疏风利肺通鼻窍

文/卓鹏伟

“秋空雁度青天远，疏树蝉嘶白露寒”。进入秋季，气温下降，空气湿度相对较低，此时也是鼻炎高发的季节，发病后出现头痛鼻塞、鼻流浊涕、嗅觉迟钝等症状。

In the fall, especially during White Dew, the wild geese fly away, the leaves on the trees become fewer and fewer, the cicadas sound weaker, and the frosty seasonal chill sets in. Into the fall, the temperature declines, the air humidity is relatively low. It is also the season of high incidence of rhinitis. There will be headache; nasal congestion; turbid nasal discharge; dull sense of smell and other symptoms.

妙“笔”神奇愈鼻病Great Remedies for Rhinitis

据传，古时候有一位秦姓举人患鼻病多年，四处求治无果。某日，秦举人在一处夷人居住的地方，得到一位白发老翁指点，用一种紫红色、毛笔头状的草药花苞与鸡蛋同煮、吃蛋喝汤，用以治病。半个月后，秦举人的鼻病神奇痊愈，高兴之余，他将草药种子带回种植，并将长出的花苞赠送病友使用，因此造福一方。此后每当有人问及花苞的名称，秦举人以草药产自夷地为由，答曰“辛夷花”。

According to legend, in ancient times, there was a provincial graduate with the surname Qin who suffered from nasal disease for many years, and sought treatment everywhere but failed. One day,in a place inhabited by barbarians, Mr. Qin was instructed by a white-haired old man to use the buds of a purplish-red, brush-tip shaped herb to cook with eggs, eat the eggs and drink the soup in order to cure his illness. Half a month later, Qin's nasal disease was miraculously cured. In his joy, he brought back the seeds of the herbs for planting and gave the buds to his fellow patients, thus benefiting everyone nearby.Since then, whenever someone asked about the name of the flower buds, Qin named the herb after the place where he found it and called it "Xinyi flowers"(Magnolia Liliflora Desr.).

鉴于辛夷花具有显著的通利鼻窍作用，后人便用它作为主药，配合若干疏风、散寒、除湿药物，组成传世名方辛夷散，被宋代中医典籍《济生方》收录。

In view of the significant effect of Magnolia Liliflora Desr on the nasal orifices, later generations used it as the main drug, together with herbs of dispelling wind; cold and dampness to develop a famous heirloom prescription of “Xinyi San”,which was included in the Song Dynasty Chinese medical textbook "Jisheng Fang".

疏散行气促透达Pungent taste moving qi and promoting smooth flow

辛夷散由10味药组成，辛夷、细辛、藁本、升麻、川芎、木通、防风、羌活、甘草、白芷。其中，辛夷花疏散风寒通鼻窍，为君药；白芷辛温散寒，羌活、藁本祛风行督脉达巅顶，为臣药；防风透达，川芎、升麻活血行气，木通泻秽浊，为佐药；辅以甘草调和，以缓诸药辛散之性，为使药。诸药合用，具有疏散风寒，泄浊通窍的功效。

''Xinyi San'' consists of 10 herbs, including Magnolia Liliflora Desr.; Herba Asari;Conioselinum anthriscoides; Rhizoma Cimicifugae; Rhizoma Chuanxiong; Caulis Akebiae; Saposhnikoviae Radix; Notopterygium incisum; Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Among them,Magnolia Liliflora Desr. dispels wind cold and clear the nasal passages so it is regarded as the monarch medicine. Angelicae Dahuricae Radix tastes pungent and warm and dispels cold, Notopterygium incisum and Conioselinum anthriscoides dispel the wind and move along the Governor Vessel to the summit. The three herbs are regarded as the minister medicine.Saposhnikoviae Radix clears the nasal passages while Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Rhizoma Cimicifugae activate blood circulation andqiflow. Caulis Akebiae helps defecation. The four herbs are regarded as the assistant medicine.Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch moderates the pungent and dispersive nature of the herbs and it is regarded as the guide medicine. The combination of these herbs has the efficacy of dispersing wind-cold, draining turbidity and helping defecation.

在现代临床，辛夷散被广泛应用于鼻息肉、过敏性鼻炎、急慢性鼻炎、鼻窦炎、副鼻窦炎等病症。

In modern clinical practice, ''Xinyi San'' is widely used for nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis,acute and chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, paranasal sinusitis and other symptoms.

舒达肝木利肺金Enhancing liver-Wood to benefit Lung-Jin

在中医理论中，肺属金、肝属木，肺主宣降气机，肝主疏泄气机。鼻病日久，人体肺气郁闭，过度克制肝木，则肝气运行受到阻滞。因此疏通气机是治疗的关键。

In TCM theory, the lung attributes to gold element while the liver attributes to wood element. The lung is in charge ofqimovement while the liver is in charge of draining theqi.When nasal disease lasts for a long time, the lung-qiwill be depressed and closed, excessively restraining the liver-wood. As a result, the operation of liver-qiis blocked. Therefore,dredgingqimovement is the key to treatment.

辛夷散的组方配伍体现了疏通肺肝气机以恢复金木相克关系平衡的五行玄机——辛夷、白芷入肺经，辛散利肺气，温宣通鼻窍；佐药防风可宣通肝气，川芎走厥阴肝经、行气活血，二者皆可调畅肝气，疏泄体内废浊之物。通过宣通肺气、疏泄肝气，使人体金木相克关系重新获得平衡，达到治病目的。

The formula of ''Xinyi San'' embodies the Five Elements mechanism of dredging the lung-qiand liver-qito restore the balance between element of gold and wood. Magnolia Liliflora Desr.and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix enter the lung meridian. The pungent of the two herbs promote air flow in the lung and clear the nasal passages.The assistant medicine of Saposhnikoviae Radix promotes movement of liver-qiand Rhizoma Chuanxiong goes to the syncopated yin liver meridian, which is active in promotingqiand blood circulation. The two herbs regulate the liver-qi, and remove the wastes and turbid substances in the body. By promoting movement of lung-qiand draining liver-qi, there will be rebalance between element of gold and wood in the human body, which will achieve the purpose of curing diseases.

结 语Conclusion

“治上焦如羽，非轻不举”，辛夷散的标准密码在于“散风通窍”四个字，并在疏通肺肝气机的同时，辅以药物加强肺部能力，从而达到治疗鼻炎的目的。需要注意的是，阴虚火炎者，虽见鼻窍不通，亦忌用本品。

The treatment of the upper-jiao is like a feather and never overdose. The standard code of ''Xinyi San'' lies in the words of ''dispersing wind and opening the orifices". Rhinitis is treated by promoting the movement ofqiin the lung and liver and strengthening lung by supplement of medicines. It should be noted that this prescription is contraindicated in cases of yin deficiency and heat inflammation, even if the nasal orifices are blocked.