人物类记叙文读写指南

湖南 王 虹

➢文体导读

人物类记叙文是叙述一个或多个主要人物的生活经历或事件的文学形式。它描绘了人物的性格、行为和生活经历，以及在特定情境中的发展和变化。人物类记叙文常具有以下几个主要语篇特征：

1.人物的塑造——人物类记叙文着重描绘主要人物的性格特点、外貌和心理。借助具体的细节和描述，读者可以建立起与人物的形象和感情的联系。

2.情节的呈现——人物类记叙文通过连续的事件和情节描述，展现人物在不同情境中的行为和反应。这些情节有时是线性的，有时是以回忆或闪回的形式呈现。

3.叙述的视角——人物类记叙文通常采用第一人称或第三人称的叙述视角。此外，这种文体有时还会运用多重视角的叙述方式，以展现不同人物之间的相互作用和关系。

4.主题和教训——人物类记叙文通常传达着一个或多个主题或教训。通过人物的经历和变化，作者试图传达一种价值观或思想，让读者从中获得启示并进行反思。

策略导航

1.预览/预读：先关注文章标题、开头和结尾，了解主题和故事线索，以形成一个框架，在阅读或写作时更有针对性和目的性。

2.注重人物描写：关注作者对主要人物的描写和刻画。注意外貌特征、行为和性格描述，以更好地理解故事。

3.理解对话和内心独白：通过仔细阅读人物之间的对话并观察他们之间的互动，了解他们的思想、情感和态度。同时，注意内心独白，这是人物思想和感受的直接展示。

4.掌握主题和教训：思考作者想要传达的主题或教训，并尝试将其与个人经验联系起来。这有助于理解故事的深层含义和思想内涵。

5.拓展阅读范围：多读不同类型的英语人物类记叙文，包括小说、短篇故事等。通过阅读更多的文学作品，你可以提升阅读速度和理解力，同时扩大词汇量并提高表达能力。

6.利用“ABCDE 原则”：从Appreciation、Background、Characteristic、Deed、Evaluation五重视角对人物进行解读，并使用不同颜色的笔对不同的部分进行标注。

素材导背

1.对人物的欣赏、评价以及人物特征

admirable adj.令人钦佩的

remarkable adj.非凡的

inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的

extraordinary adj.卓越的

courageous adj.勇敢的

compassionate adj.有同情心的

resilient adj.坚韧不拔的

wise adj.充满智慧的

talented adj.有才华的

gifted adj.有天赋的

noble adj.高尚的

visionary adj.有远见卓识的

dedicated adj.专注的

inspirational adj.激励人心的

motivated adj.有动力的

influential adj.有很大影响力的

dynamic adj.充满活力的

trustworthy adj.值得信任的

reliable adj.可靠的

honest adj.诚实的

caring adj.体贴的

loyal adj.忠诚的

kind-hearted adj.心地善良的

selfless adj.无私的

humble adj.谦逊的

respectable adj.值得尊敬的

supportive adj.支持的

ambitious adj.有野心的

charismatic adj.有超凡魅力的

persistent adj.坚持不懈的

optimistic adj.乐观的

energetic adj.精力充沛的

enthusiastic adj.热情洋溢的

patient adj.有耐心的

observant adj.观察力敏锐的

charitable adj.慈善的

creative adj.有创造力的

empathetic adj.有同感的

determined adj.坚定的

versatile adj.多才多艺的

knowledgeable adj.博学的

adaptable adj.适应性强的

persevering adj.坚持不懈的

disciplined adj.守纪律的

proactive adj.积极主动的

responsible adj.有责任心的

2.背景信息

be born and raised in 出生和成长于

from a humble background 出身卑微

well-traveled adj.游历广泛的

multicultural background 多元文化背景

be influenced by diverse cultures 受多种文化影响

hail from 来自

graduate from 毕业于

pursue education in 就读于

3.人物事迹

overcome obstacles 克服困难

make a significant impact 产生了重大影响

achieve great success 取得了巨大的成功

devote oneself to 某人致力于

inspire others 激励他人

help those in need 帮助有需要的人

persevere in the face of adversity 在逆境中坚持不懈

make significant contributions 做出了重大贡献

positively impact the lives of many 对许多人的生活产生了积极影响

excel in 在……方面做得出色

overcome personal challenges 战胜个人挑战

demonstrate exceptional skill/talent 展示了非凡的技能/才华

work tirelessly for 为……孜孜不倦地工作

make a positive difference to 对……产生了积极的影响

案例导练

A miracle mentor: Mr Johnson

奇迹导师约翰逊先生

During my high school years, one teacher had a lasting impact on me: Mr Johnson.His exceptional qualities, inspiring actions, and unwavering commitment made him an extraordinary educator.

With his friendly smile and gray hair, Mr Johnson had a special charm that influenced his students.He strongly believed in our potential and offered unwavering support.Growing up in a small town, he understood our difficulties and became a guiding light in our lives.

Inside his classroom, the walls were decorated with colorful charts, motivating quotes,and captivating artworks.Every day, Mr Johnson filled his lessons with magical energy that turned learning into an exciting adventure.He had a talent for transforming ordinary subjects into fascinating stories, using real-life examples that resonated with our teenage minds.

One example that showed Mr Johnson's dedication was during a challenging math lesson.Sensing our frustrations, he patiently explained the concepts using relatable comparisons and visual aids.He went the extra mile, staying after school to provide individual assistance for struggling students.His commitment to our success went beyond the classroom.

In addition to academic study, Mr Johnson encouraged our overall development.He organized trips to museums and universities, broadening our horizons.When we were faced with doubt, he reminded us of our strengths and instilled belief in our abilities.

A mentoring program established by Mr Johnson had a lasting impact on me.Students facing difficulties, including myself, were paired with older students who excelled in the same subjects.Through weekly meetings, these mentors offered guidance and friendship,transforming our academic journeys.

As graduation approached, we felt a mix of excitement and nostalgia (怀旧).Mr Johnson's wise words reminded us of our potential to overcome future challenges.His influence extended far beyond the classroom, shaping us into confident individuals.

Looking back, Mr Johnson's influence remains strong.He not only taught us academic knowledge but also invaluable life lessons.He connected with us on a personal level,inspiring us to pursue our dreams.

Mr Johnson's unwavering commitment, passion for teaching, and ability to make an impact made him an exceptional educator.He nurtured our growth.Mr Johnson, your influence will always be remembered and cherished in our hearts and minds.

一、阅读自测

Gist1.What is talked about about Mr Johnson in the first two paragraphs?

A.The attractiveness of his smile and hair.

B.His exceptional qualities and commitment.

C.The impact of his belief in students' potential.

D.His unique understanding of students' difficulties.

Detail2.How did Mr Johnson make learning exciting?

A.By changing subjects into fascinating stories.

B.By filling his lessons with contagious energy.

C.By using captivating artworks in the classroom.

D.By decorating the walls with motivating quotes.

Detail3.What impact did the mentoring program have on students?

A.It promoted their overall personal development.

B.It strengthened their belief in their abilities.

C.It broadened their horizons and motivation.

D.It contributed to academic improvement and friendship.

Inference4.In what aspect did Mr Johnson play a significant role?

A.Organizing graduation activities.

B.Helping students excel academically.

C.Shaping students' personalities and confidence.

D.Fostering a sense of nostalgia among students.

二、语言汲取

（一）关于人物描写、介绍或评价的语言

1.人格魅力与品质

exceptional quality 卓越的品质

inspiring action 鼓舞人心的行为

friendly smile 友善的微笑

special charm 特殊的魅力

2.教学方法和态度

unwavering commitment 坚定的承诺

magical energy 神奇的能量

talent for ……的才能

captivating artwork 迷人的艺术作品

visual aid 视觉辅助工具

go the extra mile 付出额外的努力

individual assistance 个别的帮助

3.理解和支持学生

understand our difficulties 理解我们的困难

guiding light 指引之光

offer unwavering support 提供坚定的支持

remind us of our strengths 提醒我们自己的优势

instill belief in our abilities 灌输对自身能力的信心

connect with students on a personal level 与学生建立个人关系

4.教育方法和成果

broaden our horizons 开阔我们的眼界

education program 教育计划

mentoring program 指导计划

excel in the same subjects 在相同的科目上表现出色

offer guidance and friendship 提供指导和友谊

shape us into confident individuals 把我们塑造成自信的人

5.总结和回忆

lasting impact 持久的影响

nurture our growth 滋养我们的成长

teach invaluable life lessons 教授宝贵的人生经验

（二）精彩表达

1.With his friendly smile and gray hair, Mr Johnson had a special charm that attracted students to him.约翰逊先生笑容亲切，头发花白，具有一种特殊的魅力，吸引着学生们接近他。

本句中，With his friendly smile and gray hair 是with 短语作原因状语。with 短语常由“with+宾语+宾补”构成，宾补可以是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及非谓语动词，在句中可作原因状语、时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、结果状语等。that attracted students to him是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词charm。

2.Growing up in a small town, he understood our difficulties and became a guiding light in our lives.他在一个小镇长大，理解我们的困难并成为我们生活中的指引之光。

本句中，Growing up in a small town 为现在分词作状语，表示原因。现在分词在句中还可作时间状语、伴随状语、结果状语、条件状语等。

3.He not only taught us academic knowledge but also invaluable life lessons.他不仅传授我们学术知识，还传授我们宝贵的人生经验。

本句用的是not only...but also...句型，该句型意为“不但……而且……”。当not only部分充当状语，放在句首时，句子常用半倒装的语序。

三、句式仿写

1.我们敬佩的这位老师用耐心和关怀帮助我们克服了不曾预料到的很多困难。

_______________________________, the teacher who we admired helped us overcome many challenges _______________________________.

2.老师们用他们的关怀和支持，帮助我们克服了困难和挑战，让我们深受感动。

_______________________________, the teacher assisted us in overcoming difficulties and challenges with their care and support.

3.这位老师不仅关注教学，还关注学生的个人发展，并为他们提供适当的指导和建议。

_______________________________, but he also pays attention to students' personal development and provides them with appropriate guidance and advice.

四、写作实践

近日，Crazy English杂志社举行了主题为“A miracle teacher”的征文大赛。你想写一篇短文参加本次比赛。

内容要点：

1.这位老师是谁；

2.这位老师的神奇之处；

3.你对这位老师的评价。

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3.至少需要使用两个前文中解析过的句式。

A miracle teacher

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

评价导思

A self-assessment checklist for my task Information Structure Language Conclusion 1.我会用“ABCDE原则”进行人物类记叙文的阅读和写作。□ Yes □ No 2.我的作文具有逻辑性和层次感。□ Yes □ No____________3.我的作文包含了必备的写作__________________________________________视角。□_Yes_□_No 4.我的作文包括了点题、叙述、评价等必备环节。□ Yes □ No 5.我的作文层次清晰，能叙述不同时空中发生的事件。□ Yes__□ N____________o 6.我的作文使用了简练、生动和能表达真情实感的语言。□ Yes □ No 7.我的作文使用了细节描写，能深刻刻画人物形象。□ Yes □ No____________8.我的作文注意了语法和拼写错误，语言形象且___________________________准确。□_Yes_□_No 9.为了阅读和写作更多类型的人物类记叙文，我需要________。______________□ 广泛阅读__□ 提升______________________________________________语言_□_多评价和反馈_□_其他___