主题2：语法填空考点预测与考法预判

昝亚娟

四层考点预测

考点1 谓语动词

如果设空处在句中作谓语，所给动词应考虑采用某种时态或语态形式。

一、主语是动作的承受者，应根据具体情境采用某种形式的被动语态

1. Travelling to conferences， lectures， workshops， and the like—frequently by plane—（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.

2. Marys niece wrote，“The little home （paint） white.”

3. A BMI of between 19 and 25 （consider） healthy.

4. The Xian City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived Chinas long history.It （build） originally to protect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has now beencompletely restored.

5. The artist was sure he would （choose）.

6. And， as more children were born， more food （need）.

7. On the last day of our week?long stay， we （invite） to attend a private concert ona beautiful farm.

二、当句中含有副词already、yet、lately、recently 和短语since then、ever since、so far、in recent years、over/during/in the last few days/weeks/months/years/decades/centuries，以及for+时间段、since+过去某时刻、since+从句时，谓语动词一般应用某种形式的完成时

8. Many of the climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the ef?fort started two years ago.

9. It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on the Potomac， but Lincolnshome in downtown Springfield， Illinois， （prove） irresistible to visitors since itopened to the public.

10. In recent years， some Inuit people in Nunavut （report） increases in bearsightings around human settlements.

11. Irene said，“I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing myfamily and all the friends I （make） over the years.”

三、当句中含有表示过去的意义的副词或时间状语，如then、just now、yester?day、the day before yesterday、the other day、...ago、last week/month/term/summer/winter/year/century 等时，谓语动词一般应用一般过去时

12. What comes next is the endless series of steps. You cant help wondering how hard it（be） for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

13. The unmanned Change?4 probe （探测器）—the name was inspired by an ancient Chi?nese moon goddess— （touch） down last week in the South Pole?Aitken basin.

14. The 80， 000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， （form） thecore collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.

四、当文章通篇用一般过去时，或上下文为一般过去时时，谓语动词一般应用一般过去时

15. One of the biggest companies I wrote to （be） Alaska Airlines Paris.

16. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary（传奇的） artist， they smiled and （point） down the river.

17. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861， they rented the house and（sell） most of their furniture.

18. New methods （mean） that fewer people worked in farming.

19. The study found that between 1985 and 2017， average rural BMI increased by 2.1 inwomen and men. In cities， however， the gain （be） 1.3 in women and 1.6 inmen.

20. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award， proud Irene （declare） shehad no plans to retire from her 36?year?old business.

21. One study in America found that students grades （improve） a little after theschool introduced uniforms.

五、当文章通篇用一般现在时，或上下文为一般现在时时，谓语动词通常应用一般现在时

22. Because the number of possible topics （be） practically limitless， we focus ona sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basicprinciples of technology.

23.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University， says，“be?cause it （mean） we have the chance to obtain information about how themoon is constructed.

24. This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers （carry） special signifi?cance.

25. Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining; six（be） stable; one is increasing， and nine lack enough data.

【答案】1. is viewed/has been viewed 2. was painted 3. is considered 4. was built5. be chosen 6. was needed 7. were invited 8. have promised 9. has proved/hasproven 10. have reported 11. have made 12. was 13. touched 14. formed15. was 16. pointed 17. sold 18. meant 19. was 20. declared 21. improved22. is 23. means 24. carries 25. are

考点2 非谓语动词

如果所给词是动词，且句中已有谓语动词，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，应考虑填入动名词、现在分词、过去分词或动词不定式等形式。

一、填动名词时，可分为三种情况：

●设空处在某些及物动词或短语，如appreciate、enjoy、finish、consider、imagine、bedevoted to、dream of、get down to、insist on、keep （on）、set about之后，应用动名词作宾语。

26. She just kept （say）“I cant believe youre here！”and thanking them for com?ing to see her.

●句中出现动名词的复合结构one/ones doing sth。

27. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking atexhibits， visitors can play with computer simulations （模擬） and imagine themselvesliving at a different time in history or （walk） through a rainforest.

28. They represent the earth （come） back to life and best wishes for new begin?nings.

●设空处在介词之后，应把动词变为动名词。

29. Minimize the impact of （visit） the place.

30. After （spend） some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action.

31. A 90?year?old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for （be） Britainsoldest full?time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

二、填现在分词：表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作，在句中作定语、表语、宾语、状语或补足语，应用现在分词形式

32. This may be due to some disadvantages for people （live） in the countryside.

33. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage， （think） it isfood.

34. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds （sur?round） the mountain tops， he was reduced to tears.

35. Later， they learned to work with the seasons， planting at the right time and， in dry ar?eas， （make） use of annual floods to irrigate （灌溉） their fields.

36. When we got a call （say） she was short?listed， we thought it was a joke.

37. On the last day of our week?long stay， we were invited to attend a private concert on abeautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， （listen） to musicians andmeeting interesting locals.

三、填过去分词：表示一个已经完成的、被动的动作，在句中作定语、表语、宾语、状语或补足语，应用过去分词

38. In 1985， urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries——（study） had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

39. Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact （影響） travel to undisturbed places. Itis different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become（educate） about the areas.

40. They make great gifts and you see them many times （decorate） with red enve?lopes and messages of good fortune.

四、填动词不定式，有六种情况：

●在动词aim、agree、decide、expect、plan、refuse、want 之后通常用动词不定式作宾语。

41. Accommodations aim （have） a low impact on the natural environment.

42. Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending （do） things thatare impossible.

43. That approach brought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%， and she plans（continue） the practice.

44. But some students didnt want （wear） the uniform.

●在短语make an effort、make a plan、make up ones mind、set out、take action、takemeasures后常用动词不定式。

45. The next morning he hired a boat and set out （find） the well?known painter.

●如果句子的主谓宾齐全，常用动词不定式作目的状语。

46. I decided to do something （educate） people on this problem.

47. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change?4 （find）and study areas of the South Pole?Aitken basin.

●在名词ability、chance、desire、opportunity、plan、power、patience、promise、right、way后常用动词不定式。

48. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology（change） lives.

49. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award， proud Irene declared she had no plans（retire） from her 36?year?old business.

●在“It is/was/can be+形容词+（for sb） to do sth”句式中使用动词不定式。

50. It can be easy （let） a particular school become a front?runner early on.

51. It is possible （walk） or bike the entire 14 kilometers.

52. These days， it is not unusual for 10? to 12?year?olds to publish their own websites or forsecond and third graders （begin） computer classes.

●在“主系表+动词不定式”结构中使用动词不定式。

53. They are easy （care） for and make great presents.

54. Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since themid?1980s， and are expensive （perform） consistently over a large area.

【答案】26. saying 27. walking 28. coming 29. visiting 30. spending 31. being32. living 33. thinking 34. surrounding 35. making 36. saying 37. listening38. studied 39. educated 40. decorated 41. to have 42. to do 43. to continue44. to wear 45. to find 46. to educate 47. to find 48. to change 49. to retire50. to let 51. to walk 52. to begin 53. to care 54. to perform

考点3 动词变形容词

形容词在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语或状语。

55. But thats how nature is—always leaving us （astonish）.

56. Only you can fully realize which aspects of a college will make you truly happy and（satisfy）， so keep that at the front of your mind.

57. I was so （excite） when he wrote back to me.

【答案】55. astonished 56. satisfied 57. excited

考点4 动词变名词

设空处前有冠词、形容词或名词修饰时，應把动词转换为名词。

58. When the answer was no， she declined the （invite）.

59. A company （represent） wrote back and told me the airline was switching.

60. Also， technological know?how has become a （require） for most jobs in an in?creasingly digital world.

61. Chinese New Year is a （celebrate） marking the end of the winter season andthe beginning of spring.

62. In recent years， some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightingsaround human settlements， leading to a （believe） that populations are in?creasing.

63. Other American studies showed no （connect） between uniforms and schoolperformance.

【答案】58. invitation 59. representative 60. requirement 61. celebration62. belief 63. connection

考点5 名词的变化

一、名词前有形容词some、other、many、most 或一个表示复数概念的数词修饰时，应用复数形式

64. The computer has become a common tool in most （profession）.

二、句中有表示复数意义的代词we、you、they，且名词作它们的同位语时，此处名词应用复数形式

65. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we（human） are.

三、句中的谓语动词为复数形式时，作主语的名词应用复数形式

66. （activity） there range from whale watching to hiking.

四、名词变其所有格

名词在句中作定语，且表示所属关系时，应用所有格。

67. It is calculated by dividing a （person） weight in kg by their height in meterssquared.

68. A （student） college experience is his or her own， and the student must puthis or her education first.

五、名词变形容词：形容词常作定语修饰名词，将位于被修饰名词之前的名词转换为形容词

69. Provide （finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples.

70. At the same time， computer games are becoming increasingly popular as majorpublishing houses continue to develop （education） computer programs forchildren in preschool.

71. Many people have the hobby of collecting things， e.g. stamps， postcards or antiques. Inthe 18th and 19th centuries， （wealth） people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of art.

72. Branches of Plum Blossoms （梅花）： The （beauty） long branches covered withpink?colored buds （蓓蕾） make fantastic decorations.

73. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. Its（wonder）.

【答案】64. professions 65. humans 66. Activities 67. persons 68. students69. financial 70. educational 71. wealthy 72. beautiful 73. wonderful

考点6 形容词的变形

一、形容词变名词：将位于形容词后的形容词变为名词

74. At the Jorvik Centre in York， the citys Viking settlement is recreated， and people expe?rience the sights， sounds and smells of the old town. Historical （accurate） isimportant but so is entertainment.

75. The far side of the moon is of particular （interesting） to scientists because ithas a lot of deep craters （环形山）.

76. Filled with （curious）， the artist packed his bags and left.

二、形容词变副词：设空的形容词在动词、形容词、副词之前或宾语之后，应把形容词变为副词，修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子

77. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci， for example， （rough） 200 academ?ics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible sincethe effort started two years ago.

78. The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. Itwill （undoubted） help you get refreshed！

79. But 30 years later， the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many coun?tries had narrowed （sharp）.

80. Landing on the moons far side is （extreme） challenging.

81. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range hasbeen （poor） studied.

三、使用形容词的比较级：表示两个事物的比较，且句中含有连词than 或句中出现了形容词的比较级，应用形容词的比较级

82. This may be due to some disadvantages， including （low） levels of income andeducation， higher costs of healthy foods， and fewer sports facilities.

83. When the house was built， it was much （small） than it is today.

84. We decided it was time for some action and what （good） than to ride on apiece of history！

85. Hungry bears may be congregating （聚集） around human settlements， leading to the il?lusion（错觉） that populations are （high） than they actually are.

四、形容词的最高级：当把三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，应用形容词的最高级，表示“最……的”

86. The artists reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his por?trait （ 画像） done， so he called all great artists to come and present their（fine） work， so that he could choose the best.

【答案】74. accuracy 75. interest 76. curiosity 77. roughly 78. undoubtedly79. sharply 80. extremely 81. poorly 82. lower 83. smaller 84. better85. higher 86. finest

考点7 代词的不同形式的变化

一、人称代词变物主代词

87. As the song goes， this long and winding road“will never disappear”， and it will alwaysstick in the visitors memory. It sure does in （I）.

88. Ecotourism has （it） origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.

89. Readers are encouraged to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of（we） Further Resources section featured in each volume.

二、人称代词的主格变为宾格

90.“She was so excited to watch （we） get married，”the bride said.

三、人称代词变反身代词

91. She was extremely pretty， and her house was a reflection of （she）， everythingin good taste and in perfect order.

92. As well as looking at exhibits， visitors can play with computer simulations （模拟） andimagine （they） living at a different time in history.

【答案】87. mine 88. its 89. our 90. us 91. herself 92. themselves

考点8 名词性从句

一、宾语从句

93. Data about the moons composition， such as how ice it contains， could helpChina decide whether its plans for a future lunar base are practical.

94. Over thousands of years， they began to depend less on could be hunted orgathered from the wild， and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.

95. Cobb， for her part， started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speakshe could do so remotely.

二、主语从句

96. Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song“The Long andWinding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out?of?this?world scenes.

【答案】93. much 94. what 95. whether/if 96. What

考点9 定语从句

一、当先行词为表示事物的名词或代词，且在从句中作主语、表语或宾语时，用关系代词that/which

97. I decided that if I learned of a company used a lot of plastic， Id send it anemail urging it to cut back.

98. BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication ofwhether someone is a healthy weight.

99. The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane， for example， formed the core collec?tion of the British Museum opened in 1759.

100. The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systemsinfluence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and theirmany interacting parts.

101. On the edge of the jacket， there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.

二、当先行词为表示人的名词或代词，且在从句中作主语、表语或宾语时，选用关系代词that/who

102. Kim Cobb， a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta， is one of asmall but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travelbecause of climate change.

103. They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caringfor these animals.

三、當先行词为表示人或物品的名词，且在从句中作定语时，用关系代词whose

104. In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.

四、当先行词为表示地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where

105. Because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe， China firsthad to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signalsto the spacecraft and to Earth.

五、当主句与从句被逗号隔开，从句缺少主语，且先行词指代前句的内容时，应填关系代词which

106. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】97. that/which 98. that/which 99. that/which 100. that/which101. that/which 102. that/who 103. that/who 104. whose 105. where 106. which

考点10 连词

对连词的考查包括简单句中的连词、并列句中的连词、并列复合句中的连词，以及状语从句中的连词。

107. Each volume in the set explores a wide range of material， explains the basic conceptsof major applications of digital systems， discusses the influences they haveon everyday life.

108. I found the contact information of the company emailed its president.

109. We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shakydid the job.

110. In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index （体重指数） across 200 countries，the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier that most ofthe rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

111. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept the late 1980s. During thattime， increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.

112. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot ofdeep craters （環形山）， more so the familiar near side.

113. Farming produced more food per person hunting and gathering， so peoplewere able to raise more children.

114. He got a saw from the truck cut a section out of a big log on the side of theroad.

115. They kept their collection at home until it got too big until they died， andthen it was given to a museum.

【答案】107. and 108. and 109. but 110. and 111. until 112. than113. than 114. and 115. or

考点11 介词

一、在名词answer、entrance、key、reply、reaction、response、solution 和visit 之后常接介词to

116. But can uniforms help improve school standards？ The answer this questionis not clear.

117. The couple made a surprise visit the hospital before heading to the recep?tion.

二、结合具体语境选择介词

118. Some time after 10， 000 BC， people made the first real attempt to control the worldthey lived ， through agriculture.

【答案】116. to 117. to 118. in

考点12 冠词

一、表示泛指的“一个”时，用不定冠词a 或an

119. When we got a call saying she was short?listed， we thought it was joke. Butthen we got an official letter and we were blown away.

二、表示特指时，应用定冠词the

120. Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining.

121. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then， with rise of science，changes began.

【答案】119. a 120. the 121. the

考点13 特殊结构

122. The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets， the（hot） thespring！

123. I work not because I have to， because I want to.

【答案】122. hotter 123. but

四翼考法预判

创新路径1 “五育并举”，融入体育、艺术、音乐等元素

Figure skating 1. （come） a long way since its beginning. Back in the 18thcentury in the UK， the sport was popular among the people in the highest social class.2. （gradual）， more skating enthusiasts from Germany， the United States andCanada 3. （follow） suit. In the 1860s， Jackson Haines， 4. US balletdancer and skater， used more artistic moves to make the sport less formal， earning him thetitle of“the father of modern figure skating”

Skaters wearing eye?catching trousers， tights or skirts perform 5. （vary）movements. Skaters can compete 6. individuals， pairs or groups. Skaters need tocomplete two components： short program and free skate.

Figure skating requires the athletes to focus on both technical and performance7. （aspect） of skating.“Good skaters need to be able to look effortless when theygive their performances. Without 8. （strong）， courage and years of practice， its re?ally hard 9. （achieve） that goal and make an emotional connection with audi?ence，”said Olympic gold medalist Scott Hamilton.“And thats 10. I liked aboutit.”

【答案】1. has come 2. Gradually 3. followed 4. a 5. various 6. as 7. aspects8. strength 9. to achieve 10. what

创新路径2 融入中国元素

The Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional Chinese festivals inChina. It usually 1. （fall） on the first day of the first month in the lunar calendar，2. represents the beginning of a new year.

It is a custom for the Chinese to make 3. （care） preparations a week beforethe lunar New Year 4. （come）. We usually clean our houses and 5.（decoration） them with red couplets and pictures to express our best 6. （wish） forthe coming year.

On New Years Eve we have the habit of staying up late 7. （welcome） thenew year. On the first day， we visit our relatives or go to the temple. Dragon and lion dancesare performed in the street. Adults will give children 8. （luck） money in red enve?lopes， 9. （hope） they will have good luck in the new year.

I like the Spring Festival very much 10. it is a good time for people to spendquality time with their family and relax.

【答案】1. falls 2. which 3. careful 4. comes 5. decorate 6. wishes7. to welcome 8. lucky 9. hoping 10. because

一核考题预演

见P70～P76《学习妙测》栏目《2023年高考热点命题2：语法填空》对应内容。