高考形容词、副词考点分析与突破

张友爱

一、 考纲解读

1． 了解形容词和副词的语法功能；

2． 了解多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序；

3． 掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成形式；

4． 掌握形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的结构和用法；

5． 掌握修饰比较级或最高级的常用的词语；

6． 了解定语形容词和表语形容词的用法以及形容词后置的问题。

二、考点分析

考点1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义

从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。

经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有（按频度排列）：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still; such; surprised; surprising；还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively;

adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better;

but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-ncing; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; otherwise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well

例1： （2007天津） A new _________bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.

A. normal B. usual

C. regular D. common

解析： 答案为C。regular“定期的，有规律的”，与公共汽车服务相搭配，其他三项normal“正常的”，usual“通常的”，common“普通的，常见的”，都与题意不相符。

例2: (2006江西) The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings;_______, it caused 20 deaths.

A. or else B. therefore

C. after all D. besides

解析： 答案是D。本题空白处前后句之间是递进关系。再根据句意中“而且，除此之处……”，选择D选项。A项or else“否则，要不然”表转折关系。B项therefore“因此”表因果关系；C项after all“毕竟”。

【即时巩固练习】

1. （2007江苏） —“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.

—“______,” he answered politely. “This is the only day everyone is available.”

A. Not likely B. Not exactly

C. Not nearly D. Not really

2. （2007湖北） This magazine is very _______with young people, who like its content and style.

A. familiar B. popular

C. similar D. particular

3. （2007湖北） She devoted herself______to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.

A. strongly B. extremely

C. entirely D. freely

4. （2007湖北）He began to take_________ political science only when he left school.

A. strictly B. truly

C. carefully D. seriously

5. （2007湖北） Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a______ environment.

A. peaceful B. sensitive

C. common D. stable

6. （2007上海） Since Tom_________downloaded virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.

A. readily B. horribly

C. accidentally D. irregularly

7. （2007上海） John was dismissed last week because of his_________ attitude towards his job.

A. informal B. casual

C. determined D. earnest

8. （2007天津） The final score of the basketball match was 93—94. We were only_______beaten.

A. nearly B. slightly

C. narrowly D. lightly

9. （2007山东） It is not socially_________for parents to leave children unattended at that age.

A. accessible B. adorable

C. adaptable D. acceptable

10. (2006天津) Fitness is important in sport, but of at least_________ importance are skills.

A. fair B. reasonable

C. equal D. proper

11. (2006广东) I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have_________ heard of her.

A. even B. ever C. just D. never

12. (2006江西) Attention, coffee lovers!We have for you, the best coffee machine______ nvented.

A. ever B. already

C. even D. nowadays

13. (2006福建) Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally_________.

A. friendly B. various

C. common D. changeable

14. (2006湖北) Im certain Davids told you his business troubles.______ , its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank.

A. However B. Anyway

C. Therefore D. Though

15. (2006浙江) Letterboxes are much more_________ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.

A. common B. normal

C. ordinary D. usual

考点2：考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语

【备考清单】

1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围

比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法：

① as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和……一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如……”。例如：

(94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.

The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good.

② as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟……一样”。例如：

(2001全国) Its generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours.

③ 比较级 + than表“比……更”及less ... than表示“不如……”。例如：

This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.

This road is wider than that one.

④ the + 比较级， the + 比较级表示“越……，就越……”。例如：

(93上海) Its believed that the harder you work, the better result youll get.

⑤ the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较……的”。例如：

Who is the younger of the two boys?

⑥比较级 + 比较级(越来越……)。___ 例如：

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

Things became worse and worse from then on.

⑦用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:

The last thing I want to do is to offend you.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。

He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。

He would be the last man to go there.他最不可能到那里去。

2) 使用比较结构应注意的几个问题

① 当相比的两者属于同一个范围或同一类别时，为避免与自身相比要用any other + 单数可数名词或any others或anyone else / anything else，如果不是同一范围或同一类别时就不必用other，直接采用比较对象即可。比如：

She studies harder than anyone else in her class.

She runs faster than any boy in her class.

② 在使用比较结构时还应注意比较的双方应有可比性。例如：

误：There are more students in this school than that school.

正： There are more students in this school than in that school.

The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as that of Nanjing.（不能用Nanjing或of Nanjing或in Nanjing）

③ 一些词汇的比较级和最高级容易混淆，应注意一些不规则变化的形容词、副词的两级。请看下表：

再如：

(98全国) Professor White has written some short stories, but he is better known for his plays. (well比较级为better)

(2001春季) Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs more for the poor.

(2004湖南) That doesnt sound very frightening, Paul, Ive seen worse. What did you like most about the film?

3) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语

① 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如：

(2004广东) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always that much to do. (那样多)

I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.

quite possible / impossible

My hometown is much changed.

much to my surprise(很让我吃惊)

be well worth doing （很值得做）

be sound / fast asleep (熟睡、酣睡)

wide awake (完全醒着)

all / very much alone (十分孤独)

dead drunken (烂醉)

very much / much alike (十分相像)

His eyes were wide open. (完全睁开)

② 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。（注意more不用于修饰比较级）。例如：

(94全国) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.

(2000上海) Youre standing too near the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?

This is by far the better.

③ 最高级可用序数词、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等词修饰。例如：

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.

I like this film the very best / much the best.

4) 关于否定词在比较级中的使用：

(1) 在not as ... as 的句型中，as可用so替换，即not as / so ... as，但是在肯定结构中不可用so替换。例如:

Jack cant run as / so fast as his brother John.

The weather in this area in summer is not so hot as that of my hometown.

(2) 注意在一些比较级前no和not所表达的意义不同。

no + 比较级___意为“只有”

not + 比较级意为“最多，不超过”。例如:

I have no more than ten yuan in my pocket.(我口袋里只有十元钱。)

I have not more than ten yuan in my pocket.(我口袋里最多有十元钱。)

Your English is no better than mine.(你英语也就跟我的一样差。)

Your English is not better than mine. (你英语并不比我好。)

(3) 否定 + 比较级 + 名词 = 最高级。例如:

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

He had never spent a more worrying day.

Ive never seen a more beautiful park before.

(96全国) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.她唱得多么好啊！我从来没听到过比这更美的嗓音。

(2004福建) —Go for a picnic this weekend. OK?

—I couldnt agree more. I love getting close to nature.

—What do you think of Mr Wangs teaching? 你认为王老师的课上得怎样?

Oh, no one teaches better.哦,没有人能够教得更好了。(他教得最好。)

(5) 有些as ... as的结构不一定是表示比较，例如有些as ... as的结构用作连词或状语。

As soon as he comes back, please ask him ring me back.

As long as you promise to return before 6 oclock, Ill let you go.

We can not expect her to do the homework as well as look after the children.

The boy got up late, so he ran to school as quickly as possible.

Our English teacher asked us to speak English as possible as we can.

as ... as的结构也可用作比喻：

as easy as ABC易如反掌

as busy as a bee忙得团团转

as poor as a church mouse一贫如洗

as hungry as a wolf___饥肠辘辘

as strong as a horse___体壮如牛

as foolish as a donkey笨如驴

例3： （2007全国卷Ⅱ） After two years research, we now have a_______________ better understanding of the disease.

A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite

解析： 答案为B。考查副词修饰形容词比较级。只有far可修饰比较级，而very, fairly, quite不与比较级搭配。

例4： (1999上海) The director gave me a better offer than_________.

A. that of Dicks B. Dicks

C. he gave Dick D. those of Dick

解析： 答案为C。此题要注意比较时双方要有可比性，句意为“导演给我提供的条件要比他给Dick提供的好。”比较的是所提供的条件，所以用he gave Dick。Dicks, that of Dicks和those of Dick都表示Dick的条件或他提供的条件，故不正确。

例5： (2001上海) In recent years, travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go,_________.

A. our holiday will be better

B. our holiday will be the better

C. the better our holiday will be

D. the better will our holiday be

解析： 答案为C。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级……”为固定句型，表示“越……越……”。A、B、D项的词序不对。

例6： (05江西) —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?

—Thank you._________.

A. It couldnt be better

B. Of course you can

C. If you like

D. Its up to you

解析： 根据答语中的“Thank you”可以推断回答是表示高兴的语气，而“It couldnt be better.”表示“没有比这再好的了 / 再好不过了”。答案为A。

【即时巩固练习】

16. （2007北京） The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here_________.

A. early B. earlier

C. earliest D. the earliest

17. （2007江苏） With April 18s railway speedup highway and air transport will have to compete with_________ service for passengers.

A. good B. better C. best D. the best

18. （2007湖南） There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.” But there is

wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.”

A. some B. much C. more D. most

19. （2007上海） Alan is a careful driver, but he drives_________ of my friends.

A. more carefully B. the most carefully

C. less carefully D. the least carefully

20. (2006江西) I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_________.

A. better B. worse

C. the best D. the worst

21. (2005浙江) Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen_________ this year.

A. the best B. better

C. the most D. more

22. (2005江苏) David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_________ desire to go to bed.

A. the most B. more

C. worse D. the least

23. （2005全国Ⅱ） —Is your headache getting_________?

—No, its worse.

A. better B. bad C. less D. well

考点3： 形容词作表语，形容词、副词作后置定语

【备考清单】

1) 形容词用于系动词后作表语

在最近几年高考试题中系动词加形容词作表语的情况出现过很多次。高考对此点的考查集中于区别到底是系动词还是一般动词并选择合适的形容词，而不是副词作表语。常见的联系动词有如下三类：

表示感觉的系动词：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等

表示变化的系动词：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等

表示状态存在的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如：

(95全国) As he was reading the newspaper, Granny fell asleep.

(94全国) —Do you like the material?

—Yes, it feels very soft.

(91全国) These oranges taste good. (不能用well)

(2003北京春招) You dont look very well. Are you ill?

(93上海) What he said sounds friendly.

(2003全国) Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.

注意上述动词有些还可用作一般动词。例如：

sound your horn按喇叭

look at sb. 看某人

taste the wine 品尝酒

smell gas 闻到煤气

feel ones way 摸索着前进

注意如下只能作表语的形容词:

well(身体好),ill(生病的),content, faint,unable及以a-开头的形容词，如afraid, absent,asleep, alike, alone, awake,alive, ashamed等。例如：

I was afraid of making you uneasy.

His mother is dead, but his father is still alive.

She was really quite alone in the world except for an uncle in the country.

You should be ashamed of what you have done.

I was asleep the moment after my head touched the pillow.

I lay awake all night thinking of them.

My grandfather is perfectly content to live in the countryside.

He has been ill in bed for nearly half a year.

They have been unable to find out the cause of the fire accident.

例7： (95上海) We dont care if a hunting dog smells

, but we really dont want him to smell_________.

A. well; well B. bad; bad

C. well; badly D. badly; bad

解析： 答案为D。第一空前的smell为不及物动词，意为“嗅、闻、有嗅觉”，副词badly修饰smells；而第二个smell为系动词，应加bad作表语。句意为：我不在乎猎狗的嗅觉是否很差，我只是不想它身上有味儿。

例8: （2007江西） The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted_________ if it had been put in the fridge for a little while.

A. good B. better C. best D. well

解析： 答案为B。考查前后两种情况的对比，taste better“尝起来更好吃”。

【即时巩固练习】

24. (2004湖北) On hearing the news of the accident in coal mine, she_________ pale.

A. got B. changed

C. went D. appeared

25. (2002上海春招) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health_________ poor.

A. proves B. remains

C. maintains D. continues

2） 形容词、副词作后置定语

【备考清单】

常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有： ①形容词修饰something, nothing, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。②present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。③表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定语。④副词修饰动词时, 放在动词之后。修饰形容词或副词时, 放在被修饰词之前。enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用and或or连接的形容词作定语时要后置, 起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序, “so, as, how, too + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”。 例如：

There is nothing interesting in his composition.

Who else would like to go with me?

All the students present at the meeting have come back.

Students old enough should go to school.

I carried the basket full of eggs with great care.

All the people, old or young, went to watch the football match.

You can see a building 150 meters high on your right.

It was so warm a day that they decided to have a hiking.

It is too small a room. I dont think it is fit for a meeting room.

I do hope Ill have as pleasant a trip as you had last summer.

What a high building it is!

例9： (2000全国)_________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.

A. Brave enough students

B. Enough brave students

C. Students brave enough

D. Students enough brave

解析： 答案为C。副词enough修饰一个形容词或另外一个副词时，应放在形容词或另外一个副词之后。

例10: （2007湖南） “Things_________ will never come again!” I couldnt help talking to myself.

A. lost B. losing

C. to lose D. have lost

解析： 答案为A。此题考查表语形容词做后置定语。

【即时巩固练习】

26. （2007上海） The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle._________ it was!

A. What a dangerous scene

B. What dangerous a scene

C. How a dangerous scene

D. How dangerous the scene

27. (2004上海春招)_________, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.

A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely

C. Strange enough D. Enough strange

28. (2002北京) All the people_________ at the party were his supporters.

A. present B. thankful

C. interested D. important

考点4： 倍数表达法

【备考清单】

三种常见倍数表达法：

1） 倍数 + as + 原级形容词 + as ...。例如：

This road is three times as long as that one.

2） 倍数 + the size / length / width / depth / height of ...。例如：

The river is five times the width of that one.

3） 倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。例如：

The sun is a million times larger than the earth.

例11： (2004广西) It is reported that the United States uses_________ energy as the whole Europe.

A. as twice B. twice much

C. twice much as D. twice as much

解析： 答案为D。此题考查上述句型中的第一种。

【即时巩固练习】

29. (2005上海) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is_________ Great Britain.

A. three times the size as

B. the size three times of

C. three times as the size of

D. three times the size of

30. (2003上海) The house rent is expensive. Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying_________ here.

A. as three times much

B. as much three times

C. much as three times

D. three times as much

31. (2002上海春招) Americans eat______vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.

A. more than twice

B. as twice as many

C. twice as many as

D. more than twice as many

32. (2002北京) He did it_________ it took me.

A. one-third a time

B. one-third time

C. the one-third time

D. one-third the time

考点5： 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组

【备考清单】

1) 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题

多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律：

如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。例如：

a small wonderful gift

常用的顺序为：

限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词+(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+产地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)

记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如：

all these last few days 最近的这些日子

some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花

a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙

a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车

其中限定词的排列顺序为：

all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词 + 冠词 / 指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基数词 / 序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、用途、类别等。

尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆：

所有这些词， 顺序往后数；

美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。

上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于all (所有) these (这些) last (顺序) few (数量) days短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如产地、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。

例12： (2004辽宁) John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_________ car.

A. large German white

B. large white German

C. white large German

D. German large white

解析： 答案为B。上述几个形容词可利用口诀中的后两句确定它们之间的先后顺序。

【即时巩固练习】

33. （2005北京） This_________ girl is Lindas cousin.

A. pretty little Spanish

B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty little

D. little pretty Spanish

34. (2004上海春招) I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is_______than John.

A. more efficiently a worker

B. a more efficient worker

C. more an efficiently worker

D. a worker more efficiently

35. (2004重庆) The husband gave his wife______every month in order to please her.

A. all half his income

B. his half all income

C. half his all income

D. all his half income

36. (2004浙江)_________ students are required to take part in the boat race.

A. Ten strong young Chinese

B. Ten Chinese strong young

C. Chinese ten young strong

D. Young strong ten Chinese

37. (2004江苏) The_________ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.

A. little white wooden

B. little wooden white

C. white wooden little

D. wooden white little

38. (2003上海) As I know, there is______car in this neighborhood.

A. no such B. no a

C. not such D. not such a

39. (2003上海) We were in_________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.

A. a rush so anxious

B. a such anxious rush

C. so an anxious rush

D. such an anxious rush

2） 词序不同意义不同的词组

【备考清单】

常见的语序不同意义不同有形容词、副词的词组有：too much与much too, if only与only if, long before与before long等。它们的区别如下：

too much一般指数量的多，可修饰不可数名词或动词，也可直接代替上文中提到的不可数名词； much too一般指的是程度上“十分，太”，后直接加形容词或副词原级。if only ... 意为“要是……就好了”，常与虚拟语气连用； only if……意为“只要……”，引导条件状语从句。 long before意为“很久以前”，而before long意为“不久以后”。但not long before意为“不久”。例如：

Dont talk too much.

Too much water causes flood.

The boy is much too impolite.

Only if you try your best to prepare your lessons will you be able to pass the exam.

If only I had listened to your advice! (要是……就好了)

The work will be finished before long.

We heard of it long before.

It wont be long before we meet again.

例13： (上海2000) If only he_________ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.

A. lies B. lay

C. had lain D. should lie

解析： 答案为C。if only ... 意为“要是……就好了”，从主句中的now及not暗示前面条件句中的动作并未发生，条件部份与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时的形式来表达虚拟。

例14： (2003上海) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_________ to carry all the way home.

A. much too heavy B. too much heavy

C. heavy too much D. too heavy much

解析： 答案为A。 much too修饰形容词、副词表程度，而too much修饰名词或动词强调数量， heavy为形容词，故只能用much too。

考点6： 考查形容词与副词区别, 易混词带有-ly的形容词、副词及复合形容词

【备考清单】

1） 注意如下有无-ly的形容词和副词的意义区别：

wide / high / deep（具体的意义）宽 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply（抽象意义）广泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地

most十分、非常 / 最多（大）的

mostly主要地、绝大多数地、多半

close靠近地

closely密切地、仔细地

late迟的，迟到的

lately最近、近来

dead死的 deadly致命的

bad坏的 badly恶劣地、非常地

hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不

near 在附近 nearly 几乎

direct直接(主要用于谈论路程和时间,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即

2） 注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词，其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。例如：

He wrote a two-thousand-word report.

His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man.

3） “名词+ ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。

这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等

4） 有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。例如:

He got up late, so he was late for school again.

Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end.

This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.

例15： (2003上海春招) Many students signed up for the_________ race in the sports meeting to be held next week.

A. 800-meter-long B. 800-metres-long

C. 800 metre lengthD. 800 meters long

解析： 答案为A。合成形容词中名词不能变为复数形式。

例16： (2002北京) It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood_______to her mother.

A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing

解析： 答案为A。根据动词stood可确定其后应用表示“近地、接近地、靠近地”意义的close，而closely意为“紧密地、严密地、密切地”，多用于抽象意义，如listen closely仔细听。

考点7：几种形容词、副词、疑难结构

【备考清单】

1. “too ... to”结构的用法

too ... ( for sb. ) to ... 意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定的意义。例如：

These books are too heavy for me to carry.

The child is too young to join the army.

This is too difficult a book for you to read.

当too前有否定词never或not时表示“不太……所以能……”的意思，其中的双重否定表示肯定意义。例如：

One is never too old to learn.活到老， 学到老。

当too前有only / but / just / all修饰时表示“非常乐意……”的肯定意义。例如：

We are but too glad to help you. 我们非常高兴能帮助你。

We are only too pleased to watch the TV play.我们非常喜欢看这部电视剧。

当“too ... to ...”结构中的形容词为apt (anxious), glad, ready, easy, eager, nervous, willing, happy, inclined, pleased等时, “too ... to ...”结构表示肯定意义， 意为“非常……”。例如：

He was too eager to know the result of the exams. 他急于想知道考试的结果。

The woman is too ready to speak.这女人太多嘴多舌。

He is too ready to help others.他非常乐于帮助别人。

当在too前加not构成“too ... not to ...”结构时， 表示肯定意义， 意为“非常……而不会……”。例如：

I am sure that she is too diligent not to fail in the exam. 我敢肯定她很勤奋，必定能通过这次考试。

He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么仔细，不会没有注意到这一点。

2. cannot （never） ... too ... 结构

“cannot ... too ...”结构表示“无论怎么……也不算过份”、“越……越好”、“要格外……”、“应该特别……”等意思。表示此意的结构有下列几种：

1) cannot ＋动词＋ too ＋形容词或副词。例如：

We cannot be too careful in doing experiments. 我们做实验时越仔细越好。

I cannot thank you too much. 我无论怎么感谢你也不过份。

2) cannot ＋ over-动词 / cannot + be + over-形容词。例如：

We cannot overemphasize the importance of learning a foreign language. 我们无论怎么强调学外语的重要性都不过份。

3) cannot ＋动词＋ too much （ much enough）。例如：

We cannot praise him too much. 我们无论怎样表扬他也不算过份。

4) cannot ＋动词＋形容词或副词＋ enough

在“ cannot ... too ...”结构中的too可换成 enough，sufficient 或 sufficiently； not 也可换成 never， hardly， scarcely 等否定词。例如：

You can never be strong enough. 强壮的身体有百利而无一害。

Drinking water can never be pure enough. 饮用水越纯净越好。

5) cannot ＋动词＋ too many ＋可数名词 / too much ＋不可数名词。例如：

I think it right that one cannot learn too much knowledge. 我认为一个人的知识愈多愈好。

It is wrong to think that one cannot bear too many children. 认为一个人孩子生得愈多愈好是错误的。

6) It is impossible （ difficult ） to ... too ... ＝ cannot ... too ...。例如：

It is impossible to emphasize this point too much. （＝ One cannot emphasize this point too much.）要特别强调这一点。

3. more than结构

more than与不同词性的词连用用法总结如下:

1) 后接名词，表示超过该名词所指，意为“不只是，不仅仅是，不止”。例如：

He is more than our teacher; he is also our friend. 他不仅是我们的老师,还是我们的好朋友。

2) 后接形容词或动词，用来加强语气，表示“很，非常”。例如：

Im more than happy to hear from you. 收到你的来信我非常高兴。

She is more than pleased with her daughters performance.她对她女儿的表演很高兴。

3) 后接副词,加强语气，意为“不止”。例如：

He was dressed more than simply.他穿得岂止是简单。

4) 后接数词，表示“多于，大于”，相当于over。例如：

The factory turns out more than 100 cars daily. 工厂每天生产100多辆车。

It was more than a year now since he had seen Mary.有一年多的时间他没看见玛丽。

注: more than one +名词,在语义上虽为复数,但做主语时谓语动词用单数。如：

More than one house was burnt down in the fire.

5) 后接含有情态动词can 的从句，其基本含义是“超过，” 常用来表示否定，“简直不，远非，简直不可能”。例如：

The beauty of the city is more than words can describe. 这座城市的美简直不能形容。

There is more than I can tell you. 多到我给你讲也讲不完。

6) more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如……。例如：

The child is more frightened than hurt.这孩子受伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。

He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。

在more than前有时会有no 或not 出现，构成no more than 与not more than 短语,它们的区别如下:

1) no more than 作 “只不过,仅仅”解，其后接数词，强调数量少；而not more than 作 “不超过”或“顶多”之意(at the most ),有比较的含义，没有仅仅之意，其后接数词，以说明情况。试比较：

There are no more than 20 people at the meeting. 会上只有20人。(不但表示数目,还有“仅仅”之意)

There are not more than 20 people at the meeting.与会人数不超过20人。(只表示实际情况,数量可多可少)

另外no more than 之后还可接名词。

He looks like a student, but in fact he is no more than a teacher.他看起来像个学生，实际上他是位老师。

2) 二者后均可接比较状语从句，但概念各异： no more than 作 “两者同样不”解，既否定前半句,又否定后半句。

The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们和皇帝一样什么也没有看见。

在这种结构中, 除用more 以外,还可以用其他形容词或副词的比较级,表示该形容词或副词的反义,同时对比较双方进行否定。

no fewer than = as many as和 ……一样多

no worse than = as good as和 ……一样好

no better than = as bad as 和 ……一样差

no richer than = as poor as和 ……一样穷

no later than = as early as早在……

not more than “为不比(如)……更”之意。例如:

The coat is not more expensive than that one. 这件大衣并不比那件贵。

Xiao Li is not more diligent than Xiao Wang. 小李并不比小王更勤奋。

例17： （2007福建） —Do you need any help, Lucy?

—Yes. The job is_________ I could do myself.

A. less than B. more than

C. no more than D. not more than

解析： 答案为B。less than“少于”；more than“多于，超过”；no more than“仅仅，不过”；not more than“至多，不超过”。由答语“yes”表明回答者需要对方的帮助，也就是此项工作远超过自己的能力范围，故答案选B。

例18: （2007陕西） Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if_______, Miss Liu.

A. not better than B. not better

C. no better than D. no better

解析： 答案为A。此题考查省略与副词的比较级。根据句意，Mr Guo与Miss Liu加以比较，如果说Mr Guo弹得不好于Miss Liu的话，那么至少和她一样好。not better than“不好于”，故选A。

4. 几种带有否定词的比较句型

英语中表示比较的句型相当多，如果句型中插进了一个否定词，其意义和用法就很难掌握。下面介绍几种常见的表达方式：

1) no better than表示“和……一样；实际等于……”。例如：

The patient is no better than he was yesterday.___病人的情况和昨天一样。

A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind.不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样。

2) not ... any more than或no more ... than表示“同……一样不”。例如：

A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. (= A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.)鲸和马都不是鱼。(鲸之非鱼类，正如马之非鱼类。)

My elder brother is no more a singer than I am.我哥哥和我都不是歌唱家。

3) no less ... than表示“和……一样；不逊于”。例如：

The technique of writing is no less difficult than that of the other arts.写作技巧和其他艺术技巧一样困难。

Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样必不可少的。

4) nothing more than表示“只不过是，无非是”。例如：

She wishes to be treated as nothing more than a common girl.___她希望把她像一般女孩一样对待。

It is nothing more than a made-up story.这只不过是杜撰的故事而已。

【即时巩固练习答案】

1. D2. B3. C4. D5. D6. C7. B8. C9. D10. C11. B12. A13. A14. B15. A16. B17. B18. C19. D20. B21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. A27. A28. A29. D30. D31. D32. D33. A34. B35. A36. A37. A38. A39. D