太平洋沿岸的自然灾害

2023-11-26李奕群

疯狂英语·新阅版 2023年10期

李奕群

1 There have been a lot of volcanic activities in a single year. In 2018， Mount Mayonin the Philippines erupted in January which continued for over a month. In February，Mount Sinabung erupted in Indonesia. And in June， an eruption in Guatemala killed morethan 100 people.

2 On average， there are 10 to 20 volcanoes erupting around the world at any giventime. Most are concentrated along the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This region is known asthe Ring of Fire， with hundreds of volcanoes stretching 40，000 kilometers. It‘s also wheremost of the earthquakes and tsunamis in the world takeplace. That year alone， the region saw 4 eruptions and5 of the world‘s biggest earthquakes. The Ring of Fireis where some of historys most destructive natural disastershave happened and will continue to happen.

3 Volcanoes have terrorized people for centuries.In the 1800s， explorers and scientists started groupingthem together. Take a look at the map from 1852. It hasthe volcanic series of Australia and the volcanic seriesof Japan and Kamchatka， in Russia. Scientists recognized the belt of activity， but it wouldtake another 100 years until they agreed on what caused it.

4 By the 1960s， most scientists concluded the earths surface is made up of a series ofplates that slowly move into and apart from each other. The Ring of Fire is the result ofthese plates crashing into each other. The plates in the Pacific are moving faster thanother plates around the world， adding stress to where the plates interact. This plate ismoving northwest， crashing into the North American Plate， which explains all the vol?canoes in Mexico. Over in California， the Pacific Plate is crushing past the North AmericanPlate—where they meet is called the San Andreas Fault. The movement causes thousandsof earthquakes a year. A few of them are even large enough to cause serious damage.Like the San Francisco Oakland earthquake in 1989， which killed 63 people and injurednearly 4，000 people.

ReadingCheck

1. What‘s the location of the Ring of Fire？

A. Along the edges of the Indian Ocean.

B. Along the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

C. Along the edges of the Atlantic Ocean.

D. Along the edges of the Arctic Ocean.

2. How did scientists recognize the belt of activity？

A. They did research on the spot.

B. They were told by other explorers.

C. They referred to the resources in the library.

D. They grouped the volcanoes together on the map.

3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about？

A. How the San Andreas Fault was formed.

B. The crash of plates on the earths surface caused many natural disasters.

C. What effects the San Francisco‘Oakland earthquake had.

D. There are many natural disasters along the edges of the Pacific Ocean.

4. What is the reason for the volcanoes in Mexico？

A. The plates in the Pacific are moving southwest.

B. The plates in the Pacific are full of mountains in this region.

C. The plates in the Pacific are moving slower than other plates.

D. The plates in the Pacific crash into the North American Plate.

? 语篇解码

本文是一篇说明文。太平洋沿岸自然灾害频发，原因在于板块运动。文章具体介绍了科学家们发现该原因的过程和结论。

Ⅱ. 语句分析

1. The plates in the Pacific are moving faster than other plates around the world，adding stress to where the plates interact. 太平洋上的板块比世界上其他板块移动得更快，给板块相互作用的地方增加了压力。

【点石成金】本句中，adding 是现在分词作状语， where 引导的是一个宾语从句，表示“……的地方”。

2. This plate is moving northwest， crashing into the North American Plate， which explainsall the volcanoes in Mexico. 这个板块正在向西北移动，撞向北美板块，这解释了墨西哥所有的火山爆发。

【点石成金】本句中，crashing 是现在分词作状语表示伴随，move和crash两个动作几乎同时发生。which引导的是非限制性定语从句，指代的是前面的整个句子。

? 语言运用

Ⅰ. 例句仿写

1. 那孩子跌倒了，头撞到门上。

The children fell， _______against the door.

2. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。

In the presence of so many people he was little tense，_______

Ⅱ. 写作实践

你校与加拿大温莎学校的师生以“Protect ourselves from natural disasters”为主题，开展了探讨月活动，请你围绕该主题在活动中发表演讲。

注意：

1. 詞数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。