Ｕｎｉｔｓ３—４考点搜索
2008-09-08刘雨凡
刘雨凡
1.What do you have to consider before you decide which means of transportation you will use?
1)consider在句中意为“考虑”。
consider doing考虑做……
That country considered making electricity from heat.
那个国家曾考虑利用热能发电。
consider sb.(to be)…认为某人……
We all considered him(to be)honest. 我们都认为他很诚实。
They considered Carter to be a great president. 他们认为卡特是一位伟大的总统。
consider sb. to have done
认为某人已经做过……
Jones was considered to have stolen Johns bike. 有人认为琼斯偷了约翰的自行车。
They all considered me to have bought a new cellphone. 他们都认为我买了一部新手机。
consider…as…把……认为/看作……
We consider Yang Liwei as one of the greatest astronauts in our country. 我们认为杨利伟是我们国家最优秀的宇航员之一。
Pop fans considered the album as the top one of the year. 流行歌迷认为这张专辑为年度第一。
2)means意为“方法；手段；工具”，属于单复数同形的词。可作单数也可作复数，但作单数比作复数更普遍。
All means have been tried to stop the flood coming into the village. 为阻止洪水进入村庄人们想尽一切办法。(means前用all修饰，谓语用复数)
You must stop the murderer by all means. 你们必须不惜一切阻止凶手(再作案)。
Every means has been tried to save the boy. 为救这个小男孩所有的办法都用了。(means前有every修饰，谓语用单数。)
考点对接
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ____ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
解析：B 句意为：由于失业了，Lucy一直在考虑回学校学习，但还没有决定。所以应用现在完成进行时态表示一直在持续的动作。consider考虑，后接动名词作宾语。
2.People also travel to meet new friends, to try new kinds of food, to experience life in other parts of the world or simply to get away from cold weather.
1)experience可用作动词，意为“体验；有……经验”。
Have you experienced real hunger? 你体验过真正的饥饿吗？
Experiencing pain is as valuable as experiencing pleasure.
经历痛苦和体验快乐一样珍贵。
experience还可以作名词。作不可数名词，意为“经验”，作可数名词,意为“经历”。
Our journey was quite an unforgettable experience. 我们的旅行可谓是一段难忘的经历。
Experience comes from practice.
经验来源于实践。
考点对接
Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience.
A. 不填； the B. 不填； an
C. an； an D. the； the
解析：C根据句意“从一万英尺高空的飞机上跳下是一次非常令人激动的体验”判断experience应为可数名词，所以第二空要加不定冠词an。第一空加不定冠词an表泛指。
3.Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants.
1)watch out(for)=look out(for)意为“当心；提防”。
Watch out for that man.
要提防那个人。
Watch out!Theres a car coming. 当心！有车来了！
辨析：watch out； look out； take care； be careful
这些短语意思相近，用法相似。都可以单独使用，以提醒对方注意。
Watch out/Look out!A car is running at you. 小心！一辆车正向你冲来。
Take care/Be careful! The pans hot. 当心！锅很烫。
take care, be careful都可接不定式的否定形式和从句。
You have to be careful not to hit rocks, trees and other dangers.
你必须小心，避免撞到礁石、树木和其他危险物上。
Do be careful/take care not to break the jar. 千万当心不要打破这个罐子。
Take care that you should finish the job ahead of time. 注意你们应该提前完成这件工作。
Be careful how you start the machine.怎样开动这部机器要多加注意。
2)danger名词，意为“危险”。词组be in danger意为“处在危险中”；out of danger意为“脱离危险”。danger具体指危险的人或物时是可数名词。形容词是dangerous；副词是dangerously。
The tiger is in danger.
老虎处在危险中。
The tiger is a danger to us. (The tiger is dangerous to us.) 老虎对我们来说是危险的动物。
考点对接
——____ for the glass!
——Its OK. Im wearing shoes.
A. Look out B. Walk out
C. Go out D. Set out
解析：A look out for=watch out for当心，为固定短语。句意：当心那些玻璃！
4.The name “whitewater” comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
1)that the water in these streams and rivers looks white…是一个同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如idea， news， fact, promise等)的后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连词that一般不省略。
The news that our basketball team has won was really exciting.
我们篮球队获胜的消息确实太令人兴奋了。
The fact that he was against our plan surprised us all. 他反对我们的方案这一事实使得大家大为惊讶。
2)come from是“来自于……，来源于……”的意思。
The word “cent” in American money came from old French. 美币中的cent来源于古法语。
考点对接
There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ____.
A. that; to be improved
B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving
D. when; improving
解析：A 第一空是that引导的同位语从句，来解释problem的内容。第二个空是need后加doing或to be done的形式。
5.Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days time.
1)in a few days time=in a few days表示“几天以后”，介词in后接表示时间的名词，意为“过多少时间，在……之后”，通常与一般将来时连用。
He will be back in an hours time/in an hour.
一小时之后他将回来。
after也可以表示一段时间之后，但常用于过去时态；如果用于将来时态，后面常跟某一点时间或某项活动。
He returned the book after a week. 他一周之后就还了书。
有关in的其他短语：
in advance 事前;预先
in any case 不管怎样
in other words
换言之；换句话说
in spite of尽管
in the long run 从长远来说；最后
2)separate
adj. 单独的；分离的；个别的。
There are many separate rooms in this hotel. 这个宾馆有很多单间。
vt. & vi. 使……分开，使……脱离；分手。separate…from…把……与……分开。
A garden separates this house from the next. 这个花园把这座房子和那座分开了。
They walked a mile together and then separated. 我们一起走了一英里，然后就分开了。
辨析：divide与separate
divide意为“划分”，着重指将整体分成若干部分，其后往往搭配介词into; separate意为“分隔”，往往指把原来结合在一起或混合在一起的分开或隔离。
The world is divided into five continents. 世界分为五大洲。
Bob will separate the bad apples from the good ones. Bob要把坏苹果与好苹果分开来。
考点对接
Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have ____ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolated B. separated
C. divided D. removed
解析：B isolate意为“孤立，隔离”，如：He felt entirely isolated from society. 他觉得自己完全与社会隔离了。separate意为“分离，分开”，强调把原来分开的东西隔开。divide强调把整体分成部分。remove则表示“移开，移走，去除”。Would you please remove the books from my desk?你能把书从我的桌子上移开吗？根据题干是给一岁大的连体双胞胎做分离手术，故应选择B为正确答案。
6.Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
1)protect通常用作及物动词，与defend同义，意思是“保卫、保护”，常见短语protect sb. from…表示“保护某人免受……”。
We should protect the children.
我们应该保护儿童。
The soldiers built a high wall to protect themselves from attack by the enemy.
士兵们修筑高墙为的是保护他们免受敌人的袭击。
2)辨析put on, wear, have on, in和with
(1)put on意思是“穿，戴”，指动作，其反义词是take off。
He put on his glasses to read the newspaper. 他戴上眼镜看报纸。
He put on his coat and went out quickly. 他穿上大衣然后迅速走了出去。
(2)wear vt.表示状态，“穿着，戴着”的意思。
She was wearing the coat I bought for her. 她穿着我给她买的大衣。
We shouldnt judge a person only by the clothes he wears. 我们不能仅仅以貌取人。
(3)have on指状态，“穿着，戴着”，不能用在进行时中。
I dont know the man who has a black coat on. 我不认识那个穿黑外套的人。
(4)in指状态，后面可以跟衣服，也可以跟颜色。
Charlie was always in his old black jacket at that time. 那时候查里总是穿着那件黑色旧上衣。
All the girls are in red. 姑娘们都穿着红衣服。
The man with gold glasses is his father. 戴金色眼镜的人是他的父亲。
考点对接
At the north pole, they must wear warm clothes to ____ themselves ____ the cold.
A. stop; from
B. keep; from
C. protect; from
D. prevent; from
解析：C protect…from…保护……免遭……；stop/keep/prevent…from…阻止某人做……。
7.As with hiking， you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.
1)as with意为“正如……一样”，相当于as is the case with。
相关短语：
as for=as to至于，说明；as follows如下；as good as几乎已经，实际已经；as it is(was)根据现在情况看，就以现在样子；as a whole总的来说；as usual像平常一样
As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing this job. 正如画画一样，在做这份工作时，你应该耐心细致。
考点对接
____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
解析：B as“正如，正像”，关系代词，指代后面分句的内容，引导一个非限制性定语从句。
8.Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.
as well as是并列连词，意为“不仅……而且……；既……又……”。
The girl is lively as well as healthy. 这个女孩既健康又活泼。
I read German as well as French. 我不仅读法语而且读德语。
as well as与not only…but also…不同。A as well as B的意思是“不但B而且A”，其重点是前者，而不在后者。not only A but also B则强调后者，可按词序翻译为“不但A而且B”，谓语与but also后的主语一致。
She is clever as well as beautiful. =She is not only beautiful but also clever. 她不仅漂亮而且聪明。
as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与as well as前面的那个名词或代词的人称和数相一致。
Your brother as well as you is very kind to me. 你和你哥哥都对我很好。
解析：as well as和as well
as well as中第二个as常省去，意为“同样地，也”(just as much)。
I can hear you quite as well when you speak softly. (省去as I can hear you when you speak loudly)
你轻声说我也同样听得见。
I can do it as well (as you can). 我也能做。
as well=too 位于句中或句末。
Wang has expressed his support. I, as well/too, will do what I can for you. 王已表示支持，我也会尽力帮你。
The teacher as well as the students was moved by the film.=The students as well as the teacher were moved by the film.
=Not only the teacher but also the students were moved by the film. 老师和学生都被这部电影打动了。
与as well as用法相同的还有as much as, with, like, together with, but, except, besides, including, rather than, in addition to, 句中谓语动词的单复数都取决于前面的名词或代词的单复数。
考点对接
Mr Brown, as well as his family ____ leaving for France for the festival.
A. is B. are
C. will be D. have been
解析：A as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应与as well as前面的那个名词或代词在人称和数上相一致。is leaving是现在进行时表示将来的动作；C项错，正确形式应为will leave。
9.On October 17th, 1989 a strong earthquake took place and killed over 100 people.
1)在特定的某一日或特定的某日的上、下午或晚上要用on，而泛指在上、下午或晚上时常用介词in。
on Friday, on the night of October lst, on a sunny morning, on ones birthday, etc.
2)take place和happen的区别
take place多指“（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生。” 还有“举行”之意；而happen多强调偶然发生的事件。take place和happen都不能用于被动语态。
An accident happened in the street this morning. 今天早上在这条街道上发生了一起事故。
The lecture takes place in our school hall next Friday. 讲座于下星期五在我们学校礼堂举行。
考点对接
The accident is reported to have occurred ____ the first Sunday in February.
A. at B. on
C. in D. to
解析：B 由于题干中the first Sunday为某一日，故选介词on, on常置于某一日前或带有修饰语的表示早、中、晚的词前面。例如：on a stormy afternoon
10.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep.
1)可数名词+after+可数名词，按语法规则，在句子中单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Year after year he visits his teachers. 他年年去拜访他的老师。
Bus after bus passed by.
公共汽车一辆接着一辆地过去了。
相似短语：
day after day 日复一日
time after time 再三
hour after hour 一小时又一小时地
2)cut down砍倒；降低(费用),减小(数量)
I am going to cut this tree down. 我打算砍倒这棵树。
I dont know how to cut down the expenses.
我不知道怎样降低费用。
关于cut的短语：
cut in打断(谈话),插嘴;cut into something切开某物；cut off切去(尤指尖端部分)，剪掉；cut up切碎；cut something to pieces切碎。
Dont cut in the conversation so rudely and let her finish. 不要那样粗鲁地插嘴，让她说完。
Mary cut into her birthday cake and everybody clapped. 玛丽切开她的生日蛋糕，大家鼓掌庆贺。
Dont cut your fingers off.
不要把你的手指切掉了。
3)must have done表示对过去发生的事情作肯定的推测。
Why isnt he here? He must have missed the train. 他为什么不在这里？他一定是没坐上火车。
He must have watched TV last night, because he looks tired. 他昨晚一定看电视了，因为他看起来很疲惫。
He must stay at home now.
他现在肯定在家。
He must be in the reading room now. 他现在肯定在阅览室。
考点对接
——Tom is never late for
work. Why is he absent
today?
——Something ____ to him.
A. must happen
B. should have happened
C. could have happened
D. must have happened
解析：D must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推断，意为“过去一定做了某事”。A表示对现在或未来事情的肯定推测；B意为“本应该发生”；C意为“可能已经发生”，口气不太肯定，由于前一句意为“汤姆上班从未迟到过”，因此判断他今天缺席一定是因为出了什么事了。
11.It didnt take long before the wooden building was destroyed by the fire.
1)It didnt take/wasnt long before…不久就……，相当于before long。
2)It took/was long before…过了很久才……。
It took long before the fire was put out. 过了很久才把大火扑灭。
3)It will take/be long before…要过很久才……。
It will take long before the new library building is built up. 要过很久新图书大楼才能建成。
It wont take/be long before…不久就会……，同样相当于before long。
It wont take long before some American friends come to visit our new school.
不久就会有一些美国朋友来参观我们的新学校。
4)long before意为“很久以前”。
He said he had been there long before.他说自己很久以前去过那里。
before long意为“不久以后”。
He will be back before long.
他不久就会回来。
考点对接
It ____ long before we ____ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be; will know
B. is; will know
C. will not be; know
D. is; know
解析：C 本题考查“It be+时间+before从句”结构中时态的运用。在此句型中，如果主句是将来时，before引导的从句用一般现在时。
