2023年高考热门主题语境2：科学与技术

四川 蒋建平

一、素材积累

Ⅰ. 核心单词

1. database n. 数据库

2. patent n. 专利证书；专利权

3. chip n. 芯片

4. electronic adj. 电子的

5. robot n. 机器人

6. virus n. 病毒

7. operate v. 操作

8. accurate adj. 精确的

accurately adv. 精确地

accuracy n. 精确；准确性

9. access v. 存取（计算机文件）

10. scan v. 扫描

11. download v. 下载

12. update v. 更新；使现代化

13. biotechnology n. 生物技术

14. breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破

15. intelligent adj. 智能的

intelligence n. 智力；智慧

16. analyze v. 分析

analysis n. 分析

17. create v. 创造；创建

creation n. 创造；创作

creative adj. 有创造力的；创造的

creator n. 创造者

18. digital adj. 数字的

19. automatic adj. 自动的

20. invent v. 发明

invention n. 发明；创造

inventor n. 发明者；发明家

Ⅱ. 高频短语

1. facial recognition 人脸识别

2. gene engineering 基因工程

3. manned spacecraft 载人飞船

4. biological technology 生物技术

5. mobile payment 移动支付

6. Smile to Pay 刷脸支付

7. touch screen 触摸屏

8. artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能

9. virtual reality （VR） 虚拟现实

10. advanced science 尖端科学

11. technical innovation 技术创新

12. scientific exploration 科学探索

13. search engine 搜索引擎

14. intelligent terminal 智能终端

15. digital technology 数字技术

16. high-tech product 高科技产品

17. communication satellite 通信卫星

18. in an age of information explosion 在一个信息爆炸的时代

19. break down （系统）瘫痪

20. launch a satellite 发射人造卫星

Ⅲ. 靓句积累

1. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句

With the rapid development of science and technology, a variety of hightech products has drawn the attention of people all over the world, with which it is more convenient for people to use the network. 随着科学技术的快速发展，各种高科技产品引起了世界各地人们的注意，有了这些产品，人们使用网络就更加方便了。

2. It goes without saying that...

It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life. 不用说，现代科技给我们的生活带来了便利和舒适。

3. with的复合结构

Data released last week highlighted the rise of renewable energy, with electricity generation from clean sources doubling since 2018. 上周公布的数据突显了可再生能源的兴起，清洁能源的发电量自2018年以来翻了一番。

4. as引导状语从句

Driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.随着价格的下降和越来越多的人开始适应这项技术，无人驾驶汽车的拥有量可能会增加。

5. 过去分词短语作定语

The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities to develop transportation systems designed to move more people more affordably. 即将到来的技术进步为城市提供了一个发展交通系统的机会，旨在让更多的人以更经济的方式出行。

二、续写金句

1. Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not using it would make them an outsider. 大多数发达国家已经变得依赖数字技术，这仅仅是因为他们已经习惯了它，在这种情况下，不使用数字技术会使他们成为局外人。

2. As data and identity theft become more and more common, the market is growing for biometric technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. 随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，生物识别技术（如指纹扫描）的市场正在增长，以防止其他人进入私人电子空间。

3. How do we maintain a healthy balance in our use of technology and not become run down by it? First of all, just because there are hundreds of items on the market geared to make our lives easier does not mean we have to use them all.We should use only those that work best for us. Dealing with too many gadgets can be confusing and time-consuming. 我们如何在使用科技的过程中保持健康的平衡，而不被科技所拖累呢？ 首先，仅仅因为市场上有数百种产品可以让我们的生活更容易，并不意味着我们必须使用它们。我们应该只使用那些对我们最有效的产品。 应对太多的产品会让人感到困惑和消耗时间。

4. Shortly, all of us are going to use our voices to give instructions to computers. We will be able to download any file or update our computers just by saying a few words. 不久，我们所有人都将用自己的声音给电脑发出指令。只要说几句话，我们就能够下载任何文件或更新我们的电脑。

5. Technology is a tool. It is worth remembering that technology is only a tool we have at our disposal. We can't escape the virtual world and nor should we try,but we can choose to use it more intelligently. 技术是一种工具。值得记住的是，技术只是供我们使用的一种工具。 我们无法逃避虚拟世界，也不应该尝试逃避，但我们可以选择更明智地使用它。

三、主题测评

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

体裁：说明文 篇幅：328词 建议用时：7分钟

来源：改编 新颖度：★★★★ 素养视角：研发机器人来帮助老年人自立

A robot created by Washington State University (WSU) scientists could help elderly people with dementia (痴呆) and other limitations live independently in their own homes.

The Robot Activity Support System, or RAS, uses sensors installed in a WSU smart home to determine where its residents are, what they are doing and when they need assistance with daily activities. It navigates (导航) through rooms and around obstacles to find people on its own, provides video instructions on how to do simple tasks and can even lead its owner to objects like their medication or a snack in the kitchen.

“RAS combines the convenience of a mobile robot with the activity detection technology of a WSU smart home to provide assistance at the moment, as the need for help is detected,” said Bryan Minor, a postdoctoral researcher in the WSU School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.

Currently, an estimated 50 percent of adults over the age of 85 need assistance with everyday activities such as preparing meals and taking medication, and the annual cost of this assistance in the US is nearly $2 trillion. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 2050, researchers hope that technologies like RAS and the WSU smart home will relieve some of the financial strain on the healthcare system by making it easier for older adults to live alone.

RAS is the first robot that researchers have tried to incorporate into their smart home environment. They recently published a study in the journal Cognitive Systems Research that demonstrates how RAS could make life easier for older adults struggling to live independently.

“While we are still in an early stage of development, our initial results with RAS have been promising,” Minor said. “The next step in the research will be to test RAS's performance with a group of older adults to get a better idea of what prompts, video reminders and other preferences they have regarding the robot.”

1. How does RAS serve elderly people?

A. Through sensors.

B. Through objects.

C. Through a mobile robot.

D. Through elderly people's daily activities.

2. What can we know about RAS?

A. It is the first robot used in daily life. B. Its function remains to be tested.

C. It can locate people and do any task. D. It can cook for owners on its own.

3. What's Minor's attitude toward the future of RAS?

A. Doubtful. B. Negative. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Elderly people leave the nursing home

B. Smart home tests first elder-care robot

C. RAS, the first robot to make home smart

D. Older adults have benefited from RAS

Ⅱ. 完形填空

体裁：记叙文 篇幅：317词 建议用时：7分钟

来源：改编 新颖度：★★★★ 素养视角：定位技术救助森林中迷路的人

Rene Compean was no stranger to Angeles National Forest. But after adventuring along a new path last April, he was lost.

As the day faded into dusk, following hours of__1__wandering, his concern turned into fear. The terrain (地带) was remote and ____2_. Compean was unprepared for anything__3__the two-hour journey he'd planned.

Compean climbed to a spot, some 7,000 feet above sea level, where he found at least one bar of__4__. “SOS. My phone is going to die. I'm lost,” he texted a friend, attaching a photo showing__5__he was. The shot showed his legs hanging over steep rocks. All Compean could do then was wait and__6__.

Sixty miles away in Ventura County, Ben Kuo was working at home when he read a tweet from the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department, showing an image of a man's legs. The Sheriff's search-and-rescue teams had spent the previous night ______7 looking for Compean, so they __8__the photo to the public, hoping someone might know the location.

Kuo__9__looking for where photos are taken. When he saw the image of Compean's legs surrounded by rocks and greenery, he automatically pulled up a satellite map on his laptop.

After__10__the greenery with the satellite map, Kuo realized Compean had got to be on the south side because there's not really any green valley on the north side. That finding__11__his search, leading him to an area that__12__the terrain in the image.He cross-referenced the original photo with 3-D images of the area from Google Earth.The location__13__! After spending 27 hours alone in the wilderness, Compean was saved!

Compean's story probably would have ended very__14__had a total stranger with strong satellite skills and a __1__5_eye for detail not taken action.

1. A. accidental B. aimless C. awkward D. dynamic

2. A. rough B. familiar C. flat D. fragile

3. A. rather than B. better than C. more than D. less than

4. A. sign B. signature C. symbol D. signal

5. A. where B. how C. who D. what

6. A. call B. hide C. sleep D. hope

7. A. unsuccessfully B. passionately C. absolutely D. deliberately

8. A. developed B. released C. published D. advertised

9. A. denied B. considered C. risked D. loved

10. A. combining B. comparing C. connecting D. contacting

11. A. launched B. postponed C. narrowed D. concluded

12. A. resembled B. bordered C. followed D. submitted

13. A. responded B. matched C. appeared D. existed

14. A. differently B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. virtually

15. A. bright B. curious C. pure D. sharp

Ⅲ. 语法填空

体裁：说明文 篇幅：232词 建议用时：7分钟

来源：改编 新颖度：★★★★ 素养视角：空中出租车

The idea of a taxi that flies over a traffic jam and drops you home is an exciting proposal. It appears that we are almost there.

German air-taxi startup Volocopter will build its first 1. _________(fly) taxi station by the end of this year in Singapore, paving the way for major changes in 2.________humans will commute in the future. These air taxis, or urban air mobility(UAM) vehicles,are usually 3. ________(electrical) powered taxis based on drone (无人机） technology 4. ________(design) to carry two people. The aim of the technology is 5. ________(save)people time and help cities transform their transportation systems toward a more sustainable future by adding a new mobility option for citizens.

Many companies, including Uber, 6. _________(compete) fiercely in this space now.Chinese automaker Geely led a round of investment worth 50 million euros 7.________will help the startup finance its commercialization in the next three years. Li Shufu,chairman of Geely Holding, said, “Our latest work 8. ________Volocopter builds up our confidence in Volocopter air taxis as the next 9. _________(ambition) step in our wider expansion in both electrification and new mobility services.” “It definitely still seems to be unusual, 10. ________at the same time it is not completely unexpected,” he added.

Still, practical problems remain unsolved, such as getting the go-ahead from regulators and ensuring the trips are safe as many taxis will be flown without pilots.

Ⅳ. 书面表达

体裁：应用文 命题形式：信件 建议用时：20分钟文本来源：改编 新颖度：★★★★ 素养视角：征文写作与半开放性作文

假定你是李华，你校正在学生中征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设智能课堂(smart classroom)。 请你给校长写一封信表达你的看法，要点如下：

1. 你的态度；

2. 你的理由；

3. 表达期待。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Headmaster,

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua