钩沉文史脉络 重现鲜活记忆

文 / 严粒粒 胡 婷

杭州余杭良渚古城外围水系统—秋坞水坝遗址。林天立/摄The site of Qiuwu Dam, part of the water conservancy system of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo by Lin Tianli.

文化是条来自远古、途经现在、流向未来的河流。在这条大河之上，浙江文化如一颗璀璨明珠，从古闪耀至今。

为深入阐述、传承灿烂厚重的浙江历史文化，讲好浙江的历史人文故事， 2018年，由浙江省文史研究馆发起的《浙江文史记忆》丛书编纂工作正式启动；2020年，在各地相关部门的支持下，丛书编纂工作在11个设区市全面铺开。丛书力求从文史视角，系统介绍浙江的主要文明演进、重要历史文化人物和重大文史事件。

丛书由省卷1卷、市卷11卷、县（市、区）86卷共98卷组成，填补了浙江省文史研究成果在简明性、普及性和全域性方面的空白，让全体社会更多地了解和掌握浙江各地历史人文特色。

8月1日，首批《浙江文史记忆》丛书，即省卷，以及嘉兴市、县（市）卷率先出版发布。全套丛书预计今年年底将陆续出版。日前，我们对话丛书编纂的参与者们，进一步明晰这套丛书的特色、价值和意义。

文化先行 勇挑文化建设重任

我们为什么要重视文史记忆？

“悠久的历史文化是我们的根和灵魂，任何时代的人们都只能在前人的基础上前行。”省卷绪论的这句话，宏观地回答了这一问题。

保护好、传承好、利用好中华优秀传统文化，挖掘其丰富内涵，是一项意义深远的大事。

我们的文化自信，来源于深厚的历史根基。浙江历来“人文渊薮”，是中华文明的发祥地之一。

距今约一百万年的长兴七里亭遗址，就有古人类在浙江境内活动的痕迹；距今约一万年前的浦江上山文化遗址群中普遍发现了早期稻作遗存；距今约8000年前的萧山跨湖桥文化有着中国史前文化史上最早的独木舟、最早的漆器、最早的“中药罐”等多个“第一”；距今约7000年的余姚河姆渡文化是中国最早的新石器时期文化遗址之一；距今约5000年的余杭良渚古城有着“中华第一城”之称……

这片历史厚重的沃土，孕育了丰饶的文化积淀。

其中，有许多是中华文化史上的“经典”—比如，“和合文化”象征“贵和尚中、善解能容，厚德载物、和而不同”的宽容品格，是我们民族所追求的一种文化理念；“浙东唐诗之路”上历史遗存和人文典故众多，唐代四百多位诗人在此留下了1500多首传世名篇；南宋建都临安，留下风雅宋韵；阳明心学则成为中国思想文化史上的重要学说……

记忆文史，是时代之需、现实之需，更是浙江之需。

早在2003年，浙江就提出了“加快建设文化大省”。尤其是这十多年来，浙江正从文化大省迈向文化强省，打造新时代文化高地。浙江文化研究工程、宋韵文化传世工程、大运河文化带建设、诗路文化带建设……徜徉在这股强劲的文化建设大潮里，全省范围内一批重要文化工程相继启动，大力推动在共同富裕中实现精神富有、在现代化先行中实现文化先行。

据不完全统计，自2018年项目启动以来，浙江省文史研究馆召开各类专题会议30余次，组织馆内专家力量赴各地调研指导20余次，省市县三级参与丛书编纂工作的人员达1000余人。

追古述今 勾勒人文历史脉络

泱泱中华，文明博大。和古老悠久的中华文明史一样，丛书有着厚重的气质。

丛书省卷字数30万字左右，市县一级每卷字数15万至25万字不等； 丛书书写的故事以时间（朝代）为序，从史前文明曙光初照起，绵延先秦、秦汉六朝、隋唐五代、宋元明清、辛亥革命，以及新中国成立以来各个时期。

浙江几千年文明是一个整体。因此，在内容排布上，丛书的每一卷、每一章的最开始，都有这一时期的历史沿革、发展进程的整体概述，便于读者一目了然地了解这个朝代时浙江历史发展的特色和特点。

和绚烂多彩的中华文明一样，这套丛书也有着宽广的选题。

文化是个抽象的大概念。“人文指向人类社会中的各种文化现象，而文化则指向人类的不同生活方式、价值体系与制度习俗，包括民族或族群精神活动的方式、精神活动成果以及在历史中形成的精神文明传统。”浙江省文史研究馆馆员、浙江省社科院研究员吴光在省卷绪论中说。

杭州余杭良渚古城遗址出土的黑陶纹饰展开状。良渚管委会/供图Patterns on the black pottery excavated at the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo provided by Hangzhou Liangzhu Archaeological Site Administrative District Management Committee.

杭州余杭良渚反山遗址出土的玉琮王。良渚管委会/供图A king jade cong excavated at the Fanshan Cemetery of the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City. Photo provided by Hangzhou Liangzhu Archaeological Site Administrative District Management Committee.

如他所言，丛书内容不拘泥于狭义上的“人文文化”。鬼斧神工的山脉水系、烽火硝烟中的抗战历程、且行且吟的诗词歌赋……浙江在文史哲、科学、教育、艺术等方面的发展历程和人文精髓，书中都有所涉及。

历史说到底在于人的故事。丛书以历史人物叙述为主线，兼顾重大历史事件。这一特点，从各个章节的标题中频频出现的人名即可发现。

人的行踪又是不定的。要如何规避内容写作时的重复？丛书秉持的原则是：详略得当，各有侧重。比如，省卷中，王阳明是“明朝时期的浙江”一章的“主角”之一，叙述重点在概述他的“阳明心学”。编纂组工作人员透露，有关他更详尽的故事，涉及早年的，可能会出现在宁波相关卷，后期的则可能在绍兴相关卷中出现。

文史也并不只代表过去。所有历史，都从今天出发。与时俱进的浙江，正向世人展现她的新风貌。

省卷里，锚定了这样一些节点性的时间和事件：改革开放以来，浙江乡镇企业与民营企业异军突起；现代化建设新成就在世纪之交探索发展；“八八战略”是引领浙江发展、推进浙江各项工作的总纲领和总方略；“红船精神”被首次提出；“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念发挥理论伟力与实践活力；新时代的“重要窗口”正在打造标志性成果；这个全国第一个完成脱贫攻坚任务的省份正推动共同富裕示范先行和省域现代化先行……

沿着省卷留下的线索索骥，嘉兴市卷截取了具有地域性标识的“文史记忆”，比如，步鑫生的“剪刀传奇”剪开了中国城镇企业改革的帷幕、公共图书馆的“嘉兴模式”成为公共文化服务走在全国前列的典范、乌镇成为世界互联网大会永久举办地……

改革开放以来，尤其是进入新世纪、新时代以来，浙江发展的一系列重大成就与悠远的历史一同被编进了书里，为读者从整体上把握浙江文化大省建设的发展历程和实践成果提供了有益参考。

厚史“小书” 生动讲述文史记忆

丛书项目参与人数之多、编纂体量之大、涉及范围之广，开创了省文史馆建馆史上的先河。如此浩大的项目，在实施过程中必然有许多难点需要克服、思想需要统一。

仅针对省卷，省文史馆就专题召开了20余次会议研究文稿的修改完善；组织专家累计近百人次对全文各部分内容进行审核；文章作者、省文史馆馆员、茅盾文学奖获得者王旭烽作了多达18轮的文稿调整和修改。

丛书既是一套纵观古今的“大书”，也是一套简明易读的“小书”—以尊重历史为前提，它定位为面向大众的普及性书籍，需要平衡文学性、史实性、知识性的关系。

“话说那秦始皇，横渡浙江时威风凛凛，观者人山人海，谁知就有一个天下大英雄隐身其中，正是秦国的死对头、楚国贵族名将项燕之孙项羽……传说此时的项羽和他的叔叔项梁正站在岸边观看，禁不住脱口而出：‘彼可取而代之也。’项梁大吃一惊，急忙伸手捂住项羽的嘴，小声责备：‘别乱说！你不怕全家合族都要杀头吗！’”

随手翻开省卷一页，类似这样富有文学色彩的叙述是丛书的一大特色。有人曾提出质疑：历史应不应该这么写？

王旭烽运用夹叙夹议的手法，在每个章节前后留下精简的评析。“写历史性文章不是纯文学，不能通篇意境。真实、公认的观点阐述，既能引发读者思考，又方便读者提纲挈领。”

历史有“扬”有“抑”。两者的舍取，考验着丛书的格局。

南宋是个矛盾的朝代，在经济、文化、科技诸方面都极为发达的同时，政治制度扭曲。宋王朝如何在仓皇中狼狈南赴、如何重用权臣贾似道误国误民、又如何卑怯地辜负像文天祥这样忠诚朝臣后走向灭亡……这些“负面”，省卷的“南宋时期的浙江”章节并没有刻意回避。

写作过程中，王旭烽拒绝了回避一些“灰暗”的历史侧面、让故事“好看”的建议。“没有一段封建王朝的历史是全然光彩的。”她认为，历史的经验值得注意，历史的教训更应引以为戒。

王旭烽是颇为合适的作者。她毕业于历史系，具有专业基础；写过《走读浙江》，对浙江各地的历史文化遗迹、人物有知识储备；获得过茅盾文学奖，文学性写作更是游刃有余。2020年，以她的省卷初稿为母本，市县卷工作全面铺开。

市县一级能找到像她这样的作者吗？有的县没有文史馆，又该由谁来组织呢？浙江省文史研究馆一度犯难。

很快，省内各地市的参与热情，打消了这一顾虑。在各市宣传部的统筹协调下，市县卷编纂出版工作有力推进，有的地方还专门成立编委会，形成了组织机构，集中了编纂力量。

对于当地来说，丛书是一次整体梳理当地文史的难得契机。丛书的嘉兴卷及县（市）卷是嘉兴首次市、县（市）联动参与编纂出版的有着通史性质的文史丛书，内容涵盖各个领域，可谓嘉兴“一方之全史”“百科之全书”。“记录历史有必要从‘史’向‘文史’靠拢。我们记录历史向来只偏重史，丛书把‘文’和‘史’结合起来，‘补史之缺、详史之略、续史之无’。”嘉兴市政协副主席王登峰介绍，不少对当地历史文化颇有研究的学者专家都积极参与其中，丛书不仅充分发挥了他们的学识专业性，更赋予了他们灵活多元的书写空间。

知史鉴今，观照未来。丛书出版，任务只完成了一半。编纂组希望，未来，丛书能成大众的案头书籍，用生动的浙江故事，打造浙江新时代文化高地建设进程中的一张文化“金名片”。

我们期待着。

每年7月6日是“杭州良渚日”。2022年7月6日，作为良渚古城遗址外围水利系统重要组成的老虎岭遗址公园首次向公众开放。董旭明 徐彦 摇慧敏/摄The Hangzhou Liangzhu Day falls on July 6 every year. On July 6, 2022, the Laohuling Ruins Park, an important part of the water conservancy system surrounding the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City, was opened to the public for thefirst time. Photo by Dong Xuming, Xu Yan and Yao Huimin.

Reviving Culture and History Memories of Zhejiang

By Yan Lili Hu Ting

Culture is a river that comes from the past, passes through the present and flows into the future. On this river, Zhejiang culture is like a bright pearl that shines from the past to the present.

To elaborate and inherit the splendid rich culture and history of Zhejiang, and tell the humanistic stories of the province,Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History initiated the compilation of a book series titled “Memory of Zhejiang Culture and History”. Officially launched in 2018, 11 prefecturallevel cities carried out the project in full swing starting in 2020,with the support of relevant departments. The book series seeks to systematically introduce the major civilizational evolution,important culturalfigures and major cultural and historical events in Zhejiang from a cultural and historical perspective.

With a total of 98 volumes, the series consists of 1 provincial volume, 11 city-level volumes, 86 volumes of counties (cities and districts). Itfills the gap of Zhejiang’s cultural and historical achievements in terms of universality and regionality.

2019年9月25日，刚完工的互联网之光博览中心亮相乌镇。倪雁强 魏衍方/摄The Light of the Internet Expo Center makes its debut in Wuzhen on September 25, 2019. Photo by Ni Yanqiang and Wei Yanfang.

On August 1, thefirst batch of the book series, namely the provincial volume and the volumes on Jiaxing city and its counties(cities) were the first to come out. The whole series is expected to be released successively by the end of this year. A few days ago, we had a conversation with the editors to further clarify the characteristics, value and significance of the book series.

Why do we need to remember culture and history? “Age-old history and culture are our roots and soul, and people of any era can only build on what their ancestors have left.” The quote from the introduction of the provincial volume answers this question in a broad stroke.

In 2003, Zhejiang proposed to “accelerate the construction of a culturally strong province”. In the past decade, Zhejiang has transformed itself from a culturally big province to a “culturally strong” province, pointing to a cultural high ground in the new era.

Since the start of the project in 2018, the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History has held more than 30 meetings on various topics, gathered together experts of the institute to do field research for more than 20 times, and involved more than 1,000 people in the project at the provincial, city and county levels.

The word count of the provincial volume is about 300,000 Chinese characters, and those for city and county volumes range from 150,000 to 250,000. The contents are written in chronological order, from the dawn of prehistoric civilization to the various periods since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

“The thousands-year civilization of Zhejiang is an entirety.Therefore, the editors were not in favor of dividing the manuscripts into pure historical records as thefirst half and stories as the second half. That would seem like a mechanical patchwork,and all the characters and events would lack an overall historical background,” Wang Yongchang, director of the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History, said.

Therefore, in terms of content layout, each volume, and each chapter, begins with an overview of the historical evolution and development of the period, making it easy for readers to understand immediately the features of the historical development of Zhejiang during the said periods.

Like the diversified Chinese civilization, this book series also has a wide selection of topics.

As Wang said, the contents of the series are not confined to the “humanistic culture” in its narrow sense but cover the history and essence of Zhejiang’s development in culture, history,philosophy, science, education, arts, among other aspects.

Culture and history do not represent the past only, for all histories start from the present. Zhejiang, keeping pace with the times, is showing the world her new style.

The provincial volume records such landmark events: since the Reform and Opening-up, Zhejiang township enterprises and private enterprises have emerged; new achievements in modernization at the turn of the century have developed; “the Double Eight Strategies” have been brought up as the overall guide for the development of Zhejiang; “the Red Boat Spirit” wasfirst proposed; the philosophy of “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” has shown both theoretical power and practical vitality; Zhejiang as the first province nationwide to complete the task of poverty eradication is primarily promoting common prosperity ...

The number of participants and the editing work, and the scope of the project are unprecedented in the history of the Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History. In the process of implementing such a huge project, there are bound to be many difficulties to overcome and different ideas to unify.

For the provincial volume alone, the institute held more than 20 meetings to study manuscript revisions; nearly 100 experts were organized to review the contents of various parts. Among them is Wang Xufeng, a member of the institute and winner of the Mao Dun Literature Prize, who conducted as many as 18 rounds of manuscript revision.

The series is both a “big book” that looks at the past and the present, and a “small book” that is concise and easy to read — being true to history as the foundation, it is targeted for the general public as a popular reading and needs to balance literary, historical and informative elements.

History has both “bright” and “dark” sides. During her writing, Wang Xufeng rejected the suggestion to avoid some “dark”aspects of history and make stories “nice and bright”. “No history of a feudal dynasty is completely glorious,” she said. She believes that the experience drawn from history is worth noting, and the lessons should be learned.

杭州岳王庙。陈莹/摄The Yufei Temple in Hangzhou city. Photo by Chen Ying.

Wang is quite a suitable author for the book series. She studied history and is a professional historian; she has writtenand has a good knowledge of historical and cultural sites and people around Zhejiang; she is a Mao Dun Literature Prize winner and is comfortable with literary writing.Beginning in 2020, based on her first draft of the provincial volume, the compilation work on the city- and county-level volumes has been carried out comprehensively.

But could authors like Wang be found at the county level?For the counties that do not have culture and history research institutes, which body should be in charge of this project locally?Zhejiang Research Institute of Culture and History was faced with such a dilemma.

Soon, the enthusiasm of the cities dispelled this concern.Under the coordination of local publicity departments, the compilation and publication of city- and county-level volumes have been vigorously promoted, and some places even set up editorial committees to pool the compilation resources.

Although the publication of the book series still has more than a half to complete, the editorial committee hopes that in the future the book series could become a favorite reading for the public, and a cultural “golden card” for building Zhejiang into a cultural high ground in the new era.