把握主谓一致“三原则”，提升解题的效率

杨文龙

主谓一致，顾名思义，就是句子主语和谓语动词在人称和数方面保持一致。它是不少同学的知识薄弱点之一。事实上，要想学好主谓一致，必须把握好如下“三原则”。

原则之一：语法一致

语法一致，是指谓语动词的单复数与句子主语的单复数保持一致。即：若句子主语是单数，则谓语动词用单数形式;反之，若句子主语是复数，则谓语动词用复数形式。具体体现在：

（1）当each，every，no，many a修饰and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：Every teacher and every student is invited to the cer-emony to be held tomorrow.每一位老师和每一位学生都被邀请参加明天举行的典礼。

（2）当“a number of/a group of/a variety of+可数名词复数”用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式;当“thenumber of+可数名词复数”用作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：①A large number of children survivedthe earthquake.不少孩子从地震中幸存了下来。②Thenumber of people who fail each year is in single figures.每年考试不及格的学生不足十人。

（3）若主语后面有together with，long with，aswell as，rather than等短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词前面的主语决定。如：Look，Jack as well ashis brothers is playing basketball over there.看，杰克和他的兄弟们正在那边打篮球。

原则之二：意义一致

意义一致，是指谓语动词的单复数与主语意义上的单复数保持一致。

（1）当maths，physics，news，politics等名词作主语时，尽管形式是复数，但意义则是单数，故谓语动词用单数。如：The news was like a thunder bolt out ofaclear sky.这消息犹如晴天霹雳。

（2）当class，gioup，family，team，govemment，public，audience等集体名词作主语时，若指整体，则谓语动词用单数形式;若指集体成员，则谓语动词用复数。如：①Her audience consists mainly of youngpeople。她的听众主要是年轻人。②The audience weredeeply impressed by the actors' wonderful performance.观众对演员们的精彩表演印象深刻。

（3）表示重量、距离、时间、钱数等复数名词用作主语时，通常视为一个整体，所以后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。如：①Three months is short in one's life，but it is important to me.三个月的时间在人生中是很短暂的，但对我来说却非常重要。②Several milliondollars has been spent on the project.这项工程已耗资数百万美元。

原则之三：就近一致

就近一致原则，是指当句子含有两个或者两个以上的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式应与它最临近的主语保持一致。具体体现在：

（1）在there/here be结构中，be动词的单复数形式由离它最近的主语决定。如：①There is a pen andsome paper on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和一些纸。②There are two apples and a bottle of milk in thebag.袋子里有两个苹果和一瓶牛奶;③Here are somebooks and a pencil-box for you.给我一些书和一个铅笔盒。

（2）当either_ or.，，，neither.….nor.…not

only…butalso..等连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决靠近它的那个主语。如：

①Either you orI am right.不是你对，就是我对。

②Neither his parents nor he is at home today.他父母和他今天都不在家.

③Not only you but also she has to attend the meet-ing.不仅你而且她都得参加这次会议。

【练一练】

①It is said that a number of people

joined theclub and the number of members

still increasing.

A. has;is B.has; are C.have;is D.have; are

②The football coach. as well as his team，____in-terviewed shortly after the match for their outstandingperformance.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

③Either you or one of your students—asked totake part in the first experiment tomorrow.

A. is B.are C.were D.have been

④Politics—by no means the only subject in whichhe is interested.

A. are B.is C.be D.have been

⑤Don't worry. There—enough water， vegetableand fruits in the fridge.

A.are B.is C.be D.have

【答案】①C;②D;③A;④B;⑤B

（作者單位：江苏省盐城市大丰区南阳中学）