词汇考查的题型特点及解题方法

刘　鹏

一、题型特点

词汇考查是中考题型之一，综观近几年英语中考试题，词汇考查在命题上体现了“词不离句”的原则；题型也由原来的单一化转向多元化。主要有以下考查形式：

1.从题目所给选项中选出可替换句中划线部分的最佳选项。如：

Life is changing all the time. We dont know what will happen at times. (A)

A. sometimes B. sometime C. some times D. some time

2.根据英文解释，完成单词拼写，使句意完整正确。（单词首字母已给出。）如：

W____ (make clean with water) your hands before meals and take good care of yourself. (Wash)

3.根据句意完成已给出首字母提示的单词，使句子完整通顺。如：

Fighting a____ terror, the people around the world are all looking forward to peace. (against)

4.根据句意完成已给出汉语提示的单词，使句子完整通顺。如：

____ (安全) is the most important thing at the moment. (Safety)

5.根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。如：

People all over the world are trying hard to do something ____ (usual) to make a recorder, which will be kept in the Guinness Books of Records （《吉尼斯世界记录大全》）.(unusual)

6.根据句子意思，在句子的空白处填入一个适当的词，使句子意思完整，语法正确。如：

Our government has cared for agriculture(农业), ____ and farmers for a long time.(countryside)

二、解题方法

1.了解构词法，把好词汇关

在平时的学习中，同学们要根据英语构词法（合成、派生、转化）知识掌握单词的各种形式。只记单词的词义和拼写是不够的，还要知道其词性、固定搭配和句式结构。如safe一词，在学习过程中应做到：

第一步：掌握词性间的转换：safety n.→safe adj.→safely adv.

第二步：做到“词不离句”。如：

a. A car was coming quickly, and the boy was too frightened to move. Edison rushed out and carried the boy to safety.

b. Its not safe to play with fire.

c. The plane landed safely.

2.选准单词的正确形式

名词要考虑单复数、是否可数、所有格形式等。如：

a. My grandparents like ____(蔬菜) very much, so they grow some in their ____ （蔬菜） garden every year. （vegetables, vegetable）

b. At the age of 21, Liu Xiang became the first Chinese man to win a gold medal in the ____（男子）110-meter hurdles（跨栏）. He almost made a new world record （世界纪录）！(mens)

动词要考虑以下形式：原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式、过去分词、动名词、不定式。如：

a. Youd better ____ (go) to work on time. (go)

b. Please tell me what c____ sandstorms. (causes)

c. If everyone makes a contribution to p____ the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. (protecting)

d. The sun is s____brightly. Its a sunny day. (shining)

e. His job is ____ (feed) animals. (to feed)

数词要确定用基数词还是序数词。如：

a. The ____ (五) Germans live on the ____ (五) floor. (five, fifth)

b. ____(四分之三) of the workers in the factory are women. (Three-fourths /Three quarters)

代词要注意各类代词的不同用法。如：

a. We can do the work all by ____(we). (ourselves)

b. This is your bag. ____(I) is blue. (Mine)

c. These are ____(they) shoes. Please put ____(they) away. (their, them)

d. You can make e____ Tom or Mike go there, but one of them must stay at home. (either)

形容词与副词要考虑其基本用法与比较级、最高级。如：

a. We must listen to the teacher ____ (care). (carefully)

b. Dictionaries are ____ (help) for us in our study. (helpful)

c. She looks ____ （happy） and smiles ____ (happy). (happy, happily)

d. Mary dances ____ (well) than Lucy and she dances ____ (well) in her class. (better, best)

另外，还要注意各类同义词（短语）和反义词（短语）的用法等。如：

Don?蒺t ____ the door; please pull it. (push)

3.检查拼写，确保正确无误

答题时书写要工整。最后要检查单词的拼写，确保准确无误。

以上是答题时需要注意的一些问题。除此之外，在中考复习阶段，还要有针对性地进行“词汇考查”的专项练习。把平时的学习和备考结合起来，相信大家会取得好成绩。