Ｉｔ的用法归纳

左爱霞

研究2006-2007近两年的高考试卷可以发现含it的句型年年考到。可见it句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。根据其用法特点可归纳为20个句型。

1．It is+被强调的部分+that…

该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在It is之后,句子剩余的部分放在that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把It is…that去掉后，剩余的应该仍然是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是强调句型与其它从句的区分方法。

It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

It was they that (who) cleaned the classroom yesterday.

2．It is not until+被强调的部分+that…

该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调until引导的时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是not…until…的强调形式。

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.

=I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

3．It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain…) that…

该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，常译为“清楚（显然，真的，可能,肯定……）”是主语从句中最常见的一种结构。

It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.

=That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.

4．It is important (necessary, right, strange, natural…) that…

该句型和上一句型属同一个句型。由于主句中形容词不同，that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省略。请记住该句型中的形容词。

It is important that we (should) learn English well.

It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.

5．It is said (reported, learned…) that…

该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“据说（据报道，据悉……）”。

It is said that he has come to Beijing.

It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.

6．It is suggested (ordered…) that…

该句型和上一句型属同一个句型。主句中的过去分词如果表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可以省略。常译为“据建议；有命令……”）。

It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.

It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in two hours.

7．It is a pity (a shame…) that…

该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。

It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.

这种事竟然发生在你们班，真是遗憾！

It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真是遗憾！

8．It is time (high time) that…

该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是:

①常用过去时态表示对现在的虚拟。有时也用should+动词原形，should不能省略。

②用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。常译为“是（正是）……的时候”。

It is time that children should go to bed.

=It is time that children went to bed.

9．It is the first (second…) time that…

该句型要和上一句型区别开来。该句型中的that从句不能用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this替换。常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。

It is the first time I have been here.

=This is the first time I have been here.

10．It is (has been)… since…

It is(has been)后是表示一段时间的短语,since后通常用一般过去式，since后从句如用短暂性动词，表示动作已开始了多长时间了；since后从句如用延续性动词，则表示动作已结束了多长时间了。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father died. 他父亲死了五年了。

It is (has been) 5 years since his father worked here.

他父亲不在这里工作已五年了。

11．It is…when…

该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。

It was 5 oclock when he came here.

12．It be…before…

该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态，主句中的表语多是long, not long, 3 days, 2 weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”或“不久……”。

It was 3 days before he went to Beijing.

It will be not long before he finishes his job.

13．It happens (seems, looks, appears) that…碰巧（看来，看起来……）

该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen, seem等词是不及物动词。

It happened(so happened) that he met his teacher in the street.

It seems that he will be back in a few days.

14．It takes sb.…to do sth.

该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……花费某人……”。

It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall.

15．It is no good (use) doing sth.

该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good, (not any good), no use, (not any use)。

It is no good learning English without speaking English.

16．It doesnt matter whether (if)…

该句型中whether (if)引导的从句是真正的主语，该句型常译为“不论（是否）……没关系……”。

It doesnt matter if they are old.

17．It is kind (of sb.) to do sth.

该句型中的不定式短语是真正的主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有：bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good（好心的）， honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice（有教养的）， polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong（错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth.

It is kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.

18．It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth.

该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起的，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：

①important, necessary, natural ②easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant等。

在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如：

It is important for her to come to the party.

=It is important that she (should) come to the party.

19．It looks (seems) as if…

该句型中it无意义。as if引导一个状语从句。常译为“看起来好象……”。如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。

It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）

It looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）

It seemed as if he were dying.

20．We think it important to learn a foreign language.

该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为“6123结构”。

6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel；

1指的是形式宾语it；

2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；

3指的是真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。

We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.

He felt it important learning English well.

They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.

【练一练】：

1. ____ felt funny watching myself on TV.(2007全国卷Ⅰ)

A. One B. This C. It D. That

2. He didnt make ____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007天津卷)

A. this B. that C. it D. these

3. ——He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

——When was ____?

——____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.(2007浙江卷)

A. that; ThisB. this; It C. it; That D. that; It

4. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than ____.(2007安徽卷)

A. that used to be B. it is used to

C. it was used to D. it used to be

5. I dont mind her criticizing me, but ____ is how she does it that I object to.(2007江西卷)

A. it B. that C. this D. which

6. ——There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ____?

——No, Id rather buy ____ in the bookstore.(2007陕西卷)

A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it

7. ——Have you heard the latest news?(2007全国卷Ⅰ)

——No, what ____?

A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those

8. If I can help ____, I dont like working late into the night.

(2006全国卷)

A. so B. that C. it D. them

9. As the business woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town.(2006湖南卷)

A. this B. that C. one D. it

10. Id appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东卷)

A. that B. it C. this D. you

11. ____ is of belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.(2006浙江卷)

A. As B. That C. This D. It

12. The chairman thought ____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at meeting.(2005 全国卷Ⅰ)

A. that B. it C. this D. him

Key(3)