通过我的导师看两会

文/庞 琳（美国） 译/史聪一

在美国生活了19年后，如今我再次回到了中国这片热土，时常听到这样一句话：“人民至上。”在中国，党和国家始终将人民利益摆在至关重要的位置。我的博士生导师陈霞在全国政协也牢记为民履职。她是中国社会科学院哲学研究所的研究员。除了日常教学及科研工作，她还身兼数职，担任《哲学动态》与《中国哲学年鉴》的编辑部主任。此外，她还是联合国教科文组织创立的国际哲学与人文科学理事会（CIPSH）执行委员会成员（2020年至2023年），联合国教科文组织丝绸之路青年研究基金科学顾问小组联合主席，并在2022年至2023年度成为博古睿研究院中国中心（BICC）的博古睿学者。在哲学人文学科领域，陈霞研究员一直精进不已。

“Put the people first.” Since my return to China 19 years after residing in the United States,I have frequently heard this sentiment.It indicates that in China,people’s interests are the first priority for the Party and the state.My doctoral advisor,Professor Chen Xia,also remembered to carry out her duties for the people’s interest in the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).She is also a researcher at the Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.In addition to teaching and research,she occupies multiple positions,including editorial director ofPhilosophical TrendsandChinese Philosophical Almanack.Moreover,she is a member of the Executive Committee of the International Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences (CIPSH) (2020-2023),co-chair of the Scientific Advisory Group of the UNESCO Silk Road Youth Research Grant,and a Berggruen Fellow at the Berggruen Institute,China Centre (BICC) (2022-2023).In the field of philosophy and the humanities,she never ceases learning.

每当春季来临，中国人民总会以多种多样的形式举办各种迎春活动，其中就包括盛大的庆典，以及充满活力的舞龙舞狮等。在此期间，全国两会也在北京召开。我的导师说：“政协委员要坚持履职为民，建言资政、凝聚共识，抓住涉及人民群众切身利益的实际问题，发挥桥梁和纽带作用。”政协委员的一项重要工作是提交提案。一份体现民心民意的提案，一步步变为决策参考和施政措施，体现了协商民主的重要价值。导师继续说道：“在我国的政治制度中有选举民主和协商民主两种重要形式。人民政协作为社会主义协商民主的重要渠道和专门协商机构，体现了有事好商量、众人的事情由众人商量，协商于决策之前和实施之中的协商民主的特点，是发展全过程人民民主的重要载体。协商民主的目的就是通过对话、商量，包容、吸纳和协调各种民意诉求，使人民对公共事务有广泛而有序的参与，追求的是使政府的决策和工作更好地顺应民意，让众多合理的诉求得到满足。”

The Chinese celebrate the arrival of spring with a variety of spectacular activities,including opulent celebrations and lively dragon and lion dances.During this time,Beijing hosted the National Two Sessions.My advisor stated,“Members of the CPPCC take it seriously to adhere to fulfilling their responsibilities for the people,provide advice and suggestions,gather consensus,identify realistic issues that affect the vital interests of the people,and serve as bridges and ties.” Members of the CPPCC submitting proposals are their significant duties.Once selected,a proposal that reflects public opinion will progressively become a reference for decision-making and a governance measure,reflecting the importance of consultative democracy.The researcher continued,“China’s political system contains two significant forms of electoral democracy and consultative democracy.As a significant channel and special consultative body of socialist consultative democracy,the CPPCC plays a crucial role in the development of socialist democracy,which has the characteristics of consultative democracy with the principles of everything being subject to consultation for the people,everything being open to consultation by the people,and consultation occurring prior to and during the implementation of decisions.Through dialogue,consultation,inclusiveness,assimilation,and coordination of diverse public opinions and pursuits,consultative democracy aims to achieve widespread and orderly participation of the people in public affairs.Its ultimate objective is for government decisions to better reflect public opinion and to fulfil more reasonable public desires.”

根据中国网络电视台（CNTV）的数据，仅今年两会就收到人大代表建议8000多件，政协委员提案5000多件。这组数字充分说明人大代表和政协委员积极参政议政。他们不仅对相关的政事具有很高的参与度，还积极履行自身义务。在同陈霞研究员的交谈过程中，我对她2018年以来的提案进行了跟踪与梳理，发现自己从中学到了许多东西，受益匪浅。

自2018年成为全国政协委员以来，陈霞研究员就不断思考如何更好地履职。作为一名社科界的委员，她很关心哲学社会科学的发展。她2018年提交了《发展审辩思维，提升民族创新能力》的提案。2019年她提交了《为我国哲学社会科学设立国家级奖励与荣誉的建议》的提案，强调在现代国家的建设中应将人文和科技的并重。我们不仅要为新时代培养科学家、工程师、企业家，也要培养为中华民族伟大复兴增加动力的哲学家和思想家。为新中国建设、改革开放、新时代中国特色社会主义建设进行探索的哲学社会科学工作者也应该受到重视，并得到与自然科学家同等的荣誉。

According to CNTV’s data,more than 8,000 suggestions from the Chinese People’s Congress (CPC) and more than 5,000 proposals from the CPPCC have been submitted to the Two Sessions this year alone.The data demonstrates conclusively that they are eager to participate in and discuss politics.In addition to a high level of participation in pertinent political affairs,they also actively fulfil their responsibilities.During this conversation with Researcher Chen Xia,I tracked and categorized her proposals from 2018 and discovered that I have gained a great deal of knowledge from them,which has greatly enhanced my understanding of China.

Since being a member of CPPCC in 2018,Chen has cont i nuously pondered how to bet ter car r y out her responsibilities.As a representative of the social science community,she has a particular interest in the evolution of the philosophy and social science disciplines.She submitted a follow-up proposal in 2018 titled “Developing Critical Thinking and Enhancing National Innovation Capacity”.She submitted the “Proposal for Establishing National Awards and Honors for Philosophy and Social Sciences in China”in 2019 which she argues that the fundamental principle of natural sciences and human sciences should be reflected in the balanced emphasis placed on the development of humanity and technology.We must not only need scientists,engineers,and entrepreneurs for the new era,but also philosophers and intellectuals who contribute to the great rejuvenation in the new era.In the new era,philosophers and social scientists who investigate the construction of China,reforming and opening up,and the construction and design of socialism with Chinese characteristics should be accorded the same respect as natural scientists.

她表示，在儒家文化思想中，素以“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”而闻名于世；而在道家文化中，则崇尚“修之于身，其德乃真……修之于天下，其德乃普”。因此，无论是儒家思想还是道家思想都希望建立和谐有序且能释放创造性的社会。但传统文化今天需要创造性转化和创新性发展，用好国内国际两种资源，以海纳百川的宽阔胸襟，吸收借鉴人类一切优秀文明成果。

今年，陈霞研究员贡献了题为《推广现代逻辑教育、提升科技创新能力、构建自主知识体系》的提案。她说，在党的二十大报告中，明确提出要加强基础研究。逻辑学作为论证科学，是知识体系的基础，也是所有科学知识体系得以建立和完善的论证工具。人类只要思考就离不开逻辑，审辩思维的标准也是逻辑。正是基于此，联合国教科文组织将逻辑学列为七大基础性学科之一，并从2019年起，将每年的1月14日定为“世界逻辑日”，旨在展现逻辑学在思维与生活中的关键性地位。随后，陈霞研究员继续说道，当前中国发展势头迅猛，其中高科技发挥着举足轻重的作用，今天的高科技则是由逻辑思维与创新所支撑；因此，我们需要大量具有逻辑思维能力的教师与学生。从长远来看，无论是我们作为国家的一分子，还是人类命运共同体的一员，都将不断面临各种挑战，而逻辑思维能力，将成为推动人类社会前进的基础性力量。

She stated that in Confucianism,it is known for “cultivating one’s character,regulating the family,governing the nation,and levelling the world”.In Daoist culture,it advocates “Cultivate it in your person,and the character you develop will be genuine…Cultivate it in the world,and its character will be allpervading.” Therefore,both Confucianism and Daoism seek to establish a society that is both harmonious and orderly,and which fosters innovation.Nevertheless,traditional culture demands creative transformation and innovative development in the present day.We need both domestic and international resources,just as why the rivers and seas can be king over the valeys is that they are good at staying lower than the valeys,and possessing a dynamic and expansive intellect,he drew upon all of the outstanding achievements of human civilizations.

This year,Chen contributed a proposal titled“Promoting Education on Modern Logics,Enhancing Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity,and Constructing an Independent Knowledge System”.She informed me that the report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC proposes enhancing fundamental research.With systems of scientific measures of analyzing and demonstrating,logic is the basis of the knowledge system and a tool and metric for establishing enhanced scientific knowledge systems.As long as they engage in the act of thinking,humans cannot escape logic.Moreover,logic is the standard for critical thinking.In light of this,UNESCO has designated logic as one of the seven core academic disciplines.In addition,since 2019,UNESCO has designated January 14th as “World Logic Day” in an effort to promote the position of logic in every day and academic activities.Chen continues,by stating that high technology plays a crucial role,which is supported by logical reasoning and innovation at its foundation.Fostering innovation and creativity requires a large number of teachers and students well-versed in critical thinking skills that incorporate logic.Eventually,critical thinking skills will be the basic force that propels society forward,given the challenges facing our nation and the human species as a whole.

在履职过程中，陈霞研究员也非常关注与每个人息息相关的“生老病死”方面的民生问题。在这方面建言献策体现了道家先贤老子在2500多年前所提出的观点：“贵以身为天下，若可寄天下；爱以身为天下，若可托天下。”因此，陈霞研究员2021年提交了《构建生育支持体系 促进经济社会持续发展的建议》，提出制定合理的以家庭为单位的家庭生育假，包括女性的产假、男性的陪产假以及“生产”和“抚育”阶段夫妻共享的育儿假，举全社会之力，共同降低生育成本，构建“生育友好型社会”。中国已经进入并将长期处于老龄社会。2020年她提交了《加强政府主导、培育社会力量——应对老龄社会的几点建议》的提案，建议建立集中统一、职责清晰的老龄事务部，整合各类资源，激发、培育、引导各类社会力量，共同参与承担养老服务的社会责任，缓解养老问题对社会造成的压力，并建议将九九重阳节定为法定的敬老节，全国放假一天。2022年，她的提案是《关于殡葬改革与制定〈离世法〉的建议》，希望实现对人生所有重要环节的关心。陈霞研究员平静而坚定，其诉说方式别具一格，她说人是“向死而生”的存在，死生事大，关系到每个人。我们不仅要把“生”的事情安排好，让人有尊严地活，也要把“死”的后事办好，让人有尊严地离世，这就需要基本公共服务体系涵盖人的整个生命周期。她本人时刻牢记那句古老的至理名言：道不远人。她关注到了社会的种种需求，而这些需求不仅存在于老年人之中，还涉及年轻群体。她发现，对于很多新市民、青年人来说，租房是开启城市生活的“第一站”。安居才能乐业，如何让更多奉献在大城市的人实现“万家灯火，终有一盏是归处”，推动美好租住，她提出满足新市民便捷租房、安心租住的需求，塑造更加清朗的住房租赁市场环境，构建更加和谐稳定的租赁关系。

对于导师，我常怀着一种发自肺腑的感激之情，她如同广袤夜空中闪耀的一颗恒星，永远是我的榜样。在全国两会上，陈霞研究员积极地建言献策，也展示了一位乐于奉献的快乐工作者的形象：她为人民履职，为社会贡献自己的一份力量。陈霞教授不仅是一位爱读书、勤思考的楷模，还是一位为人民利益而奔走呼号的优秀榜样。需要向她学习的东西实在太多了，我会再接再厉，努力学习。

During the course of her duties,Chen observed that the most fundamental livelihood issues known to the Chinese as birth,aging,illness,death issues that are intertwined with every individual’s existence.In this regard,she offered advice as the Daoist sage Laozi did over 2500 years ago: “Those who value the care of their own persons more than the running of the world can be put in charge of the world.And those who begrugde the persons as though they were the world can be entrusted with the world.” Therefore,in 2021,Researcher Chen Xia,submitted the “Proposal for Building a Maternity Support System to Promote Sustainable Economic and Social Development” with the following recommendations: It is imperative to develop childbirth-friendly Maternity Leave policies,including maternity leave for women,paternity leave for men,and parental leave shared by couples during “childbirth”and various “nurturing-childrearing” stages.To reduce the cost of childrearing and establish a “childbearingfriendly society,” the collective efforts of all members of society must be coordinated.China has entered an ageing society that will persist for decades.In 2020,she submitted a proposal titled “Strengthening Government Leadership and Cultivating Social Forces—Several Suggestions for Responding to an Ageing Society”,proposing the establishment of a centralized,unified,and clearly defined Ministry of Ageing Affairs,integrating various resources,stimulating,nurturing,and guiding various social forces,jointly participating in the social responsibility of providing elderly care services,and relieving the pressure on the healthcare system.In addition,she suggested that Double Ninth Festival be designated as a national holiday for the elderly,with one day off for the entire nation.“Suggestions on Funeral System Reform and the Law for the Dead” was the title of her 2022 proposal.Fostering the realization of a concern for all significant periods of life.Chen Xia,a researcher,is composed and resolute;she speaks in a distinctive manner,asserting that death and life are important issues that affect everyone.We must not only help people live decently as well as people can die with dignity.This necessitates that the fundamental public service system covers the entire life cycle of individuals.She is constantly reminded of the ancient Daoist proverb,“The Dao is never far from people”.She has also paid attention to various social requirements that not only affect the elderly but also the younger generation as a whole.For many newly migrated city-dwellers and young people,renting a home is the “first step” in settling into urban life,according to her research.We all hope to live and work in peace and contentment.How can we let more city-dwellers to enjoy a nice home and promote better rental experiences and policies? She proposed meeting the requirements of new city-dwellers for convenient and secure rental housing,creating a more transparent housing environment for the rental market,and establishing more stable and harmonious rental relationships.

I felt profound gratitude towards my adviser.What a shining example! Her participation in the Two Sessions has provided us with a vivid portrait of a hard-working,community-minded individual who is always searching for a case-specific solution.She is a shining example of someone who enjoys reading and thinking,is constantly learning,and works for the benefit of others.There is so much to learn,and I will continue to do so.