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Portrait of Fritza Riedler《弗里扎·里德勒肖像》

2024-07-16爱艺/译

英语世界 2024年7期

In Portrait of Fritza Riedler, the treatment of the women’s white dresses is very close, as are the geometrical blocks of colour in the background. Fritza Riedler, however, is seated, and here Gustav Klimt has let his imagination take over. The armchair in which she sits—perfectly realistic in the preparatory drawings—has virtually disappeared, becoming a two-dimensional outline filled in with gold and silver eye-shaped motifs. The gold and silver are picked up by the small squares dotted across the background wall.

在《弗里扎·里德勒肖像》中,女子的白色连衣裙画得非常密实贴合,背景中的几何色块也是如此。不过,所画对象弗里扎·里德勒是坐姿,古斯塔夫·克里姆特对此做了颇富想象的处理。里德勒所坐的扶手椅——在素描草图中还逼真呈现了——这里其实已看不到,而是变成了一个二维轮廓,轮廓中填满了金色和银色的眼状图案。整面背景墙上星星点点地缀着些金色和银色的小方块。

As in the portrait of Margaret Stonborough-Wittgenstein, Klimt has placed a roughly semicircular shape behind Frieda’s head. This serves to frame and draw attention to her face, in the same way that Tissot1 places Miss Lloyd in a doorway.

克里姆特在弗里扎的头后画了一个大致半圆形的图案,他在为玛格丽特·斯通伯勒-维特根斯坦画像时也有过类似处理。这可以突出人物脸部并将观者的注意力吸引过来——天梭在为劳埃德小姐画像时将人物设置在了门口,这是一样的道理。

However, the mosaic-like semicircular decoration in the Portrait of Fritza Riedler is more complicated than in the earlier work, and would appear to derive from two sources: Diego Velázquez2 and Egyptian art. There is a portrait of Queen Mariana 8EcvK1ub46gVI0KlwE6tfqUfsaqjwsEuSP+hEOPvxZU=of Austria3, ascribed to Velázquez, in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien and the queen’s hair is elaborately coiffured with braids and beads in the same shape as in Klimt’s portrait. Klimt may also have been inspired by his study of the ancient Egyptian art in Vienna’s museums. Whereas the Nemes, the best known pharaonic headdress, is a rectangular blue and gold striped fabric. The form of the Nemes comes from the Egyptian lion’s mane.

不过,《弗里扎·里德勒肖像》中的镶嵌式半圆形装饰比玛格丽特肖像中的更复杂,这种饰样似乎源自两方面的影响:其一是迭戈·委拉斯开兹,其二是埃及艺术。维也纳艺术史博物馆藏有委拉斯开兹为来自奥地利的玛丽安娜王后所画的一幅肖像,画中王后的头发被精心编成串上珠子的发辫,整体形状与克里姆特所画的这幅肖像中的样式一样。克里姆特曾参观过维也纳的不少博物馆,研究馆藏的古埃及艺术品,这或许也对他有所启发。只是,埃及法老最著名的头饰——内梅什王巾——是蓝金条纹相间的长方形织物。内梅什王巾的形状模仿自埃及狮鬃。

1指James Tissot 詹姆斯·天梭(1836—1902),本名雅克-约瑟夫·天梭(Jacques-Joseph Tissot),法国画家和插画家,擅长描绘时尚女性和《圣经》人物。

2(1599—1660),西班牙画家,西班牙艺术黄金时代的领军人物,对后世画家及印象派影响很大。1624年,委拉斯开兹受西班牙国王腓力四世青睐,成为国王和王后的御用画家,开始在宫廷供职直至去世。其最著名的作品是《宫娥》和《纺纱女》。 3委拉斯开兹为玛丽安娜王后创作的肖像有三版,大同小异,除了维也纳的藏品,其他的收藏在西班牙马德里的普拉多博物馆,该馆是世界上保有委拉斯开兹作品最多的博物馆。