波兰露台公寓

建筑设计：Architekt Maciej Franta | 面积 : 300 平方米 | 地点：波兰 | 时间：2021 年 | 摄影：Villa Reden

Design Company: Architekt Maciej Franta | Built: 300 m2| Location: Chorzów,Poland | Date: 2021 |Photo credits: Villa Reden

场地独特的文脉，以及在这一特别的区域植入新肌理所带来的潜在负面影响，意味着作出设计新建筑的决定并不简单，且需严格遵循以下指导方针：不与周边环境争夺焦点，并用一种现代的方式回应特殊的环境。因为甲方有限的预算和极高的期待，设计任务变得更加困难。这座公寓之所以有如此形态是因为待开发的基地为不规则多边形，且设计意在保留原场地更多的树木。这些小灵感成为建筑塑形的基本指导原则。建筑的形式被一步步创造出来。

首先，建筑体量与公寓功能相协调，使各项功能在不规则形体中的排布得以优化。其次，建筑边界沿着场地轮廓展开，公寓房间被可以遍览全景的阳台环绕。由于建筑的一角尖锐地指向外部环境，我们决定对这个锐角做圆弧化处理，协调其与邻居、树冠和周边绿化的关系。下一步，为了增加对周边环境的视野，建筑体量四周安置了木质观景平台，点亮公寓内部（门厅和洗手间）的内庭的引入和架空的首层为设计带来了内部的空隙，使得未被开发的首层成为住户社交和其他附加室外功能的空间。

宽敞露台的引入为建筑增添了特色，你可以从平台欣赏周边动人的景色，同时周边树木和内庭的采光也让建筑与自然紧密结合。最后一步是确定立面的节奏。立面采用了纵向分隔，创造出框定自由建筑体量的富有表现力的规则正方形。立面的每一处分隔都是相等的，连伸出的锐角部分和其他的增建也不例外。

尽管看起来像是一栋相互关联的公寓建筑，它其实被设计为一座可以容纳四户家庭、拥有两个公寓集合的住宅综合体。整栋建筑共拥有八户公寓，被分为四个独立的功能分区，首层空间大部分是服务于所有住户的公共空间，其次是包含设备间（热交换、强弱电和给排水）的入口区域。每个功能分区在首层都有独立的入口，通过楼梯通往住户。

每户公寓都可以通往内庭和外围不规则宽度的露台，内庭引入的自然光照亮了入口区域和洗手间。整栋建筑使用面积为715.4 平方米，包含占用两层的八户75 到76平米不等的公寓。

The unique context of the place and the potential negative consequence of implementing a new tissue in this unique area meant that the decision to shape a new building was not easy and had to refer directly to these guidelines,not compete with them,and "respond" to the environment with its uniqueness in a contemporary way.The task was even more difficult as the budget was limited and the investor’s expectations were high.

The idea and shape of the building resulted directly from the irregular polygonal shape of the area intended for development and the idea of leaving the largest possible tree stand on the plot.Such a simple inspiration has become the basic guideline for shaping the building.Creating the form step by step,first of all:the solid was formed in accordance with the function of the apartments,optimizing their function into the shape of an irregular polygon.

Then,a perimeter line was marked along the plot boundaries and the block of flats was surrounded with balconies to obtain a panoramic opening to the surroundings.Due to the acute angles (foreign in the context),it was decided to round the corners,referring to the character of the interwar villas in the neighborhood,tree crowns and the surrounding greenery.In the next step,to open the view to the surroundings,the block was dressed in wooden viewing terraces with various surfaces around it,an internal break in the form was introduced by implementing a patio to illuminate the internal parts of the apartments(bathrooms and entrance areas to the apartments)and the floor of the residential part was raised by one level,leaving undeveloped ground floor as a space for social interactions of residents and additional external functions.

The building formed in this way received unique features in the form of large terraces,from which you can enjoy the charms of the surroundings,and full integration with nature due to the proximity of trees and additional lighting in the patio.In the last step,the rhythm of the elevation was shaped.Vertical divisions of the façade were introduced,creating expressive regular squares arranging the freely formed volume of the building.It was ensured that the division of the facade and its rhythm were equal and did not have anomalies in the form of extensions or additional elements.