ABSTRACTS

OntheMethodologicalSelf-consciousnessofthe“NewEssence”ofChineseModernization

REN Ping

A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the logic of the interpretation of the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China on the “essential newness” of Chinese modernisation requires methodological consciousness. To truly understand and accurately grasp the profound meaning of the “new essence”, we need to make a progressive comparison on the series of coordinates of the history of the emergence of Chinese-style modernization. This comparison is presented as a logical sequence of gradual progression from the “abstract to the concrete”, and presents a dynamically extended autonomous body of knowledge that includes several key elements. Firstly, in the sense of transcending the old ways of Western-style and old Chinese-style modernisation, the essence of Chinese-style modernisation is revealed as “socialist modernisation”. secondly, in the sense of transcending the old ways of Soviet rigidity and the early exploration of new China, the essence of Chinese-style modernisation is further sublimated to “socialist modernisation with Chinese characteristics”. Thirdly, in the sense that it transcends the exploration methods of the early reform and opening-up period and shows the coordinates of the development path of modernization, Chinese modernization is again sublimated to “socialist modernization with Chinese characteristics in the new era”. Fourthly, in the great era of “China going global”, in the sense of the coordinate system of building a community of human destiny and creating a new form of human civilization, Chinese modernization will be understood as a modernization that looks at the world, takes the road of peaceful development, and “seeks progress for mankind and a commonwealth for the world”.

TheFlowandShapeofMainstreamIdeologyontheInternet

ZHANG Aijun

Network technology, economic inequality, identity politics, political emotions and other factors contribute to the quantitative and qualitative changes of mainstream online ideology. The mainstream ideology of the Internet is virtual, structural, fragmented and consensual, and the virtual nature is an important precondition for the change of the mainstream ideology of the Internet. The mainstream ideology of the Internet not only has relative independence and new ideological attributes, but also has a different structure and function from or even independent of the mainstream ideology of reality. The dissemination process of mainstream ideology on the Internet is a process of continuous interception, deconstruction and reconstruction by Internet users. The political psychology of netizens is significantly related to mainstream ideology on the Internet, and is an important factor in the diversion of mainstream ideology on the Internet and the creation and reconstruction of non-mainstream ideology on the Internet. Public power has the dual task of building the mainstream ideology of reality on one hand and the mainstream ideology of the Internet on the other.

ATheoreticalModel-buildingApproachtoEmergencyManagementResearch

TONG Xing

At present, the case study method is widely used in emergency management research because the occurrence of any risk-disaster crisis and its emergency management is an evolutionary process with many twists and turns, complex influencing factors, and numerous and frequent interactions among the participants, making it a suitable object for “storytelling”. However, the inherent weakness of the case study method, namely the question of whether the analysis of particular cases can lead to general laws, is particularly evident in the study of emergency management. There are so many different types of emergencies, so many different circumstances, so many different response strategies, and so many different response effects that it seems difficult to find general patterns through case studies. This is why the research team led by the author has been advocating a “process-structure” approach to emergency management case studies. The prerequisite and difficulty of using the “process-structure” approach is to construct a theoretical model to analyse the structure of the incident and response process. In the light of the team’s previous work, here we discuss the methodology for constructing theoretical models and analysing the structure of the process.

TheParadoxofUnderstandingandtheAvoidanceofTrapintheNetZeroCarbonGoalProcess

PAN Jiahua, LI Yushan

Achieving carbon neutrality, i.e. net zero carbon emissions, by the middle of the 21st century is an important condition for the Paris Agreement’s temperature control targets, and is the focus and difficulty of the global response to climate change. The fundamental path to achieving carbon neutrality lies in the orderly withdrawal of fossil energy sources and the effective and smooth replacement of renewable energy sources. However, the moral, safety and performance perception paradoxes in the net-zero carbon transition process may lead to an imbalance in the game, leading to the trap of a noisy, high-carbon lock-in and a rush for success. China is well positioned to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, but the transition cannot be achieved in one step. It is important to seize the opportunity to follow the trend, but also to avoid falling into the trap of the net zero carbon process.

TheHistoryofChina-ASEANClimateCooperation:Significance,IssuesandFuturePath

HUANG Dong, LIU Yunhe

China and ASEAN countries are the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. Climate cooperation is an effective way for both sides to jointly address climate change, improve the adaptive capacity of developing countries and demonstrate their national soft power in the political game. China-ASEAN climate cooperation can be divided into three stages: embryonic, development and deepening, forming a cooperation model with a gradual cooperation process, multi-level cooperation mechanism, broad cooperation content and diversified participating subjects. China-ASEAN climate cooperation is conducive to promoting sustainable regional socio-economic development, jointly addressing the challenges of climate change, promoting global climate governance and accelerating the building of a climate community. However, the current climate cooperation between the two sides still suffers from overly fragmented cooperation areas, lack of compulsory power in the cooperation system, lack of cooperation monitoring and feedback mechanisms, and different levels of development among ASEAN countries. In the future, China-ASEAN climate cooperation should focus on key areas and clarify cooperation mechanisms; strengthen the effectiveness of the system and improve policy implementation; establish a regulatory mechanism and accept social supervision; respect the overall interests of ASEAN and scientifically use multiple cooperation mechanisms; and lead international climate cooperation to promote sustainable development.

China’sStockPricingunderEntryRegulation:EmpiricalResearch
BasedonSecuritiesMarket

CHEN Donghua, XU Wei

Government regulation is prevalent in economies around the world, but the extent, content and form of regulation varies. The causes, modalities and consequences of regulation have been more fully appreciated, explained and tested both theoretically and empirically, but the impact of economic quasi-rents formed by regulation on the pricing of specific micro-individuals has still not received sufficient attention. The paper examines the impact of issue access controls on the pricing of listed companies in China's securities market and tests it empirically. The study finds that entry controls significantly enhance the pricing of listed companies. Further, using the institutional differences in entry controls between the NSE and the Main Board and sample data from 2011-2016, the specific impact of controls on pricing is empirically estimated, and the results show that entry controls lead to a median increase in pricing of listed companies of RMB 3.44 billion (mean of RMB 6.6 billion), accounting for an average of 61% of market capitalisation. In addition, there is heterogeneity in the impact of entry controls on firm pricing, with a stronger impact on state-owned listed firms and a lower impact on more profitable firms. The relevant findings have relatively important implications for understanding the pricing mechanism of listed companies in China, the signalling role of stock prices, and the impact of securities markets on macro resource allocation efficiency.

StrategiesforUpgradingthePilotFreeTradeZoneintheContextof
Chinese-styleModernisation

DAI Xiang

As a major strategic initiative to promote reform and opening up in the new era, the construction of free trade pilot zones has made remarkable achievements in areas such as enhancing the quality of an open economy and building a more internationally competitive modern industrial system, but it also faces problems such as a weak sense of access for micro-entities and a lack of systemic integration of institutional innovation. At present, the comprehensive construction of Chinese-style modernisation has given the FTZ new objectives and tasks, namely, the construction of the FTZ should help promote the modernisation of a huge population, the modernisation of common prosperity of the people, the modernisation of the harmony between material and spiritual civilisation, the modernisation of the harmony between human beings and nature, and the modernisation of the road to peaceful development. With the new objectives and tasks in mind, the future construction of the FTZ must be guided by the spirit of the report of the 20th Party Congress, and must not only crack the above-mentioned problems faced, but also implement the FTZ upgrading strategy in multiple dimensions, including institutional innovation, top-level design, linkage innovation, incremental expansion as well as quality and efficiency enhancement, in order to better play the proper role of the FTZ in promoting Chinese-style modernisation.

IndustrialChainsandMeta-cosmicRights:DefinitionandReinventionin
ANewLandscapeofChange

LIN Tianqiang

Ancient Chinese philosophers proposed that “the universe is my mind and my mind is the universe”, and the translation of “yuan” has transcendent and metaphysical connotations. At a time when globalisation and counter-globalisation are clashing, China needs to gain the right to define the future of the meta-universe industry, i.e. the right to the meta-universe. The fundamental technologies of the digital age include artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, big data, a new generation of Internet and smart terminals and their display technologies, which create virtual worlds that are dependent on the real world and integrate more deeply with reality, promising to achieve mutual complementarity and merge into one, but also the possibility of transcending reality. Based on China’s industrial revolution, metaverse will reinvent the industrial chain in the industrial field in conjunction with China’s chain length system, creating robust and powerful industrial chains and supply chains that will revolutionise the way humans produce and live. As a key opportunity to define the next generation of the Internet and industry, metaverse power is also a historical opportunity for China to realise its goal of a community of human destiny and to establish the right to define the future of technology.

AnExaminationoftheRisksofArtificialIntelligenceEducationintheTransformationofDigitalEducation——KeyPointsandThinkingofArtificialIntelligenceandEducation:AGuideforPolicymakersbyUNESCO

LAN Guoshuai

As the key driving force to promote the fourth industrial revolution and educational reform, artificial intelligence shows great potential of digital transformation of empowering education, and can play an important role in application scenarios such as educational management and teaching, learner learning and evaluation, teacher professional development and teaching, lifelong learning, etc. However, its educational application also has many risks, including data ethical problems and algorithm bias, gender discrimination, lack of evidence of application effectiveness, crisis of teacher’s role remodeling, weakening learners’ subjective initiative, etc. Therefore, rational planning of AI education policy and avoiding potential risks are particularly important for promoting the digital transformation and upgrading of AI empowerment education. Reasonable planning of AI education policy requires policy makers to be clear about the structural change and intelligent transformation and upgrading potential of AI-enabled traditional teaching, possess AI knowledge, examine the potential technical ethical risks of AI education application, and master the forms, characteristics and categories of AI education policy making at home and abroad. To strengthen the digital transformation of deep empowerment education of artificial intelligence, realize the common interests of education and build a sustainable future education, we should strengthen interdisciplinary planning and cross-departmental collaborative governance, and promote the digital transformation of collaborative governance of artificial intelligence education. We will build an intelligent education management system to help the digital transformation of artificial intelligence monitoring and evaluation. We will deepen the classroom teaching reform of artificial intelligence empowerment and promote the digital transformation of classroom teaching methods. We will build an ecosystem of “artificial intelligence+teacher education” to realize the digital transformation of faculty development.

TheEUBiodiversityConservationGovernanceSystem:Characteristics,DriversandInsights

WANG Sidan

Biodiversity governance in the EU is an important part of the European Green New Deal and is intertwined with the environment, oceans, forests, agriculture, climate and other areas. Biodiversity governance in Europe has been characterised by an overlapping of functions in the course of its history. Biodiversity governance is not only the focus of action in the European Green New Deal, but also reflects a multi-disciplinary, multi-level and multi-sectoral governance logic that is embedded in each other. From the perspective of multi-level governance, EU biodiversity conservation forms a relationship of mutual constraint, influence and coordination at the level of international biodiversity regime building, EU biodiversity strategy, internal environmental politics of member states and local implementation. In addition, multiple actors, including international organisations, NGOs, business groups and scientific institutions, link the EU’s multi-level governance structure and play an important role in biodiversity governance. The EU biodiversity governance has important reference value for China in terms of policy practices, and there is a wide scope for the development of Sino-European cooperation on biodiversity governance, which is an important opportunity and platform for both sides to participate in global environmental governance, but we should also pay attention to the significant differences in terms of development stages, national conditions and national capacities. The Sino-European cooperation on biodiversity should move towards institutionalised development, thus supporting and promoting exchanges and cooperation in other areas.

JapanandASEANCooperationonBiodiversity:History,Characteristics,ProspectandEnlightenment

JIN Guanhui

In the context of deepening global biodiversity governance, Japan and ASEAN have cooperated for more than two decades. After the establishment of “Japan-ASEAN Dialogue on Environmental Cooperation”, the process of biodiversity cooperation between the two sides has been significantly accelerated, and the content has been continuously enriched. It has shifted from traditional ecological protection to environmentally sustainable city construction, marine biodiversity protection, low-carbon society construction, capacity building and other fields to expand. Relying on its economic and technological advantages, Japan leads the formulation of cooperation agendas and projects, disseminates its own ideas through capacity-building projects, and shapes the perception of ASEAN countries, making ASEAN gradually “governance-dependent” on Japan. The biodiversity cooperation cannot conceal Japan’s geographical interests, and there is an obvious asymmetric relationship in the cooperation. In the post-COVID-19 era, Japan and ASEAN will continue to implement the requirements of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and give priority to promoting the construction of a decarbonized society. Due to the impact of the “post-2020 biodiversity framework”, the asymmetric relationship between Japan and ASEAN will continue to strengthen. In recent years, China has actively promoted biodiversity conservation and cooperation with ASEAN. We should focus on project implementation, economic development, innovation in cooperation content, and emphasizing the “green development” narrative, thereby enhancing China’s discourse power in global biodiversity governance.