China’s Changing AttitudesToward Youth Sports中国青少年体育教育理念之变

艾熙丽/文　张超斌/译

In the past， traditional ideas about the value of academic education meant that scholarly pursuits were prized for young people. Since China has a very challenging university entrance exam， teens have typically spent a great deal of their time studying for it.

过去，看重学术教育的传统观念鼓励年轻人重视学业成绩。由于中国高考难度极大，青少年一般要投入大量时间备战高考。

Parents tend to strongly promote school achievement as its a major mode for improving the familys fortunes and the main way to climb the social ladder. This also led to a huge industry for extracurricular tutoring centres for students to help them improve their knowledge and performance in school subjects. As a result， there wasnt much time for sports， and they were even shunned at times as a distraction from important study time.

家长们往往大力推崇学业成绩，因为这是改变家庭命运的重要方式，也是实现阶级跃迁的主要途径。对学业成绩的重视催生了一个庞大的产业——各类课外培训机构给学生补习学校科目知识，帮助他们提高各门功课的成绩。因此，学生没有多少时间进行体育活动，而且有时他们不愿意运动，觉得这会占用宝贵的学习时间。

But some major shifts have taken place in the last few years and attitudes toward sports， especially for children and teens， have changed dramatically. How and why has this happened？

近年来，上述局面出现了若干重大转变，人们对体育的态度，尤其是对青少年体育的态度，有了巨大变化。转变是如何发生的？为什么会发生？

Policy shifts related to education and homework

教育和作業相关政策转变

Chinas Ministry of Education implemented its Double Reduction Policy in late July 2021. The aim of the policy was to reduce the burden placed on students by large amounts of homework and after-school tutoring.

2021年7月下旬，中国教育部宣布施行“双减”政策。这一政策旨在减轻大量作业和校外培训给学生造成的负担。

Private tutoring centres， both online and offline， were strictly curtailed. Centres were no longer allowed to teach school subjects or open on weekends and school holidays. They were also only allowed to use non-profit business models and large tutoring companies were not allowed to have IPOs. Excessive exams were also banned.

线上和线下的私立培训机构受到严格限制，不得再辅导学校科目，也不得在周末和学校放假期间开课。这类机构只能以非营利性商业模式运营，而且大型培训公司不得公开募股上市。此外，禁止过度考试。

With these changes， China has seen a major shift in attitudes toward sports， especially toward young people involved in active activities.

随着种种变化的出现，中国对体育的态度也发生了重大转变，尤其是对青少年定期参与体育活动的态度。

An increased focus on physical education and sports

更加注重体育和运动

With tutoring centres closing down in the country， many have turned to become sporting centres for children. Zhou Jinyao， deputy director of the Youth Sports Department of the State Sports General Administration， mentioned that the Double Reduction Policy has provided the basic foundation for youth sports to thrive.

随着中国的培训机构纷纷关停，许多机构转型为青少年体育中心。时任中国国家体育总局青少年体育司副司长周锦瑶指出，“双减”政策为青少年体育的蓬勃发展奠定了基础。

One example of this is the Dazhi Education Centre in Shandong. The centre had been in operation for more than 20 years but announced the opening of a sports centre and the launch of a basketball training camp right after the announcement of the Double Reduction Policy.

山東的大智教育培训学校就是这方面的一个例子。该机构营业20余年，但在“双减”政策出台后，立即宣布大智先锋体育开业，并启动篮球训练营项目。

In fact， after the announcement， all senior management teams working in the centre were made to study and make arrangements according to the new national policy requirements. Their step into the sporting direction showcased the early signals of such a transformation.

事实上，自从“双减”政策出台，大智的所有高层管理团队都按要求学习了国家新政策，并据此作出了相应调整。大智进军体育行业展现了中国对体育态度转变的早期信号。

Under the Double Reduction Policy， there are now strengthened supervision of the sports sector and improved systems and standards to guide stand-ardised and positive development， and help companies maintain quality and safety. The industry is on a healthy development track， providing a strong institutional guarantee of growth.

“双减”政策实施后，如今对体育行业的监管也有所加强，制度和标准得到完善，以指导规范、积极的发展，帮助体育行业的企业保证质量和安全。体育行业走上健康发展的轨道，为发展提供了强劲的制度性保障。

The Ministry of Education issued the “Compulsory Education Curriculum Plan and Curriculum Standards （2022 Edition）” on the 21st of April 2022. In the plan， it is mentioned that “sports and health” classes would account for 10%—11% of total class hours， surpassing foreign languages and becoming the third major “main subject” in early and primary schooling.

2022年4月21日，中国教育部印发了《义务教育课程方案和课程标准（2022年版）》，其中提到“体育与健康”课要占总课时的10%—11%。这一科目因此超过外语，一跃成为幼小教育中的第三大“主科”。

The plan also proposes to make full use of after-school services for sports and exercise to promote the development of youth sports after-school training. From these moves， we can see the emphasis on childrens sports and health and the development of childrens sports and health interests from an early age.

《义务教育课程方案和课程标准（2022年版）》还提出，要充分利用课后体育和锻炼服务，推动青少年体育课后训练的发展。从这些举措中，我们可以看出国家不仅重视青少年体育与健康，而且重视从小培养孩子对体育与健康的兴趣。

A focus on big sporting events

关注大型体育赛事

With Chinas great success in previous global sporting events， there has never been a more favourable atmos-phere for youth sports consumption until now. Parents are starting to see merit in competitive sports. It turns out that academics is not the only way to bring out ones merits. And just like with tutorial centres， parents are planning to “win at the starting line”， so to speak， by signing up their children for youth sports classes.

中国在以往的国际体育赛事中取得巨大成功，营造出前所未有的良好氛围，刺激了青少年体育消费。家长们渐渐认识到竞技体育的价值。他们发现，读书并非发挥个人长处的唯一途径。正如许多培训机构，家长们也可谓计划着要“赢在起跑线上”，给孩子报名参加青少年体育课。

Opportunities and challenges in the youth sports sector

青少年体育行业的机遇和挑战

In 2020， the penetration rate of the childrens physical fitness industry exceeded 1%， indicating that the industry is a typical low-penetration， high-growth industry， and it is in the early stage of development. The future of the industry is promising and there should be big opportunities in the youth sports arena in the next few years.

2020年，青少年体适能行业的市场渗透率超过1%，表明该行业是典型的低渗透、高增长行业，正处于发展初期。该行业前景广阔，未来几年青少年体育领域将迎来重大机遇。

With the implementation of regulatory policies， companies will need to improve their operational standards and capabil-ities to become more refined operations.

随着各项监管政策实施，企业须提高自身经营标准和经营能力，以实现更精细化的运营。

Also， the income of youth physical fitness coaches is also expected to increase significantly from the current average of 15，000 RMB per month due to a shortage of qualified， talented in-dividuals. The qualifications for coaches involved in youth physical fitness and high school entrance examination sports will also become more regulated. Nows as good a time as any for anyone wanting to become a certified professional coach so they can get ahead in the industry.

此外，由于有资质、有天赋的教练短缺，青少年体适能教练的收入将在目前平均月薪1.5万元人民币的基础上大幅增长。对青少年体适能训练和中考体育教练资质认证的监管也会更加完善。对于想要成为持证职业教练、在青少年体育行业出人头地的人，现在正是大好时机。

Judging from the policies in recent years， the country attaches great import-ance to sports and health for all young people and there will be more policies and resources forthcoming as progress is made and youth fitness will increasingly be seen as an important branch of the entire sports sector.

从近些年的政策来看，中国对全体青少年的体育和健康极为重视。随着进展逐渐显现，未来将会出台更多政策、给予更多资源，青少年体育将日益被视作整个体育行业的重要分支。

The future of youth sports in China

中国青少年体育的未来

Before the Double Reduction Policy was introduced， 92% of Chinese parents had enrolled their children in extracurricular classes and spent more than 10，000 RMB annually.

“双减”政策实施之前，92%的中国家长为孩子报了课外班，相关年支出超过1万元人民币。

Given the recent shifts and policy changes， its no wonder parents are looking into spending money on developing their childrens physical skills. The development of the sports industry， the rise of quality education， and diversified demands are giving birth to more and more sports training classes for children.

鉴于近期的态度转变和政策变化，无怪乎家长们要研究怎么花钱培养孩子的运动技能。体育行业的发展、素质教育的兴起，以及多样化的需求，正在催生更多的青少年体育培训课程。

According to the “National Fitness Plan 2021—2025”， the sports market was to be worth 5 trillion RMB （$747.9 billion） by 2025. With the government showing full support for sports and focusing on peoples fitness， many are optimistic about the growth of youth sports in China.

《全民健身计划（2021—2025年）》指出，到2025年，国内体育市场价值将达到5万亿人民币（合7479億美元）。中国政府全力支持体育，关注人民健康，许多人因此对中国青少年体育的发展持乐观态度。

From a macro point of view， the current youth fitness market is still in the emerging stage， and market opportunities are huge.

从宏观来看，当前的青少年体育市场仍处于萌芽阶段，市场机遇巨大。

（译者为“《英语世界》杯”翻译大赛获奖者）