解析被动语态

郑小林

一、含义及构成

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态的结构：be + 及物动词的过去分词。其中be有各种时态的变化，并有人称和数的变化。

点拨：将主动语态变为被动语态时，应先确定句子的谓语动词，并找出句子的宾语。然后，将句子的宾语变成被动句的主语，将谓语动词变成be + v.-ed形式。

二、主要几种时态的被动语态

（1）一般现在时被动语态，其构成：am / is / are + 及物动词的过去分词 。

（2）一般过去时的被动语态，其构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词。

（3）含情态动词的被动语态，其构成：情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。

（4）一般将来时被动语态：will / shall + be + 及物动词的过去分词。

拓展：◆ “不及物动词 + 介词 / 副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动句时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可与其动词拆开或漏掉。如：

Our homework was handed in yesterday afternoon.

◆含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，如果把主动句中的直接宾语（指物）变为被动句中的主语，则需在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词to或for。如：

Danny gave me a ticket just now. →

A ticket was given to me by Danny just now.  （直接宾语作主语）

I was given a ticket by Danny just now.  （间接宾语作主语）

◆ 使役动词（make等）和感官动词 （see， watch， notice， hear等）后面常接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语; 但在被动句中，这些词后面的动词不定式都需要带to。如：The boss made us work for ten hours today.→

We were made to work for ten hours today by the boss.

三、中考链接

1.（2022·北京）On our farm， the tea leaves_____________by hand when they are ready.

A. pick B. picked C. are picked D. were picked

2.（2022·广西·贵港）—People_____________to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic （新冠疫情）.

—I think it’s a good way to protect ourselves.

A. are asking     B. are asked C. asked D. ask

3.（2022·四川·凉山州）With double reduction policy （双减政策）， students_____________less homework now so that they have enough time to take part in more activities.

A. will give B. were given          C. are given

4.（2022·湖北·黄冈、孝感、咸宁）—Many DIY cards_____________to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.

—How creative！

A. is sending            B. are sending C. is sent         D. are sent

5.（2022·贵州·铜仁）—Mum  could I watch the movie The Battle at Changjin Lake （《長津湖》）tonight？

—Of course， if your homework____________.

A. finishes B. finished         C. was finished     D. is finished

6.（2022·江苏·徐州）I_____________by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me？

A. have attacked     B. was attacked   C. was attacking     D. am attacked

7.（2022·辽宁·盘锦）It’s said that tea_____________for the first time about 5， 000 years ago.

A. drinks B. drank C. is drunk D. was drunk

8.（2022·四川·雅安）The 24th Winter Olympic Games_____________in February， 2022， Beijing.

A. hold B. held C. is held D. was held

9. （2022·湖南·郴州）A new supermarket_____________on Center Street next year.

A. was built B. will be built C. is built

10. （2022·辽宁·本溪、辽阳、葫芦岛）Five more clubs_____________next week to make our school life rich and colorful.

A. set up   B. are set up   C. will be set up     D. were set up

11. （2022·四川·乐山）—Waiter， a glass of apple juice， please.

—Sorry. Apple juice_____________only at breakfast.

A. serves   B. is served       C. is serving

12. （2022·海南）Few students could understand the sentence until it_____________by Miss Chen.

A. explained B. was explained C. was explaining

答案： 1-5 CBCDD 6-10 BDDBC 11-12 BB

（作者单位：江苏盐城市毓龙路实验学校）