英文目录与摘要

TheSpiritof20thCPCNationalCongressStudies

AResearchonMechanismandPathoftheDevelopmentofTibetanTourismIndustryfromthePerspectiveofDigitalEconomy

Zhao Lihong,Yuan Huiai(1)

Tourism is an important strategic supporting industry in Tibet,based on the new perspective of digital economy,combined with Tibet’s shortcomings in the acquisition of digital elements,digital application scenarios and digital service levels,through the construction of new infrastructure,the use of digital economy to integrate industry resources,promote industry integration,improve the quality of tourism and other paths,build a mechanism system for the transformation of development momentum,efficiency improvement and service quality,so as to realize the development of tourism in Tibet.

ThePracticalPathofChinese-styleModernizationinBorderEthnicAreas

Chai Xiaojun(11)

The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China issued a great call to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization.Border ethnic areas have an important strategic position in promoting Chinese-style modernization,are important regions for promoting economic and social development,are resource reserve bases,and are also important places for ensuring homeland security and ecological security.To promote Chinese-style modernization in border ethnic areas,it is necessary to take measures in integrating into the new development pattern,protecting national security barriers,building ecological security highlands,maintaining ethnic unity,and consolidating border tranquility.

“ForgeaSenseofCommunityfortheChineseNation”Researches

TheTrendofLocalHistoricalDevelopmentinTibetandtheConstructionoftheSenseofCommunityfortheChineseNation

Norbu(22)

In the 18th century,the local political situation in Tibet was full of ups and downs,but one mainstream trend became increasingly clear:the Qing Dynasty’s rule in Tibet was strengthened from indirect to direct.The general process was to take advantage of the contradictions and conflicts between the upper echelons of Mongolia and Tibet to gradually increase the intensity of direct intervention,to drive Tibet to end the pattern of joint governance between Mongolia and Tibet,to change the situation of poor local governance at that time,and to gradually implement the model of joint management of Tibetan affairs by Amban stationed in Tibet and the Dalai Lama,and finally to form a complete form of feudal serfdom system integrating politics and religion,which was wholeheartedly supported by Tibetan monks and laymen,and was fixed in the form of law,becoming a vivid embodiment of the sense of community for the Chinese nation.

TributaryExample:theLegalRegulationoftheTributaryofUszangintheMingDynasty

Gao Junzhi,Chen Wuqiang(32)

The tributary regulations are the legal regulations of the Uszang(an alternative term for Tibet) tributary in the Ming Dynasty,including the tributary road,the tribute period,the number of tributaries,and the tributary tribute sent by the political and religious leaders of Uszang,and its terms are formulated according to the tributary activities of Uszang,and have been revised and improved accordingly according to the time and place,and have the characteristics of expediency,imflexibility and flexibility.The Uszang tributary regulations promulgated by the Ming Dynasty aimed to comprehensively standardize the Uszang tributary matters by refining the procedures for the entry of the Uszang tribute envoys,the reception of the imperial court,the reward of tribute and the resignation of the tributary envoys,and put them into a reasonable and legal institutional framework,demonstrating the Ming Dynasty’s right to speak in the tributary system,and its importance cannot be ignored.

Originality,IntegrationandDiversity:Inheritance,InnovationandDevelopmentofContemporaryTibetanLiterature

Danzhen Cao(43)

Contemporary Tibetan literature is an important part of the “Great Literary View” of Chinese literature under the sense for the community of the Chinese nation.Tibetan literature inherits more than 1,400 years of Tibetan written literary tradition,and embodies the literary characteristics of multi-ethnic cultural exchanges.Since the beginning of the new era,a group of outstanding Tibetan writers have emerged in contemporary Tibetan literature,who have been able to create works in Tibetan,Chinese,Tibetan and English and other languages at the same time,and have consciously taken the initiative to use modern Tibetan for creation,so that the original Tibetan aphoristic poems,fable novels and other traditional literary styles have been inherited,innovated and developed,and have attracted the attention and research of Tibetan,Chinese,English and other multilingual reading worlds.The ancient poetic wisdom carried by Tibetan literature itself,from compassion and benevolence to poetic romance,is full of emotional power and philosophical reflection on the ultimate meaning of life,placing the “regional studies”and “ethnic characteristics studies” of Tibetan literary creation in a broader historical and cultural context,and it is necessary to continuously expand the boundaries of Tibetan literature in order to construct a poetics of a multi-ethnic community.

TraditionalTibetoloyResearches

AStudyonTuboLuzansaluo’sEntryintoTang

Solang Phuntsok(53)

The historical event of Tubo Luzansa entering Tang is missing in Tibetan and Chinese historical books,and it is unique to Luzan’s epitaph.Examining the epitaph,it can be seen that Luzansa entered the Tang at the latest in the first year of the Tang Dynasty,but the sentence “Fuqinling”(father Qinling) recorded in the epitaph is different from the historical facts.According to an in-depth analysis of the current situation in Tibet at that time,it is very likely that the owner of this tomb was another branch of the Gar clan mentioned in the Dunhuang documents,and because of the succession dispute of the Tibetan royal family,the family was brutally suppressed by the brothers of the Lhun Qinling,causing him to enter the Tang indignantly.

TheRealityofTibet:ADiscussionfromthePerspectiveoftheReformofTibetanPoliticsintheLateQingDynasty

Zhao Shubin(60)

“Tibet reality” is a specific theoretical concept produced by the Communist Party of China(CPC) when it successfully applied the innovative theory of Marxism in China to continuously understand Tibet objectively and promote the practice of governing Tibet,and it is also an important criterion for judging the success or failure of practice in history.“Tibet reality” has the important meaning of balancing subjectivity and objectivity,overall and partial,commonality and individuality,history and stage,unity and pluralism.From the perspective of “Tibet reality”,it can be found that the understanding ofpolitics Tibet in the late Qing Dynasty is more political,overall,common,and integral,while the evaluation of relevant studies is more inclined to be local,special,and pluralistic.

ZhongYingandtheTibetanAffairsoftheLateQingDynastyandtheEarlyRepublicofChina

Kang Xinping(69)

In 1905,at the age of 18,Zhong Ying began to gather and train the New Army (also known as the Sichuan Army) in Sichuan,and in 1909,when the new army was completed,the Qing court sent him to lead an army to Tibet.The young Zhong Ying’s ability to train this army to Tibet and Sichuan is related to the strong support of his father Jin Chang.Jin Chang was a Manchu general who resisted the invasion of the Eight-Nation Alliance during the Boxer Rebellion,and was later sent to Chengdu by the Qing government under pressure from foreign powers.Zhong Ying led his army to Tibet and was blocked by the local government of Tibet,and Zhao Erfeng sent border troops to escort him,and Zhao thought he was afraid and timid.After Zhong Ying led the army to Lhasa,Lianyu,Amban stationed in Tibet,did not value him,but paid more attention to Luo Changqi,and Zhong Ying was disgraced in the Battle of Bomi.After the Xinhai Revolution,Zhong Ying hated the revolution and took action to try to extinguish it.After the fall of the Qing Dynasty,Zhong followed the trend and served as the chief of the Republic of China Office in Tibet.The chaos and conflict in Tibet caused by Dingge intensified,and Zhong Ying’s consideration of the safety of the troops stationed in Tibet and Sichuan was also one of the main reasons for the intensification of the conflict.Zhong Ying was responsible for a series of events in Tibet at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,overestimating his role in this historical process.

CommentaryonDunhuangTibetanManuscriptP.T.972TextualSource

Jixi Cili(77)

ATextualResearchontheAuthenticNameof“TuboAnnexe”

Su Liguo(88)

At present,the academic community has basically determined the geographical location of the important pavilion “Tubo Annex” on the Tangbo Ancient Road,but its exact name has not been deeply explored.By comparing and interpreting the poems and texts of different versions of Lü Wen’s envoys to Tibet,analyzing the characteristics of the vocabulary of the posts in the Chi Ling Southwest Province of the ancient Tang Dynasty,examining the records of the “Lieyi” in the Tang envoy’s entry into Tibet,and discussing the inner thinking of Lü Wen’s poems,it can be determined that the original name of the “Tubo Annex” is “Tubo Lieguan”,that is,“Lieyi” of the ancient Tang Bo Road,and the “Tubo Annex” in Lü Wen’s poems is actually a mistake of “Tubo Lieguan”.

AStudyontheLiteratureValueofLocalChroniclesofLhasa

Li Qiyue(97)

Li Menggao claimed that the “LocalChroniclesofLhasa” was written in the 25th year of Daoguang.In fact,the book is mainly copied from the “TibetOverview” compiled by the Japanese writer published in the 34th year of Guangxu,after 1908.The full text of the “LocalChroniclesofLhasa” consists of 11 items,of which 9 items are closely related to the “TibetOverview”;its transcription is mainly based on interception of contents,and it is difficult to make a system of its own;and because of the poor compilation,the phenomenon of text distortion and derivation is relatively serious,and has no much documentary value.

AGlimpseintothePoetryandThoughtofGendunQunpei

Jiu Mai(105)

Gendun Qunpei’s poems are popular,beautiful,unpretentious,and philosophical,which embodies humanist thought,and is one of the entry points for in-depth research on Gendun Qunpei’s thought.A combing and analysis of the scattered poems and essays written by Gendun Qunpei provides a glimpse into how he transformed from a Tibetan Buddhist monk to a Tibetan humanist scholar.Throughout his life,we can find that his humanistic spirit covers the two dimensions of “religion” and “society”,the spirit of “Ri Xuanba” who does not seek fame and fortune germinated his initial humanist thoughts,the revolutionary trends of thought in South Asia and other places aroused his humanistic consciousness,and “WhiteAnnals” and “Klu-sgrub-dgongs-rgyan” are the specific expressions of his humanistic thoughts.

GrassrootsSocialLitigationMechanismanditsCharacteristicsintheLateQingDynastyinGansu-QinghaiTibetanareas

Sha Yong(112)

In the late Qing Dynasty,the dispute resolution of the grassroots society in the Gansu-Qinghai Tibetan areas basically followed the main procedures of acceptance of complaints,identification of evidence,mediation and evaluation,trial affidavit,and urging enforcement,which reflected the general procedures similar to those of the litigation mechanism in the mainland.However,in specific judicial practice,based on the practical consideration of the special social ecology and local customs and folk conditions in the Gansu-Qinghai Tibetan areas,the Qing government implemented the governance concept of “governing according to customs”,and paid attention to flexibility,coordination and flexible handling in terms of legal procedures,application of law,and trial and judgment.In the game,transfer and redistribution of various powers such as official,tribal,and monastic,the legal control over the Gansu-Qinghai Tibetan areas has been further strengthened,the social stability of the border areas has been maintained,and the people’s national identity has been strengthened.

ContemporaryTibet-relatedStudies

AStudyonthe“Re-historicization”oftheLinguisticLandscapeofBarkhorStreet

Li Yongbin(123)

As a historical district,Barkhor Street should inherit and promote historical culture and preserve the historical and cultural memory of the city in the overall protection of cultural resources excavation and cultural ecology,and highlight the historical and cultural attributes and humanistic connotations of Barkhor Street as an old city in a “re-historicized” way through historical relics,historical vocabulary,historical connotation,folk art,fonts,pictures and symbols,logo materials,colors and ornaments,etc.,so as to gradually have historic sites,residences,ethnic commerce,tourism,commerce,and other social functions.

MultimodalDiscourseInterpretationoftheComicTranslationoftheLivingEpicGesar

Wang Zhiguo,Zhang Ruonan(134)

The comic version of Gesar tells the story of the hero Gesar in the form of intertextuality and illustration,aiming to present the essence of the living epic to Chinese and foreign readers.Comic translation is not only about text conversion and illustration transplantation,but also about the mutual interpretation and semantic complementarity between the readable and visible modes.The difficulty of comic translation is how to overcome the dyslexia caused by the lack of homogeneity or cultural differences between words and images.The multimodal interpretation of comic translation has important academic value and practical significance for the expansion of the horizon of translation studies in the new era.

OptimizetheSelectionofPathsforIntegratingTibetanMarriageCustomaryLawintoNationalLaw:AnInvestigationCenteredon372JudgmentsonTibetanDivorceDisputes

Wang Xiaohui(141)

From the 372 judgments on Tibetan divorce disputes,it can be seen that the customary law of Tibetan marriage emphasizes the enforcement of rules and the interests of the extended family,while the national law emphasizes the equality of men and women in terms of freedom of divorce with respect for premarital personal property,bride price or dowry,support of minor children,and division of common property,and emphasizes the protection of the interests of minors and nuclear families.To promote the integration of Tibetan marriage customary law into national law,it is necessary to improve the marriage dispute resolution mechanism that links court mediation and traditional mediation,reform the marriage trial procedure,establish a restoration model that conforms to the characteristics of Tibetan marriage,strengthen the role of legal education,and improve the awareness of modern marriage and family among Tibetans.

AStudyofClassificationofTibetanVerbsBasedonThreeBasicVerbElements

Cai Hua,Qun Nuo(151)

The modern verb classification method of Tibetan language focuses on the needs of information processing,without fully considering the grammatical characteristics and theoretical framework,which is difficult to be unified with the traditional grammar of the language.In addition,the classification standards are different,which inevitably leads to the phenomenon of interlocking.Through analyzing various relevant language research materials,the author argues that the verb classification method of three basic verb elements could reveal the internal relationship between the theory of case grammar and the theory of coordinate grammar by describing the number of basic verbs and the relationship between semantic and category.This classification method not only inherits the fundamental idea of the traditional grammar of Tibetan language,but also further refines and improves the traditional classification system,better reflecting the syntactic and semantic differences between verbs.What is more,this method could be self-explanatory,achieve the basic requirements of “no miscellaneous,no duplication,no omission” and reasonably explain the phenomenon of “Semantic equivalence” in Tibetan language.