一种桃高光效宜机操作新树形—倒“个”形

周贤豹 潘海发 朱军 谢庆梅 石佩 张金云

摘要：为解决安徽省淮河以南降水量多的区域桃树下半部光秃枯死，及桃栽培不适宜机械化生产的难题，提出一种高光效适宜机械化操作的桃树新树形，即倒“个”形新树形。倒“个”形新树形的桃树中央干强而直立，无主枝、侧枝，中央干上除基部着生2个调节枝组外，其余直接分生小型结果枝组;树高2.5～3.0 m，冠径1.5～2.0 m，主干高度50～70 cm。该树形能促进桃树早产、丰产、稳产，延长桃树盛果期树龄，提高果实商品率和优质果率。

关键词：桃;树形;倒“个”形;整形修剪

中图分类号：S662.1              文献标志码：B              文章编号：1001-1463（2022）06-0093-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2022.06.023

A New Tree Shape for Peach with High-light Efficiency and Suitable for Machine Operation -- Inverted 'Ge' Shape

ZHOU Xianbao 1， PAN Haifa 2， ZHU Jun 3， XIE Qingmei 2， SHI Pei 2， ZHANG Jinyun 2

（1. Wanzhi Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Station of Wanzhi District， Wuhu Anhui 241100， China; 2. Institute of Horticulture， Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Hefei Anhui 230031， China; 3. Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Huaibei City，Huaibei Anhui 235000， China）

Abstract： In order to solve the issues of baldness and death in the lower half of peach trees in the area with abundant rainfall in the south of Huaihe River in Anhui Province and trees unsuitable for mechanized production in peach cultivation， a new peach tree shape with high light efficiency and suitable for mechanized operation was proposed， which was inverted‘Ge’ shape （Chinese character）. The central trunk of peach tree was strong and upright without main and lateral branches， except for two regulating branch groups at the base， all the others were directly divided into small fruiting branch groups. The tree height was 2.5 to 3.0 m， the crown diameter was 1.5 to 2.0 m， and the trunk height was 50 to 70 cm. The application of this tree shape could promote the premature， high and stable yield of peach trees， prolong the tree age of peach trees in full fruit period， and could improve the commodity rate and high-quality fruit rate of fruits.

Key words： Peach; Tree shape; Inverted ‘Ge’ shape; Form pruning

收稿日期：2022 - 04 - 25

基金項目：现代农业产业技术体系专项资金国家桃产业技术体系合肥综合试验站（CARS-30-Z-18）;安徽省果树产业技术体系（皖农科函〔2021〕711号）;安徽省重点研究和开发计划“桃树苗木繁育关键技术集成及工厂化应用”（201904a06020047）。

作者简介：周贤豹（1969 — ），男，安徽芜湖人，农艺师，主要从事农业技术推广工作。Email：332710397@qq.com。

通信作者：张金云（1966 — ），女，安徽南陵人，研究员，博士，主要从事果树栽培育种及植物生理生化研究。Email：zjy600@aaas.org.cn。