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解答四类阅读理解题的方法

2023-11-30胡娟

语数外学习·高中版上旬 2023年9期
关键词:主旨词义本题

胡娟

高中英語阅读理解题对考生的考查主要有以下四种类型:(1)理解文本具体细节的能力,即细节理解题;(2)根据上下文猜测划线词汇意义的能力,即词义猜测题;(3)理解文章的基本结构,概括文章或文段主旨大意的能力,即主旨大意题;(4)简单判断及推断作者的写作意图、观点和态度的能力,即判断推理题。在此篇文章里为同学们提供解答这四种类型题目的策略,希望能够帮助大家提高解题能力。

一、细节理解题

在解答细节理解题时,考生可以运用以下两种策略:定位关键词和排除法。首先,同学们阅读题目,并标出题干中的关键词。然后,根据找到的关键词回到原文中寻找它们在文章中的位置。这种方法有助于我们捕捉细节信息。当遇到模糊或难以选择的选项时,同学们可以尝试使用排除法。这要求我们对正确选项和干扰选项的特点有较全面的了解。。

(2023·全国统一考试新课标II卷英语·B篇第一段)

Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is,says Abby Jaramillo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,a school garden program at four low- income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills,environmental awareness,and healthy lifestyles.

阅读题第24 题What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?

A.She used to be a health worker.

B.She grew up in a low-income family.

C.She owns a fast food restaurant.

D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.

[分析]本题考查理解具体信息的能力。具体解题步骤⑴在题干中标注定位词Abby Jaramillo,(2)在原文中找出信息句,“And at first it is,says Abby Jaramil?lo,who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts,... low-income schools.”起初是这样的,艾比·哈拉米洛说,她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。(3)比对选项与信息句,可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者,故选D项。

二、判断推理题

解答推理题的核心在于利用文章所提供的信息,运用逻辑思维和一定的常识,对已知的事实进行分析、推理和判断,以获得未知信息。

(2023·全国统一考试新课标I卷英语·A篇第二段)

Why MacBike

MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strate?gic locations,we make sure there is always a bike avail?able for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide vari?ety,including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats,and childrens bikes.

阅读题第21 题What is an advantage of MacBike?

A. It gives children a discount.

B. It offers many types of bikes.

C. It organizes free cycle tours.

D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.

[分析]本题考查推断的能力。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles... childrens bikes.(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车,包括有脚刹的基础款自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可知,MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B项。

三、词义猜测题

考生可利用上下文线索、利用逻辑关系、根据构词法、根据常识猜测词义。

(2023·全国统一考试新课标II卷英语·C篇第二段)

In this“book of books,”artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections be?tween different eras and cultures. We see scenes of chil?dren learning to read at home or at school,with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘)alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume,deep in thought or lost in a mo?ment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,but they record moments we can all relate to.

阅读30 题What do the underlined words “relate to”in paragraph 2 mean?

A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.

[分析]本题考查词义。根据画线词的上文“We see scenes of children... relations between the genera?tions.”以及“Adults are portrayed... ,but they record moments(我们看到孩子们和成年人读书的场景,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知,此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带,故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A项。

四、主旨大意题

在解答主旨大意题时,考生可以通过略读文本并捕捉其中的关键词和主题句来找到答案。一些文章或段落的主题句通常出现在开头或末尾。为了正确解答主旨大意题,我们需要分析文章的结构,理解作者在文中的详略安排以及上下文的逻辑关系。通过梳理文章的主题脉络,我们可以弄清作者的思路和写作意图,最终得出主旨大意。在回答问题时,切勿断章取义,以偏概全,要全面考慮文章的内容。

(2023·全国统一考试新课标I卷英语·D篇第二段)

This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors arent always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate,and come to underesti?mate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors wont cancel each other out. In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that peoples estimates be independent. If for whatever rea?sons,peoples errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.

阅读题第32 题What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?

A. The methods of estimation.

B. The underlying logic of the effect.

C. The causes of peoples errors.

D. The design of Galtons experiment.

[分析]本题考查段落的主旨大意。第二段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的,各不相同的误差平均在一起,相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B项。

高中生应该学会针对不同的题目类型,运用一些有效的解题技巧,以提高解题的效率和准确性。同时,同学们要重视归纳整理,回头反思,要深度剖析出现错误的原因。争取做到做错一道题,汲取一个教训;做对一道题掌握几个规律。

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