宾语从句用法全解

王锋

一、宾语从句概述

在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子就叫宾语从句。宾语通常有动词宾语、介词宾语和形容词宾语，所以宾语从句分为：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句这三种类型。

1.及物动词的宾语从句

We know that Trump is the former president of America.

I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.

2. 介词的宾语从句

We’re interested in what she is doing.

We should think about how we can do better next time.

We are curious about whether he will continue to be the president of America.

3. 部分形容词的宾语从句

I’m sure that we will win the game.

He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.

I’m so glad that I canceled my plan to go to the market.

I am afraid that he will lose the election.

二、賓语从句的连接词

1. 连接词that

当宾语从句是陈述句时，用连接词that引导，that无意义，不作成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略that。

I hear （that） he will be back in a month.

Many think （that） sharks are too strong to be endangered.

Mary told me （that） she would go shopping the next day.

注意：that在宾语从句中可省略，但在两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句中，从第二个that起，不能省略。如：

I know （that） my mother loves me and that my father loves me， too.

Many people know （that） the accident has caused much damage and that some people are injured in it.

2. whether/ if

当宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化而成时，用if或 whether引导，尤其注意宾语从句要用陈述语序，即关联词if / whether +主语 + 谓语 + 其他句子成分，而不是疑问语序。

I don’t know... / Will he come here？ （连成一个宾语从句）

→I don’t know if / whether he will come here.

I wonder if they will have the races again next year.

The teacher asked me if I had finished my homework.

if 和whether的区别：

一般情况下if与whether可以互换，但是在以下几种情况下，只能使用whether而不用if。

介词后的宾语从句，使用whether，一般不用if。

We had a discussion about whether young people should play computer games.

It depends on whether it will be fine.

如果or not 放在whether之后，只能用whether，不用if。如：

I don’t know whether or not he will come.

句子中有if引导的条件句，如果再有表示“是否”的宾语从句，用whether不用if。

He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job.

3. 连接代词与连接副词

当特殊疑问句转化为宾语从句时，用连接代词what， who， whose， which， whom和连接副词when， where， why， how等连接，且宾语从句用陈述语序，即特殊疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 句子其他成分。

Do you know... / What did he say just now？（连成一个宾语从句）

→ Do you know what he said just now？

Please let me know... / When will he come back？ （连成一个宾语从句）

→Please let me know when he will come back.

I wonder... / How does he go to school every day？ （连成一个宾语从句）

→I wonder how he goes to school every day.

Could you tell me... / Why are you going to Beijing？ （连成一个宾语从句）

→Could you tell me why you are going to Beijing？

三、宾语从句的时态

1. 当主句的谓语动词为现在时态（并非只指一般现在时，也可以是现在完成时，现在进行时等现在时态）时，从句的谓语动词可以用它所需要的任何一种时态。（需要性原则）

I know that granny Rong is punishing the girl now.

一般現在时与现在进行时

I know that granny Rong punished the girl last week.

一般现在时与一般过去时

I know that granny Rong will punish the girl later.

一般现在时与一般将来时

2.当主句的谓语动词为过去时态 （并非只指一般过去时，只要是过去的时态形式即可） 时，从句的谓语动词必须用它所相对应的过去时形式（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时）。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。（呼应性原则）

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet these days.

一般过去时与过去进行时

He said that he would go back to the US soon.

一般过去时与过去将来时

注意：could用于表示委婉语气时，不是指过去时， 所以从句用can而不能用could。

Could you tell me when I can leave？

3.当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制，都用一般现在时。（特殊性原则）

He says that the earth goes around the sun.（自然现象）

He says that it is better to give than to receive.（谚语）

Mother told me that one and one is two. （科学真理）

The physics teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. （客观事实）

四、宾语从句速记口诀

【速记口诀】

宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否（if，whether）替；

特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，

从句时态应看意；主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。

跟踪练习：

1.（ 2022·北京）—Do you know the new national park？

—Yes， I do. To protect wildlife and benefit the local people.

A. why did China set up

B. why China set up

C. when did China set up

D. when China set up

2. （2022·湖北·鄂州）—Could you please tell me buy a magazine？

— There is a bookstore on the third floor.

A. how can I B. where can I

C. how I can D. where I can

3.（ 2022·湖北·黄冈·孝感·咸宁）—Excuse me， I’m new here. Could you tell me ？

—Sure. Go along this road， and you can’t miss it.

A. where was the museum

B. how can I get to the museum

C. where is the museum

D. how I can get to the museum

4. （2022·湖北·黄石）—Excuse me. Could you tell me ？

—Certainly. Go along Center Street and turn left at the second crossing. You will find it.

A. where is the nearest shopping mall

B. where was the nearest shopping mall

C. where the nearest shopping mall is

D. where the nearest shopping mall was

5. （2022·湖北·襄阳）—Excuse me， I wonder .

—It should be classified（分类） first and then thrown into different bins.

A. where can I throw the rubbish

B. how I deal with the rubbish

C. if I needed to throw the rubbish here

D. what should I do with the rubbish

6. （2022·江蘇·常州）—Mum， do you know An engineer.

—That’s interesting. I guess you often fix things for others in your school.

A. what do my classmates call me

B. what my classmates call me

C. why do my classmates call me

D. why my classmates call me

7. （2022·江苏·扬州）—Excuse me， could you tell me ？

—You can take No. 6 bus there. It’s about 15 minutes’ ride.

A. how far is the Slender West Lake

B. how far the Slender West Lake is

C. how can I get to the Slender West Lake

D. how I can get to the Slender West Lake

8. （2022·辽宁·本溪·辽阳）—I wonder .

—It was wonderful！ We had fun at the city park.

A. where you went last weekend

B. how your last weekend was

C. why you were busy last weekend

D. what you did last weekend