句子还原题例析

许灿

中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。

阅读理解还原题是将短文中某些句子挖掉，然后要求从所给的句子选项中选择正确的句子完成短文（有时还设多余的干扰句子），所给的备选句子往往是短文的主题句、总结句或承上启下的过渡句。这类题和常规的完形填空同属于残缺阅读范畴，它们不仅考查学生的语言基础知识、交际能力，更是对学生心理素质的检验。但其与完形填空所不同的是，句子还原题阅读已经上升到句子和文章的更高层面，着重考查学生分析理解和布局谋篇的能力。它着眼全文，从文章的大视野中考查学生的阅读实力，只有读懂全文、洞悉脉络、理清思路，方能使句子对号入座。

A

（2023·广东·深圳·统考二模）Do you want to have a healthy and close relationship with your parents？ Heres some advice from experts.

Do your own housework

Think of the things that your parents is always asking you to do around the house. Think of the housework that are your responsibility. If you dont like doing housework because you find them boring or difficult， ask your parents for tips on how to do them. 1

Keep your room tidy

Messy rooms are a common complaint among parents. Make your bed in the mornings as soon as youre up. 2 Put dirty clothes in the laundry basket. In this way， they show that you can shoulder the responsibility of taking care of whats yours.

3

This is especially important that your parents are the ones paying for your phone bills and the internet connection. You have to show them that you respect the values they teach you. 4 Using the internet and your phone is an advantage， not your right.

Take care of your brothers and sisters

5 It helps to give your parents a peaceful， comfortable and warm environment. Dont bully your younger ones and dont annoy your older ones. Help them with any problem they might be going through. Do fun things together.

1. B. 根據“If you dont like doing housework because you find them boring or difficult， ask your parents for tips on how to do them. ”可知，下文应该是说父母给你什么建议，教你什么方法做家务。因此B项“也许他们可以帮助你想出新的方法”符合语境。故选B。

2. D. 根据标题“Keep your room tidy”可知，本段主要与保持整洁有关。因此D项“把衣服挂起来，保持衣橱整洁”符合语境。故选D。

3. A. 根据“This is especially important that your parents are the ones paying for your phone bills and the internet connection. ”可知，这里提到电话费和上网费用，本句是在段落开头，这里是祈使句，因此A项“负责任地使用互联网和手机”符合语境。故选A。

4. E. 根据“You have to show them that you respect the values they teach you. ”可知，此处提到你要尊重他们教给你的价值观，因此E项“你也必须尊重他们为你支付的钱”符合语境。故选E。

5. C. 根据“Take care of your brothers and sisters”可知，此处提到的是家庭成员，因此C项“尽最大努力与家人相处”符合语境。故选C。

B

（2023·四川·成都·统考一模）Some people are excellent listeners， some are terrible. To help you know about bad listeners. Ive put together some of the habits bad listeners have in common.

◆They get out of mind very easily.

1 That doesnt necessarily mean that we are bad listeners. However， imagine talking to someone who keeps looking somewhere else. You may feel really frustrated （沮丧的）. 2 While a bad listerner gets out of mind very easily.

◆They change the topic.

Picture this. 3 At that moment you want to share it with your friend. You tell him， but he gives you an answer like： “Oh， thats great. By the way， what are we going to eat？ How about...” See what just happened？ They understand your words， they say what they have to say， and then they change the topic completely.

◆ 4

Some people first seem interested in you， but after your first three words， they stop you to talk about themselves. The bad listener says， “Hey！ How are you doing？” You say， “Hi！ Im great， just got improved in math and... ” And they cut you off there. “Im great too！ So， I celebrated with my family and friends... ”

◆They always stop you.

One of the worst habits bad listeners have is that they dont let you finish your sentence. They believe they know what youre about to say and they stop you so that they often cant understand your point at all. 5 A good listener always makes sure he or she understands your point and give reasonable advice.

1. F. 根据小标题“They get out of mind very easily. ”可知，糟糕的倾听者很容易走神；再根据空后“That doesnt necessarily mean that we are bad listeners. ”可知，作為倾听者，走神是正常的，但这并不意味着我们就是糟糕的倾听者。F选项“在谈话中，我们有时会心不在焉，这是很常见的”符合语境。故选F。

2. D. 根据空后“While a bad listerner gets out of mind very easily. ”可知，糟糕的倾听者很容易走神，而一个好的倾听者是不会这样的，前后句形成对比。D选项“一个好的倾听者会尽力跟随你”符合语境。故选D。

3. E. 根据空后“At that moment you want to share it with your friend. ”可推知，你收到了一条好消息想分享给他人。E选项“你刚刚收到了你生命中最好的消息之一”符合语境。故选E。

4. C. 根据下文“Some people first seem interested in you， but after your first three words， they stop you to talk about themselves. ”可知，有的人似乎对你有兴趣，但当你开口后，他们将打断你然后谈论起自己，说明他们只关心自己。C选项“他们真的只关心他们自己，而不是你”符合语境。故选C。

5. B. 根据“They believe they know what youre about to say and they stop you so that they often cant understand your point at all. ”可知，有些倾听者自认为知道你想表达什么，然后阻止你继续说下去，但结果他们经常根本无法理解你的观点，所以他们的建议和答案也没有任何意义。B选项“所以他们的回答或建议对你来说没有任何意义”符合语境。故选B。

（作者单位：山东省菏泽市牡丹区黄堽镇初级中心中学）