2022年高考英语考前冲刺策略
2022-06-08昝亚娟
昝亚娟
通过高中三年的学习,同学们应该已经获得了大量的语言知识和语用知识,但对所学知识的掌握情况存在着较大的个体差异。有相当数量的同学对基础知识的掌握还不够熟练,这是因为他们现阶段还是难以走出题海战术的模式,并没有正确地认识高考复习的策略,从而对即将到来的高考没有十足的把握。同学们若想真正做到高效备考,下面几个环节必不可缺。
一、重视对基础知识的复习
对基础和重点知识的复习是英语学习的基础,同学们要重视对基础知识的复习和巩固,可以从以下几个方面来做:
(一)重读必修教材,巩固基础知识
在高考前,同学们应重视回顾教材,通过重读教材,温习学过的基础知识,夯实基础知识,并做到灵活运用。全国甲卷和乙卷的英语语法填空和短文改错题考查的是英语基础知识在具体语境中的应用。其实,这类试题所考查的英语基础知识在教材中反复出现,这就是所谓的“试题在课外,答案在书上”。重温教材就是对基础词汇和语法的有效复习。同学们应利用早读时间,把高中英语教材,特别是必修教材认真阅读一遍,以达到回顾和巩固基础知识的目的。
在阅读教材时,对于课文中出现的重点单词、短语和特殊句式,同学们要系统地积累和梳理。同学们不仅要形成一个强大的知识网络,而且要激活它,并在具体的语境中能够灵活应用,进一步增强知识的迁移应用能力。
(二)浏览错题本,关注易错知识点
在高中阶段,同学们都要有一本错题本,记录平时测验和考试中做错的习题。在高考前,同学们应重点浏览高三历次重要考试中经常出错的知识点,弄清楚为什么出错和知识的误区在哪里。这样就能弥补同学们的知识漏洞,强化对知识的记忆。例如:
Seeing his mother coming, the boy's face lit up. ×
→Seeing his mother coming, the boy smiled. √
→When he saw his mother coming, the boy's face lit up. √
I saw some parents seating at the back of the classroom. ×
→I saw some parents seated/sitting at the back of the classroom. √
(三)强化易混和易错词汇
针对那些形近词、易错词和特殊变形的单词,同学们应加强记忆。
1. 形近词
attract吸引—attach附上 bear熊;忍受—beer啤酒 blame责备—flame火焰 belt皮带—melt融化 better更好的—bitter味苦的 best最好的—pest害虫 blood血—flood洪水 bread面包—breed培育 battle战斗—bottle瓶子 calculate计算—circulate循环 cheek面颊—check检查 cancer癌症—cancel取消 compete比赛—complete完成—competent有能力的 corner角落—concert音乐会 feel感觉—fall落下 effect效果—effort努力—affect影响
2. 动词变名词的特殊变化
describe v. 描写→description n. 描述 destroy v. 破坏→destruction n. 破坏 explain v. 解释→explanation n. 解释 pronounce v. 发音→pronunciation n. 发音 tend v. 倾向→tendency n. 趋势 intend v. 想要→intention n. 意图 fail v. 失败→failure n. 失败 extend v. 延长→extension n. 延伸 employ v. 雇用→employee n. 员工→employer n. 雇主→employment n. 雇用 interview v. 采访→interviewee n. 被采访者→interviewer n. 采访者
3. 几个特殊的名词后缀
library→librarian history→historian politics→politician physics→physician music→musician comedy→comedian magic→magician
4. 动词变形需要双写最后一个字母的单词
begin→beginning chat→chatting control→controlling cut→cutting chop→chopping dig→digging forget→forgetting get→getting hit→hitting plan→planning put→putting run→running skip→skipping slip→slipping shop→shopping swim→swimming prefer→preferring refer→referring
注意:picnic→picnicked→picnicking
5. 形容詞变名词的特殊变化
brave勇敢的→bravery勇敢 honest诚实的→honesty诚实 free自由的—freedom自由 bored厌倦的→boredom厌倦 generous慷慨的→generosity慷慨 curious好奇的→curiosity好奇心 wide 宽的→width宽度 long 长的→length长度 high高的→height高度 weighty重的→weight 重量 young年轻的→youth年轻 strong强壮的→strength体力850FC016-C35E-4E3A-A5BB-6BB635303D06
6. 形容词变副词的特殊形式
(1)有些以?e结尾的形容词,把e变y,变为副词
comfortable舒服的→comfortably舒服地 considerable相当多的→considerably相当多地 gentle温和的→gently温和地 incredible不可思议的;难以置信的→incredibly难以置信地;极其 possible可能的→possibly可能地 probable 很可能的→probably很可能地 simple 简单的→simply简单地;只不过
(2)以?ic结尾的形容词,加?ally变为副词
basic基本的→basically大体上;基本上 economic经济的→economically在经济上 magic有魔力的→magically魔法般地 scientific科学的→scientifically在科学上 automatic自动的→automatically自动地;无意识地 energetic精力充沛的→energetically精力充沛地
注意:public公开的→publicly公开地
【拓展】有些以?ly结尾的词是形容词,而非副词
deadly 致命的 lively活泼的 lovely可爱的 lonely孤独的 friendly友好的 orderly整齐的 silly 傻的 ugly丑的
(四)常见的熟词生义
The news conference will be aired live at 7 pm. 播出
The film festival is acknowledged as an event of international importance. 被公认为
The government is taking measures to address white pollution. 设法解决
Susan has an amazing appetite for knowledge. 强烈欲望
Let's brave the snow and go for a walk. 冒(风险)
After the divorce, she buried herself in her work. 专心于
You need to back your argument with more facts. 支撑
二、关注主干知识,培养语用能力
近年来,高考淡化了对基础语法知识的考查,在语法填空题中只考查主干知识。那么,同学们考前应针对主干知识进行一些相应的练习,应关注那些常考、易错的知识点,确保能够正确应用。
(一)谓语动词
谓语动词是最重要的考点之一,很多题型如完形填空、语法填空等都涉及这个考點,而且同学们写作时要使用各种形式的谓语动词。因此复习谓语动词是至关重要的。
1. 常用的12种时态
高中阶段应掌握以下12种常用的时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、将来完成时、过去完成进行时。
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)Dad_________(have) a habit of taking exercise to keep fit in the morning.
(2)Wang Yaping___________(become) China's first female to walk in space on No-vember 7, 2021.
(3)We____________(graduate) from senior high school in June, 2023.
(4)These days everyone_______________(work) hard to pass the college entrance examination.
(5)My friend______________(wait) at the school gate when I arrived.
【解析】(1)介绍一个人的习惯,应用一般现在时;主语是第三人称单数,因此填has。(2)本句含有一个表示过去的时间状语,因此应用一般过去时,故填became。(3)本句含有一个表示将来的时间状语,谓语动词应用一般将来时,故填will graduate。(4)本句陈述的是目前的情况,应用现在进行时,故填is working。(5)根据从句中的谓语动词arrived可判断从句为一般过去时,因此主句用过去进行时,表示在过去某个时刻正在发生的事情,故填was waiting。
2. 主动语态和被动语态
同学们应正确使用主动语态和被动语态,这样在写作中才能做到游刃有余。
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
(1)My hometown_____________(experience) dramatic changes in recent years.
(2)A terrible accident______________(occur) at the crossing last night.
(3)Great changes_______________(take) place in my city in the last few years.
(4)A new subway line_______________(build) in my city next year.850FC016-C35E-4E3A-A5BB-6BB635303D06
(5)My friend Wang Wei___________________(belong) to the chess club.
【解析】(1)本句为主谓宾结构,应用主动语态;根据时间状语in recent years可知,应用现在完成时,故填has experienced。(2)因occur为不及物动词,本句结构为主谓状,根据时间状语last night可知,应用一般过去时,故填occurred。(3)短语take place相当于不及物动词,本句为主谓状结构,根据时间状语in the last few years可知,应用现在完成时,故填have taken。(4)本句的主语是动作的承受者,应用被动语态;根据时间状语next year可知,应用一般将来时,故填will be built。(5)短语belong to相当于及物动词,没有被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,故填belongs。
(二)非谓语动词
非谓语动词是让不少考生感到头疼的一个考点,也是高考重点考查的内容。非谓语动词考点包括动词不定式、V?ing和V?ed。
1. 动词不定式
除了不能作谓语之外,动词不定式可以作其他任何句子成分。动词不定式有一般式to do、进行式to be doing、被动式to be done、完成式to have done和完成被动式to have been done。例如:
Our parents expect us to succeed in the future. (表示将要发生的动作,用一般式)
Dad seems to be working on a new design. (表示正在进行的动作,用进行式)
So much work remains to be done. (表示一个被动的动作,用被动式)
Tu Youyou is said to have studied traditional Chinese medicine for many years. (不定式表示的动作早于谓语动词发生,用完成式)
A large gold mine was reported to have been discovered in Henan Province. (不定式表示的被动的动作早于谓语动词发生,用完成被动式)
2. V?ing
V?ing有不同形式:一般式doing、被动式being done、完成式having done、完成被动式having been done。
①如果V?ing的作用相当于一个名词,它通常被称为动名词,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如:
Getting on line has become an important part of our life in modern times. (作主語)
My hobby is watching English movies. (作表语)
Julia is fond of reading Chinese books in her spare time. (作宾语)
The boy slipped out of the room without being seen. (作宾语)
②如果V?ing表示一个正在发生的主动的动作,它通常被称为现在分词,在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。例如:
We saw the sun setting behind the mountains. (作宾语补足语)
They lived in a house facing south. (作定语)
The lecture we attended yesterday was really inspiring. (作表语)
Standing in line, the customers were waiting for the store to open. (作状语)
3. V?ed
V?ed即过去分词,在句中作状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语。例如:
Hearing his name called, Tim stood up surprised. (作状语)
Built in 1920, our school has a history of 102 years. (作状语)
Seeing her son was winning, the mother was excited. (作表语)
Please keep me updated on what is happening while I am away. (作宾语补足语)
The guests invited to the conference were mostly scientists. (作定语)
注意:少数过去分词只表示完成,不表示被动。例如:fallen leaves (落叶)、escaped prisoners (逃犯)、gone (没有了)、married (已婚的)、retired (退休的)。
(三)从属复合句
复合句也是高考的高频考点之一。从属复合句包括状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句。
1. 状语从句
状语从句包括9种:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句和结果状语从句。850FC016-C35E-4E3A-A5BB-6BB635303D06
高考对状语从句的考查主要涉及连词的选择、从句与主句时态一致。例如:
(1)_____________there is life, there is hope.
(2)You don't know what you can do______________you try.
(3)Nothing is impossible_______________ you set your mind to it.
(4)It doesn't matter how slowly you go_________________you do not stop.
【解析】(1)本句为地点状语从句,应填连词Where。(2)本句为时间状语从句,含有not...until...句式,意为“直到……才……”,因此填until。(3)本句含有一个条件状语从句,故填if。(4)根据语境可知,此处填as long as。
2. 定语从句
定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定語从句。高考对定语从句的考查主要涉及关系代词和关系副词的选择和从句时态与主句时态的一致。例如:
(1)Beijing is the first city in the world_______________hosts both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.
(2)The Olympic Winter Games was held in February, 2022, in Beijing, ______________
provided a great opportunity for the world to know about China.
(3)I live next door to a couple____________children often make a lot of noise.
(4)The Bird's Nest was the stadium____________the opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympic Games was held.
(5)February 4 was the day_________________the 2022 Winter Olympic Games started.
(6)Fan Zhendong was the player______________won the gold medal at Houston.
【解析】(1)先行词有the first修饰,故填关系代词 that。(2)此处为非限制性定语从句,而且从句缺少主语,应填关系代词which。(3)先行词为a couple,children与a couple之间有所属关系,因此填关系代词whose。(4)先行词为the stadium,在从句中作地点状语,应填关系副词where。(5)先行词为the day,在从句中作时间状语,应填when或on which。(6)先行词是the player,从句缺少主语,填who或that。
3. 名词性从句
名词性从句也是高考必考的重点语法项目之一。高考对名词性从句的考查包括连词的选择和从句与主句时态的一致。例如:
(1)The trouble is____________they are short of money.
(2)Where you stand will determine_____________you will see.
(3)You can have anything you want if you are willing to give up the belief___________you can't have it.
(4)____________has made Chinese New Year the most famous is dragon and lion dances in Chinatowns all over the world.
【解析】(1)本句为表语从句,从句的句意完整,不缺句子成分,故空白处应填that。(2)空白处在动词之后,空白处到句末为宾语从句;从句中的谓语动词will see缺少宾语,故应填what。(3)本空在名词belief之后,解释了belief的内容,可判断为同位语从句,故应填that。(4)本句含有一个主语从句_________has made Chinese New Year the most famous,从句缺少主语,故填What。
4. 特殊句式
特殊句式包括强调句、倒装句和一些常用的固定句型。
(1)It's not your aptitude but your attitude that determines your altitude. 强调句
(2)Not only does reading help to broaden our horizons and enrich our knowledge, but (also) it makes us feel more confident about ourselves. 倒装句
(3)Only by practicing as often as possible can we improve our spoken English. 倒装句
三、坚持练习,找准症结,攻克难关
1. 每天坚持阅读和朗读至少40分钟。从解题思路上看,在解析阅读理解的过程中,阅读只是一个辅助手段,主要精力应该放在理解上,可是同学们的注意力往往都放在阅读上了。从文章的体裁来看,同学们处理记叙文没有太大难度,而处理议论文则没有太大把握,其实议论文的解析也是有规律可循的。阅读议论文时,同学们需要区分论点、论据,把握作者的态度;阅读说明文时,同学们需要把握文章的核心概念(自然段的中心句中反复出现的词、整篇文章中出现频率最高的名词或名词短语就是文章的核心概念),即把握说明对象。
2. 完形填空是对英语综合能力的检测,同学们在参加考试时对自己在这方面的能力总是缺乏自信,这就说明同学们的解题思路和应试技巧都存在问题。完形填空所选文章都堪称精品,其逻辑必是上下贯通,其脉络也必是自然有序,令人信服。因此,做完一篇完形填空以后,同学们对文章的线索、脉络、主旨、寓意等也应该有一种很“明朗”的感觉。如果做完以后,还是似懂非懂,犹如“雾里看花”,那就证明你对文章的把握还有问题,还要复读全文,验证答案。
3. 要想提高书面表达的得分率,同学们要熟悉高考常见的写作体裁,如书信、通知、日记、发言稿、人物介绍、个人故事、场景介绍等。注意审题,确定要点,扩展要点,连句成篇,全面检查,书写规范。高考写作必须做到谋定而后动,确保第一个句子千万不要出现拼写错误和语法错误,尽量给阅卷者留下比较好的视觉印象。
四、充分利用错误清单,提高备考效率
毋庸讳言,同学们在备考复习阶段最欠缺的就是回顾与反思,这导致同学们一而再,再而三地犯同样的错误。针对这类问题,同学们平时必须养成列错误清单的习惯,把自己平时掌握不牢的知识点加以归纳和梳理,每次考试前回顾这些知识点,从而避免再犯同样的错误。
总之,只要同学们专心学习,用心琢磨,掌握解题技巧和写作方法,同学们就能在高考中考出理想的成绩,最终步入理想的高校。850FC016-C35E-4E3A-A5BB-6BB635303D06