2023年高考热点命题1：阅读理解

本刊试题研究中心

Test 1

Poly Art Museum

Hidden away on the ninth floor of an office building in Dongzhimen,Beijing,the stateowned museum specifically exhibits pieces recovered from overseas, the centerpiece being four of the Twelve Bronze Animal Zodiac Heads—the pig, the monkey, the tiger, and the ox—robbed by French and British armies from the Old Summer Palace in 1860.

Fun fact: The most recently recovered animals' heads, the rat and the rabbit, are currently housed at the National Museum of China while the horse's head is displayed at the Capital Museum.

The Shenyang Palace Museum

Formerly called the Fengtian Palace Museum, and then the National Shenyang Museum, it was officially renamed the Shenyang Palace Museum in 1954 and it was listed by UNESCO as a World Cultural Heritage Site in 2004.

The Shenyang Palace Museum focuses on the relics before the Qing court was moved from Shenyang to Beijing in 1644.The museum is the only existing palace in China outside Beijing.

China National Tea Museum

China National Tea Museum is the only national-level museum specializing in tea culture.It acts as a platform linking China and the world through the medium of tea.

Occupying an area of 13,000 square meters on the west bank of West Lake in Hangzhou, the museum is made up of two permanent exhibitions: Shuangfeng Pavilion and Longjing Pavilion.There are also activities designed for different groups of visitors.

China National Silk Museum

Silk, one of China's main products that were exported along the ancient Silk Road, is the first thing that pops into many foreigners'minds when they think of China.

In the early 1990s,China National Silk Museum was established as China's first stateowned silk museum on the southern bank of West Lake in Hangzhou. The exhibits include various silk relics from the different Chinese dynasties.

1.Which animal's head is housed in the Capital Museum?

A.The rat's. B.The horse's.

C.The rabbit's. D.The monkey's.

2.When was the Shenyang Palace Museum listed as a World Cultural Heritage Site?

A.In 1954. B.In 1990. C.In 2004. D.In 2016.

3.What do the last two museums have in common?

A.They are private museums. B.They are not open to the public.

C.They are home to similar relics. D.They just focus on one type of relics.

Test 2

Above a shining ice pack in the Bering Sea,a helicopter flies over a polar bear,following paw prints in the snow.The bear suddenly appears as a hint of movement,white against white,making its way across the ice.The helicopter goes down,circling over the frightened creature, and a shotgun slides through the window, firing a tranquilizer (镇静剂) into the massive fur-covered bottom. Minutes pass. The bear shows no effects. The helicopter drops for a second shot. This time the bear stands its ground, and the pilot, fearing the animal is about to attack the aircraft,sharply noses the helicopter skywards.

But this bear finally moves unsteadily, and then stretches out on the ice like a giant sheep dog. The helicopter sets down, and biologist Gerald Garner advances, kicking the bear in the behind to make sure it is motionless. A swivel (转动) of its head and a flashing of teeth warn Garner that there is plenty of defiance left in this 272-kg meat-eating creature. With a syringe (注射器), he injects more drugs. At last the head lowers, and Garner can proceed.Around the bear's neck,he fastens a plastic collar containing a computer that will send data to a satellite,allowing scientists to keep track of the animal for a year.By the time Bear No.6,886 raises its head,the helicopter is softly above the air.

Those tense moments are all in a day's work for Garner,one of a handful of hearty scientists,pilots and technicians taking part in a $700,000 annual U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service study of polar bear populations. In an effort to follow the fate of more than 600 bears since the start of the program,the researchers have braved wind-chill factors of-59℃,hard living conditions, the constant threats of mechanical failures and the danger of being stuck on an ice pack. Last October, two government biologists and a pilot disappeared while following polar bears from the air.

1.What can we know about the first shot?

A.It annoys the bear. B.It misses the target.

C.It frightens the bear. D.It doesn't work so much.

2.What does the underlined word“defiance”in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.Resistance. B.Hope. C.Evidence. D.Fear.

3.Which of the following can describe the researchers'job?

A.Well-paid. B.Environment-protecting.

C.Life-threatening. D.Time-saving.

4.What are Garner and his colleagues doing?

A.Rescuing polar bears. B.Tracking polar bears.C.Hunting for polar bears. D.Raising polar bears.

Test 3

Imagine that you take a walk around your yard or a nearby park and immediately, the sounds of an insect band surround you. Produced by the muscular movements of insects called treehopper (角蝉), this imagined soundscape comes from vibrations (振动) that flow across the surface of plants.But it is not at all like the familiar vocalizations of crickets (蟋蟀).Instead,it's something richer and more varied.Some sounds are song-like,while others are similar to the noises of machines or musical instruments. The noise made from even a single plant may be“as noisy as a busy street”.

InAn Immense World:How Animal Senses Reveal the Hidden Realms Around Us,Pulitzer prize-winning science journalist Ed Yong explains that, on a real walk instead of this one we've imagined,humans would not be able to hear the treehoppers'music without special equipment.In the company of scientists with a laser vibrometer (振动计),a device that changes the treehopper vibrations into sounds audible to human ears, Yong gets to hear them in the wild and in the laboratory.He is shocked by the attractive sounds.

In this book that follows on from 2018'sI Contain Multitudes,Yong writes in a perfect balance of scientific severity and personal awe as he invites readers to grasp something of how other animals experience the world. Communicating through surface vibrations is a rather cool example that extends beyond treehoppers to elephants and spiders, and to the fact about frogs. Adapting to vibrations entering the eggs, a frog will hatch quickly if a snake shows up with a hard bite,but ignore rain,wind,footsteps and even an earthquake.

My admiration for the book is,well,great.Like many thousands of other people,I have relied throughout the course of COVID-19 on Yong's reporting as he cracked open the fastchanging world of pandemic science.Now,withAn Immense World,Yong brings into beautiful focus for a host of other animals'sensory worlds that co-exist with ours,and how we may protect them.

1.How does the soundscape come about according to paragraph 1?

A.It comes from humans'muscles.

B.It comes from an imaginable world.

C.It arises from the vocalizations of crickets.

D.It arises from vibrations flowing across the surface of plants.

2.Why can Yong hear the treehopper's music?

A.Because of a laser device.

B.Because of the surface of plants.

C.Because of the nature of the insects.

D.Because of the imaginable environment.

3.What can we learn aboutAn Immense World?

A.It appeals to all kinds of people.

B.It hopes to protect the animals.

C.It is scheduled to be published next year.

D.It describes a virtual world full of animals.

4.What is the text?

A.A news report. B.A historical novel.

C.A book review. D.A personal biography.

Test 4

Since the beginning of the China chic (国潮)fever roughly two years ago,Chinese elements have become increasingly popular among young illustrators and designers.From Chinese Internet celebrities to the design of clothes to furniture,Chinese aesthetics (美学)can be found everywhere.Wu Yao,a well-known Chinese illustrator and designer,said in an interview that the emergence of China chic is keeping up with the times and provides ordinary consumers, both Chinese and foreign, with a channel and opportunity to learn about Chinese tradition.

The fundamental reason for the popularity of China chic comes from the all-covering nature of Chinese art. For instance, Chinese paintings have an extensive range of subjects and styles.There are a lot of French artists or fashion masters who have a lot of Chinese collections at home.

Some experts say that Chinese millennials (千禧一代) are a generation who grew up with the revival of Chinese culture.They are confident in their own culture,pay more attention to quality, innovation and personal experience, and are willing to experience multiculturalism. Therefore,a sense of identity and confidence in traditional culture began to emerge among them.

At the same time, to satisfy the Chinese market, a lot of foreign brands introduced products with Chinese elements,such as tiger bags or clothing printed with flowers popular in Northeast China. However, it seems that most Chinese consumers would not buy these products.This is due to the designers'lack of understanding of Chinese culture.They don't know the stories of these cultural relics, so they define a Chinese style according to their own understanding.

“They don't take our traditional culture as seriously as we do. As Chinese designers,we carefully search literature, learn traditional culture and do much work before each creation,but they do not care so much about this,”Wu noted.

1.Why are Internet celebrities mentioned?

A.To praise them for their great success.

B.To give an example of the popularity of Chinese aesthetics.

C.To show their influence on Chinese aesthetics.

D.To attract more people to know and follow them.

2.What makes China chic so popular?

A.More art collectors'emergence. B.The easier access to Chinese art.

C.The wide coverage of Chinese art. D.People's improved aesthetic standards.

3.What might Wu Yao advise foreign designers to do?

A.Change their opinion about China chic.

B.Take their profession more seriously.

C.Create more products with Chinese elements.

D.Learn more about traditional Chinese culture.

4.What is mainly talked about in the text?

A.The challenges facing young artists in China.

B.The characteristics of Chinese aesthetics.

C.The major principles of Chinese aesthetics.

D.The popularity of China chic in the world.

Test 5

If you visit Uluwatu Temple in Bali,take care.The long-tailed macaques (猕猴)there are well-known thieves. Since time out of mind, they have made a living by taking away visitors' belongings and refusing to return them until some food is provided. That is quite clever.But Jean-Baptiste Leca of the University of Lethbridge wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still. Sometimes, they do not accept the first offer and hold out for more.He therefore asked himself whether they are able to assess how valuable an object is to its owner,and use that knowledge in their negotiations.

Experiments conducted in the past with monkeys and apes suggest that such primates(灵长类动物)can indeed attach a value to something worthless to them like a colored plastic counter(筹码),by learning that symbols of this sort may be exchanged for food,and that different counters bring different rewards. These findings, however, were based on rules made by humans but followed by lab animals. The macaques of Uluwatu are true wild animals,ones that are familiar with,and comfortable in the presence of human beings.

Dr Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras, recording the robberies. After that, they tried to establish the relative values of food rewards to monkeys, and of stealable objects belonging to people.There were three sorts of rewards:raw eggs,biscuits and small bags of fruit.Different monkeys had different preferences, but Leca established these for individual animals by offering them choices between pairs of goodies. They then observed, from their video recordings,how many times victims bothered to bargain with a thief for the return of property,and thus classified objects into low value (including plastic bottles and key rings), medium value(such as hats and shoes)and high value(like electronics and wallets).

A close analysis showed that monkeys do, indeed, have a complicated sense of what they are doing—at least, adults and sub-adults do. For these animal thieves, high-value items are their first choice, and they will often hold out either for more rewards, or for better ones, if humans are in possession of such items. But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.

1.Why should visitors be careful in Uluwatu Temple?

A.There are strict rules in the temple. B.There are many thieves and cheats.

C.Some wild animals may attack them. D.Monkeys may steal their possessions.

2.In what way were previous experiments different from Leca's?

A.They focused on symbols and rewards.

B.They were conducted in an artificial setting.

C.They looked at how monkeys and apes learned.

D.They mainly examined how primates used counters.

3.What did Leca and his colleagues'research prove?

A.There is a reward system among adult monkeys.

B.Young macaques are born with negotiating skills.

C.Monkeys have a great ability to perceive what they are doing.

D.Long-tailed macaques can recognize high-value objects.

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Name your price B.Threats to macaques

C.Welcome to Uluwatu Temple D.Various survival skills in nature

Test 6

When you buy something for yourself, you probably spend hours shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product. Some of you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a company. However, when we donate money to one of the countless charities out there, most of us don't conduct such research. We have absolutely no idea where that money goes to, what it buys or who it helps. At least that is the case for the majority of charities. Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your charitable donations take,because many of them may lead to dead ends.

You really should ask the question: Will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause?Sometimes it makes matters worse.For example,many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years in installing a total of 60,000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. They have been left there,like expensive but useless decorations.

One of the least effective means of giving is when a charity sends endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped nations. For instance, Kenya imports more than 100,000 tons of clothes from global charities each year. The issue is that these mountains of regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile industries,which have previously supported local economies.

Ultimately, to whom and how much you give is your choice. It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. As a general rule of thumb, the more your donation matches the needs of the receivers,the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.

1.What do most people do when they donate?

A.They keep track of their donations.

B.They neglect the process of charities.

C.They select products of highest quality.

D.They do research on application of funds.

2.Why is the example of water pumps mentioned in paragraph 2?

A.To stress effective giving.

B.To illustrate a false investment.

C.To confirm a charitable failure.

D.To complain about the pumps'quality.

3.Which view will the author most probably agree with?

A.Donations should meet local demands.

B.Ineffective charities must be abandoned.

C.Material goods can boost textile industries.

D.Specialized services turn out satisfactory.

4.Which is the best title for the text?

A.Has your donation hit a dead end?

B.Why should you make a donation?

C.Where does your donation take its way?

D.Will your donation to charities really help?