地震度过危难十贴士

1) Most everyone who simply “ducks and covers” WHEN BUILDINGS COLLAPSE are crushed to death. People who get under objects, like desks or cars, are crushed.

2) Cats, dogs and babies often naturally curl up in the fetal position. You should, too, in an earthquake. It is a natural safety/survival instinct.

You can survive in a smaller void. Get next to an object, next to a sofa, next to a large bulky object that will compress slightly but leave a void next to it.

3) Wooden buildings are the safest type of construction to be in during an earthquake. Wood is flexible and moves with the force of the earthquake.

If the wooden building does collapse, large survival voids are created.

Also, the wooden building has less concentrated, crushing weight. Brick buildings will break into individual bricks. Bricks will cause many injuries but less squashed bodies than concrete slabs.

4) If you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs, simply roll off the bed. A safe void will exist around the bed. Hotels can achieve a much greater survival rate in earthquakes, simply by posting a sign on the back of the door of every room telling occupants to lie down on the floor, next to the bottom of the bed during an earthquake.

5) If an earthquake happens and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window, then lie down and curl up in the fetal position next to a sofa or large chair.

6) Most everyone who gets under a doorway when buildings collapse is killed. How? If you stand under a doorway and the doorjamb falls forward or backward you will be crushed by the ceiling above. If the door-jamb falls sideways you will be cut in half by the doorway. In either case, you will be killed!

7) Never go to the stairs. The stairs have a different “moment of frequency” (they swing separately from the main part of the building). The stairs and remainder of the building continuously bump into each other until structural failure of the stairs takes place. The people who get on stairs before they fail are chopped up by the stair treads—horribly mutilated. Even if the building doesnt collapse, stay away from the stairs. The stairs are a likely part of the building to be damaged. Even if the stairs are not collapsed by the earthquake, they may collapse later when overloaded by fleeing people. They should always be checked for safety, even when the rest of the building is not damaged.

8) Get Near the Outer Walls Of Buildings Or Outside Of Them If Possible.

It is much better to be near the outside of the building rather than the interior. The farther inside you are from the outside perimeter of the building the greater the probability that your escape route will be blocked.

9) People inside of their vehicles are crushed when the road above falls in an earthquake and crushes their vehicles; which is exactly what happened with the slabs between the decks of the Nimitz Freeway. The victims of the San Francisco earthquake all stayed inside of their vehicles. They were all killed. They could have easily survived by getting out and sitting or lying next to their vehicles. Everyone killed would have survived if they had been able to get out of their cars and sit or lie next to them. All the crushed cars had voids 3 feet high next to them, except for the cars that had columns fall directly across them.

10) I discovered, while crawling inside of collapsed newspaper offices and other offices with a lot of paper, that paper does not compact. Large voids are found surrounding stacks of paper.

1) 当房屋倒塌时，仅使用“蹲下和掩护”的人几乎都丧生了。躲在如课桌或汽车等物体下的人们，都会被压到。

2) 猫、狗、幼儿在地震中常会自然蜷成胎儿状。在地震中你也应当如此，这是生存本能。

你能在一个小空间里存活。 靠近一个物体，一个沙发，或一个大件等，这类物品在受到略微的挤压后，会在靠着它旁边的地方留下一个空间。

3) 木制房屋在地震中是最安全的建筑物。木质材料韧性强，可随地震的力量摇摆，不易倒塌。

如果木制房屋倒塌了，会留出很大的存活空间。

并且木质材料密度小，重量轻。而砖式房屋会破碎成一块块的砖。虽然砖式房屋会导致很多伤亡，但要比水泥质地的房屋要少。

4) 若地震在晚上发生，而你又在床上时，只要滚下床即可，床的周围会形成一个安全空间。 宾馆中生还的几率会更大一些，这仅通过在门后放一个标记告诉住客在地震中应躺在床底边的地板上即可。

5) 如果地震发生而你无法迅速从门或窗户逃脱时，立刻躺下，蜷成胎儿状，靠在沙发或大椅子旁。

6) 房屋倒塌时，很多在门口的人死了，这是怎么回事？如果你站在门口，而门柱向前或向后倒塌的话，你会被掉下的屋顶压到。如果门柱向侧面倒塌，你会被门柱压住。两种情况下，你都会面临死亡！

7) 不要走楼梯。楼梯与房屋摇晃的频率不同（楼梯会与房屋主体分开摇晃）。 楼梯会与房屋不断发生碰撞，直至楼梯毁损。 在楼梯毁损前上楼梯的人们会因此而受重创实在是十分可怕！即使房屋没有倒塌，也要远离楼梯。楼梯是房屋中容易被毁坏的一个部分。 即使在地震中楼梯没有倒塌，之后也会因超载逃难的人们而崩塌。 人们应经常检查楼梯的安全性，即便房屋的其他部分未被毁坏。

8) 尽可能的靠近房屋的墙的外侧或远离房屋。

比起靠近墙的内侧来，墙的外侧更为安全。越是远离外头、靠近房屋内部，你逃生路线被挡的可能性也就越大。

9) 当地震发生时，车内的人会因从上方砸落的立交公路压到汽车而受伤，这一幕发生在了Nimitz Freeway高速公路上。 San Francisco地震的受害者们都因呆在车内而丧生。 他们本可以下车并靠坐或躺在车旁的。 每一个丧生的人都本可以通过下车并躺坐在车旁生存下来的。所有被压垮的汽车旁边都有一个3英尺高的空间，除非车是被垂直砸穿的。

10) 我发现，在那些堆有很多纸的报社或者其他办公室中，倒塌后的情况会好一些。因为纸头柔软抗冲击，所以在大堆纸旁边会形成很大的空间。