped, our wagons were driven to form a circle all around the camp fire.

我们白天赶路。在晚上，当我们扎营后，货车被拉过来在营火周围围成一个圈。

when引导定语从句，修饰at night。

drive在此意为“驱使，迫使”。如：

Pride drove her to succeed. 自尊促使她成功。

to drive someone to drink 迫使某人喝酒

高考试题赏析

____ by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven

赏析：本题考查非谓语动词。句意：受对于蔬菜的更大需求的驱使，农民们建了更多的暖棚。空格处为句子的状语，其逻辑主语为farmers,与drive存在被动关系，故用被动形式。答案：A

19.On November 4, 1846, we entered the desert and soon lost our way. 在1846年11月4日，我们进入了沙漠，不久我们就迷路了。

enter vt. 作“进入”讲时，不与into搭配。如：

Everybody stands up when the judge enters the court.

法官进入法庭时所有人都起立。

[开放思维]enter for参加enter into投身于；成为……的一部分

Many top runners have entered for the race.

许多顶尖的赛跑选手都报名参加了比赛。

He entered into the game with great excitement.

他兴致勃勃地投入比赛。

20.Lying around them were chains, guns, tools, bedding, clothing, and many other articles.

他们周围到处是铁链、枪支、工具、铺盖、衣服和一些其他的东西。

这是一个倒装句。当主语较长时，为避免让人产生头重脚轻的感觉，常将表语或宾语前置，构成倒装。

Under no circumstances will books desert you. 书籍决不会背叛你。

On the top of the hill is/stands a big tree. 山顶上矗立着一棵大树。

In front of the house sat a little boy. 房子前面坐着一个小男孩。

Never was a good job done without great effort.

没有巨大的努力好工作是完不成的。

另外，为了表示强调，把一些否定或半否定的副词或介词短语置于句首，句子也要倒装。这样的词有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, in no case, on no condition, on no account, on no consideration, not until, rarely, not only…, no sooner, neither, nor, in no way。

高考试题赏析

If Joes wife wont go to the party, ____.

A. he will either B. neither will he

C. he neither will D. either he will

赏析：neither引导倒装句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。答案：B