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趵突泉

2024-12-03张恨水

走向世界 2024年46期

在济南看完了大明湖,就是看这里天下驰名的泉水了。这里著名的共有三道泉,就是黑虎泉、珍珠泉和趵突泉。珍珠泉在省人民政府之内,这里不谈。黑虎泉离朋友家中不远,转弯就到。泉是三股,三个虎头,由地上喷出来。泉的前面,有一濠。人家的濠都是浑水,这里却是清水,因为这里从前是南门外,所以有这道濠。现在拆了城墙,填平大马路,所以看不出是濠。

黑虎泉看过,我们去看趵突泉。这里趵突泉是济南七十二名泉中第一泉,所以人都要看。出了西门,由一条人行巷中前行,还没有到泉,就见两旁水沟,水势非常汹涌。后来进了泉门,一看已建筑了两重房屋。一座大池子,水中间涌出几粒细珠,池旁有石碑,上刻“第一泉”三个字。这里已有很多人观看。再过去,池头搭了一座平板石桥,隔桥观看,只见池的中间,忽从地底下翻涌泉水出来,这泉真的有水桶那么粗,头上尽翻白色,这就是趵突泉了。据《老残游记》里说,共有三个。我们只看到一个。是老残夸大哩,还是几十年前,真有三个呢?这还得问老济南。这里有一座茶社,我们便进去泡了一壶茶,坐下对这泉水仔细地观看。看了许久,只觉是泉头那样粗大,周年不息,这真是一奇。据说,还是周年不冻,无论怎样冷,泉水还是汹涌地流注。这一池水,自然很清,但是池塘底下,常常冒出一股清泉,比这水还清似的,慢慢涌到水面,有洄纹流起,你看得很清楚,这种泉水还很多,只看那洄纹,去了一个,又上来一个,这也不是别处泉水里所能看到的。古来人家赏玩趵突泉,总题上两句诗。《随园诗话》中有句“倒翻庐阜瀑,长涌浙江潮”。但是夸大得可以,太不近乎写实了。看这泉流,坐了许久。后来我想起济南朋友常常告诉我,济南蒲菜很不错,就让朋友请我上了一回馆子,要的菜是黃河鲤鱼、清炖蒲菜。据馆子里人相告,还是大明湖的蒲菜呢。

济南耽搁两天,我便坐火车回北京。沿途拉杂写成“杂志”,自愧无生花妙笔,描绘不出祖国锦绣河山。

When in Jinan, after visiting Daming Lake, one must see the world-renowned springs. There are three famous springs here: Black Tiger Spring, Pearl Spring, and Baotu Spring. Black Tiger Spring is conveniently located near my friend’s home, just a short walk away. The spring features three tiger heads from which water gushes forth from the ground. In front of the spring, there is a moat. Unlike typical moats which contain murky water, this one is crystal clear because it used to be outside the South Gate. Now that the city walls have been demolished and the roads paved, it no longer looks like a moat. I spent a considerable amount of time watching the flow of the spring. Later, thinking about what my friends in Jinan often tell me—that the local Pu Cai (a type of vegetable dish) is excellent—I asked them to take me out to eat. According to the restaurant staff, the Pu Cai we enjoyed was sourced from Daming Lake.