高考英语中的分隔干扰现象

王淑福

分隔干扰是英语中常见的语言现象，是指在不影响语义表达的情况下在两个相连的成分中间插入别的内容。这样做一是为了保持句子的结构平衡，二是增加语言表达的灵活性。例如：

The news came in the end that our team won the football match.我们球队赢得比赛的消息终于来了。

句中The news 与 that our team won the football match 共同充当主语，为保持句子的结构平衡，将同位语从句放在主句的最后。

The day we are looking forward to_________.

A. come B. comes C. comingD. came

解析： 答案为B。不难看出此题利用定语从句将句子的主语和谓语进行了分隔，很容易让人根据介词to 后接-ing的形式而错选C项。

下面就“分隔干扰”这一现象，结合高考举例加以说明。

一、 利用定语从句进行分隔干扰

1. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,_________for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. (2000年春季，16)

A. that B. while C. which D. when

解析： 答案为D。该题在定语从句的关系词和先行词之间加入for these football fans的干扰。

2. The film brought the hours back to me

I was taken good care of in that far-away village. （2001全国卷，22）

A. until B. that C. when D. where

解析：答案为C。此题考查定语从句。为了保持整个句子结构平衡，把定语从句放在最后，使得先行词与从句分隔开了。

3. —Is that the small town you often refer to?

—Right, just the one_________you know I used to work for years. (2005福建卷，35)

A． that B． which C． where D． what

解析：答案为C。此题考查定语从句。先行词the one 后是用插入语you know来干扰对关系词的选择。

4. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_________ , of course, made the others unhappy. (2000北京安徽卷，17)

A． who B． whichC． this D． what

解析： 答案为B。该题考查非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中使用插入语of course，增加了语言的灵活性。

二、 利用主谓一致实施分隔干扰

1. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_________visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京卷，28)

A. was B. were

C. had been D. would be

解析：答案为A。此题考查主谓一致。句子主语The teacher 后插入with 短语来加强语言的表达效果，同时干扰了对谓语动词的选择。

2. All the employers except the manager

to work online at home. (2004广东卷，21)

A. encourages B. encourage

C. is encouraging D. are encouraged

解析：答案为D。此题考查主谓一致。句子主语All the employers 后插入except the manager来加强语言的表达效果，同时干扰了对谓语动词的选择。

3. Professor Smith, along with his assistants,_________on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海卷，31)

A． work B． working

C． is working D． are working

解析：答案为C。此题考查主谓一致。句子主语All the employers 后插入along with his assistants来加强语言的表达效果，同时干扰了对谓语动词单复数形式的选择。

三、 利用插入语分隔干扰

John plays football_________ , if not better than, David. (NMET 94, 28)

A. as well B. as well as

C. so well D. so well as

解析：答案为B。此题考查比较级，if not better than作为条件插入句中，将两个比较的对象分隔开来，解答时只须将其去掉，就可找到正确答案。

四、 利用同位语从句进行干扰

Danby left word with my secretary_________he would call again in the afternoon. (2005浙江卷,15)

A． who B． that C． as D． which

解析：答案为B。该题利用with my secretary将word与其同位语that he would call again in the afternoon分隔，从而使句子结构能保持平衡。

五、 利用其它方式进行分隔干扰

1. The old ladys hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor_________this shaking had begun half a year before, and_________ , only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. (2005重庆卷，34)

A． when; how B． how; when

C． how; how D． why; why

解析：答案为C。该题鉴于explain 的宾语how this shaking had begun half a year before, and how, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job过长而将其放在to her doctor后面，使得动词与宾语分隔开来，以此保持句子结构上的平衡。

分隔干扰针对性练习

1. The pen I_________I_________is on my desk,right under my nose.

A. think; lost B. thought; had lost

C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost

2. What else was there in my brother_________ you didnt like?

A. who B. whom C. when D. that

3. He arrived in New York in 1896,_________ ,some time later, he became a famous writer.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

4. Edison made a lot of inventions,_________of great importance.

A. which I think are

B. which I think they are

C. which I think they

D. I think which are

5. It was such a serious mistake,_________caused by carelessness.

A. which I think was

B. which I think it was

C. I think which was

D. I think which it was

6. Bob seems to have never been_________his wifes parents, even herself, seriously.

A. facing B. taking C. seeing D. telling

7. We agree to accept_________they thought was the best tourist guide.

A. whomever B. whatever

C. whoever D. no matter who

8. We should spend as much time as we can________English well.

A. to learn B. learning

C. learn D. learned

9. —Four? A little_________ , say, a quarter to,OK?

—All right.

A. less B. some C. later D. earlier

10. —Did you have any trouble in getting here?

—No, otherwise, I_________you.

A. would have telephoned

B. much have telephoned

C. would telephoned

D. much telephoned

11. —We havent heard from Jane for a long time.

—What do you suppose_________to her?

A. was happening B. to happen

C. has happened D. having happen

12. An awful accident_________ , however, occur the other day.

A. does B. did C. has to D. had to

13. Carol said the work would be done by October,_________personally I doubt very much.

A. it B. that C. when D. which

14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_________some schools for poor children.

A. set up B. setting up

C. have set up D. having set up

15. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_________road conditions need_________ .

A. that, to be improved

B. which, to be improved

C. where, improving

D. when, improving

16._________be sent to work there?

A. Who do you suggest

B. Who do you suggest that should

C. Do you suggest who should

D. Do you suggest whom should

17. I dont mind picking up your things from the store. ________, the walk will do me good.

A. Sooner or later B. Still

C. In time D. Besides

18. —Your performance in the driving test didnt reach the required standard. ________, you failed.

A. In the end B. After all

C. In other words D. At the same time

19. It is so nice to hear from her._________ , we last met more than thirty years ago.

A. Whats more B. That is to say

C. In other words D. Believe it or not

20. I came home very late last night,_________ early this morning.

A. at the latest B. or rather

C. in a word D. on the whole

Keys: 1. B2. D3. B4. A5. A6. B7. C8. B9. D10. A11. C12. B13. D14. B15. A16. A17. D18. C19. D 20. B