观点对立型议论文读写指南

河北 刘如玲

➢文体导读

观点对立型议论文，也称为辩论型文章，是一种旨在通过对不同观点的比较和对立，阐述作者对特定问题或话题的立场的文体。这种文章通常以引出具有争议性的话题或问题作为开端，提出至少两种对立的观点，并对每种观点进行分析和评估。这种类型的议论文要求作者具备扎实的逻辑思维和分析能力，能够全面理解和评估不同观点的优缺点，同时还要有清晰的表达和组织思路的能力。通过逐一讨论不同观点并提出自己的想法，作者能够促使读者对问题进行全面思考，并最终形成自己的判断。

策略导航

1.细读和理解题目：在阅读一篇观点对立型议论文前，要先认真阅读题目和要求，确保对题目理解清晰。明确题目是要求表达自己的观点还是要求讨论各个观点的利弊，以便在阅读和写作过程中针对性地寻找信息和展开论述。

2.寻找主题句和关键词：找出每个观点的主题句和关键词，以理解每个观点的核心论点。特别是在写作时，使用主题句和关键词可以确保每段的逻辑结构清晰和紧凑。

3.使用合适的过渡词：使用适当的过渡词和短语，如however、on the other hand、by contrast等，来引导读者理解不同观点之间的对比或对立关系。这有助于提高文章的逻辑性和连贯性。

4.平衡论述和客观分析：保持平衡和客观是提高观点对立型议论文质量的关键。确保每个观点都得到一定程度的论证，尽量避免自身立场带来的偏颇。在写作时，切勿陷入个人情绪或使用言辞激烈的表达。

5.重点练习批驳和反驳观点：观点对立型议论文中，批驳和反驳对立观点是重要的一环。在写作过程中，应尽量找出对立观点的漏洞、不足之处或逻辑矛盾，并以客观而有说服力的方式进行反驳。

6.分析优秀范文：选择一些优秀的观点对立型议论文范文，分析其中的行文结构、论点、论据以及写作手法。学习优秀范文中的语言运用和逻辑推理等技巧，可以为自己的写作提供参考和带来灵感。

素材导背

1.引出话题

The issue/topic of...is of great significance/importance.关于……的问题/话题十分重要。

Nowadays, it has become increasingly common to talk about...如今，人们越来越普遍地谈论……

In contemporary society, more and more people are concerned about...在当今社会，越来越多的人关心……

With the development of..., the issue of...has become more and more significant.随着……的发展，……问题已经变得越来越重要。

Recently, there has been a growing concern among people about the issue of...近来，有越来越多的人关注……问题。

2.赞成观点

It is indisputable that...……是毋庸置疑的。

Everyone can agree that...每个人可能都同意……

There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……

Undoubtedly,...毫无疑问，……

It is universally acknowledged that...人们普遍认为……

3.反驳观点

It is true that..., but it is only half the truth.的确……，但这只是事实的一部分。

Some people argue that..., but they overlook/refuse to admit...有些人认为……，但他们忽略了/拒绝承认……

One common argument against...is that..., but this argument fails to recognize that...对于……一个常见的反对论点是……，但这一论点未能认识到……

Although it may seem that..., upon closer examination, it becomes clear that...尽管看起来……，但经仔细审查，就能明白……

Many critics claim that...However, a closer scrutiny reveals that...很多批评家声称……，但更仔细的审视发现……

4.表达对另一种观点的认同

I agree with...and believe that...我同意……，且相信……

While I grant that..., I nevertheless believe that...虽然我承认……，但我依然相信……

Although I grant that..., I cannot agree with...尽管我承认……，但我无法同意……

While it may be true that..., the evidence suggests that...虽然……可能是对的，但证据表明……

It is true that...and deserves recognition, but...确实……值得肯定，但……

5.表示选择

The advantages or disadvantages of...should be carefully considered before making a decision.在做出决定之前，需要仔细评估……的优缺点。

It is difficult to decide whether...or..., but after careful consideration, I choose...很难决定是……还是……，但经过仔细考虑后，我选择……

When weighing the advantages and disadvantages of..., we must consider...在权衡……的利弊时，我们必须考虑……

6.发表作者观点

In my opinion/view,...在我看来，……

From my standpoint/perspective,...从我的角度来看，……

I am convinced that...我坚信……

My firm belief is that...我坚信……

I completely/strongly oppose/support...我完全/强烈反对/支持……

7.总结全文

to sum up/in conclusion 总之/最后

all in all 总的来说

in summary/overall 总的来说

to conclude 总之

ultimately/in the end 最终

consequently 因此

in brief 简而言之

in short 简言之

8.其他表达及高频衔接词

One striking example is...一个显著的例子是……

On the one hand,...On the other hand,...一方面，……；另一方面，……

conversely 相反地

in spite of 尽管

furthermore 此外；而且

additionally 此外；还

not only that 不止如此

Another reason is...另一个原因是……

It is also worth noting that...同样值得注意的是……

One notable advantage is...一个显著的优势是……

Another advantage is...另一个优势是……

that is to say 也就是说

in other words 换句话说

to put it simply 简单来说

undoubtedly 无疑

likewise 同样

in comparison 相比之下

compared to 与……相比

on the contrary 相反地

as a matter of fact 事实上

needless to say 不用说

admittedly 不可否认地

after all 毕竟

案例导练

Celebrating academic achievement: Cultural celebrations or harmful distinction?

庆祝学业成就：文化庆祝还是有害区分？

In various regions across the country, different celebrations take place after the annual college entrance examination to acknowledge those who have been admitted to key universities.This practice stirs both support and opposition, with conflicting views on its implications.

Proponents argue that these celebrations not only honor academic achievement but also promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication.By publicly acknowledging the achievers, it inspires other students to strive for success and highlights the importance of education.

Supporters also claim that these parades create a sense of pride and unity within communities.People come together to celebrate the accomplishments of the achievers, fostering a shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education.

However, critics argue that such grand celebrations place excessive pressure on the achievers.The attention and expectations may burden these students, making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives.The excessive focus on academic success may lead to stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues.

Furthermore, these celebrations can constantly stress a narrow definition of success,ignoring the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study.This can create a sense of competition and exclusion among students, where only those with exceptional exam performance are valued, thereby neglecting the importance of overall development.

While celebrating academic achievement is important, it is crucial to strike a balance.Rather than excessively glorifying the achievers, we should recognize and appreciate the diverse talents and interests of all students.Frequent emphasis on academic success may ruin the importance of personal growth, well-being, and alternative paths to success.

Ultimately, it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment that values individual achievements, encourages overall development, and appreciates the unique talents of all students.

一、阅读自测

Inference1.How does the author start this article?

A.By telling a story.

B.By explaining a scene.

C.By giving several examples.

D.By describing some phenomena.

Vocabulary2.Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word“ Proponents” in paragraph 2?

A.Critics.

B.Experts.

C.Supporters.

D.Employees.

Detail3.What is the potential negative effect of grand celebrations for the achievers?

A.Negative criticism.

B.Excessive pressure.

C.Physical health issues.

D.Sustainable competition.

Gist4.What do paragraph 5 and paragraph 6 mainly talk about?

A.The importance of overall development for a student.

B.Some better ways to celebrate academic achievement.

C.The negative impacts of celebrating academic achievement.

D.Some of the author's opinions about the true meaning of success.

二、语言汲取

（一）关于庆祝学业的表达

1.支持庆祝学业

acknowledge the achievers 认可成绩优异者

honor academic achievement 赞扬学术成就

promote a culture that encourages hard work and dedication 推崇鼓励努力和奉献的文化

inspire other students to strive for success 激励其他学生追求成功

highlight the importance of education 强调教育的重要性

foster a shared joy and a collective belief in the value of education 培养共同的快乐和对教育价值的集体信念

recognize and appreciate the diverse talents and interests of all students 承认和欣赏所有学生的多种才能和兴趣

foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment 培养支持和包容的教育环境

value individual achievements 重视个人成就

encourage overall development 鼓励全面发展

appreciate the unique talents of all students 欣赏所有学生的独特才能

2.反对庆祝学业

place excessive pressure on the achievers 给成绩优异者施加过大压力

burden these students 给这些学生造成负担

make it difficult to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 使他们难以在生活中保持健康的平衡

lead to stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues 导致压力、焦虑和其他心理健康问题

constantly stress a narrow definition of success 持续地强调对成功的狭隘定义

ignore the numerous talents and skills students possess beyond academic study 忽视学生在学术之外所拥有的众多才能与技能

create a sense of competition and exclusion among students 让学生之间产生竞争和排斥的感觉

neglect the importance of overall development 忽视全面发展的重要性

（二）精彩表达

1.The attention and expectations may burden these students, making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives.这些关注和期望可能给这些学生带来负担，使他们难以在生活中保持健康的平衡。

本句中，making it difficult for them to maintain a healthy balance in their lives 为现在分词作结果状语，使用了make it+adj.+for sb to do sth 的结构，意为“使得对某人来说做某事……”。

2.This can create a sense of competition and exclusion among students, where only those with exceptional exam performance are valued, thereby neglecting the importance of overall development.这可能会让学生之间产生竞争和排斥的感觉，只有那些考试成绩优异的学生才会受到重视，从而忽视了全面发展的重要性。

本句中，where引导的是一个定语从句，先行词为表示抽象化、模糊化地点的名词sense；neglecting the importance of overall development 为现在分词作结果状语。

3.Ultimately, it is essential that we foster a supportive and inclusive educational environment that values individual achievements, encourages overall development, and appreciates the unique talents of all students.最重要的是，我们需要营造一个支持和包容的教育环境，重视个体的成就，鼓励全面发展，并欣赏所有学生的独特才能。

本句中，it is essential that we...students使用的是“it be+adj.+that...”句型，该句型意为“……是……的”，在此句型中，it为形式主语，that引导的是一个主语从句。

三、句式仿写

1.过度强调学业成就会导致一些不良影响，可能会导致忽视学生性格发展和整体成长的重要性。

Overemphasizing academic achievements can lead to several bad impacts,______________________________.

2.学校应该创造一个鼓励和重视庆祝学业成就的环境。

The school should create an environment _______________________________.

3.庆祝学业成就很重要，不仅是为了认可个人的成就，也是为了培养卓越教育的文化。

_______________________________not only to recognize individual accomplishments but also to foster a culture of educational excellence.

四、写作实践

近期，Crazy English杂志社就“家长是否应该庆祝学业成就”开展了征文活动，下表是你班就此话题讨论的结果。请根据下表数据写一篇参赛短文。内容要点：

1.主要观点的介绍；

2.你的看法。

注意：

1.篇幅80词左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用两个前文中解析过的句式。

评价导思

A self-assessment checklist for my task Information Structure Language Conclusion 1.我会在读写过程中搜集足够的论据。□ Yes □ No 2.我的作文具有逻辑性和层次感。□ Yes □ No_____________3.我的作文重点突出，详略_____________________________________________得当。□_Yes_□_No 4.我的作文包括了引言、论证及个人观点等必备环节。□ Yes □ No_____________5.我的作文层次清晰，能阐述不同的____________________________________观点。□_Yes_□_No 6.我的作文使用了严密、精准的语言。□ Yes □ No 7.我的作文使用了恰当的衔接词和逻辑关系词。□ Yes □ No_____________8.我积累了写作观点对立型议论文的必备________________________________表达。□_Yes_□_No 9.为了阅读和写作更多类型的观点对立型议论文，我需要_________。_______________□ 分析优秀范文__□ 提升语言______________________________________□_加大练习_□_培养思维能力