亚运场馆：彰显城市文化底蕴

刘子恒

5月6日，亚奥理事会执委会在与有关各方协商后，研究决定：杭州2022年第19届亚运会延期举行。但在浙江各地走访，人们对亚运的期盼和热情依然丝毫未减。杭州亚组委表示，将继续做好各项筹办工作，相信杭州亚运会终将获得圆满成功。

日前，杭州亚组委公布，杭州亚运会、亚残运会56个竞赛场馆全部竣工。这些场馆风格多样，有酷炫的黑科技，有古雅的文艺范儿，还有绿色节能的小清新……无数设计者、建设者和运营者以独具匠心的构想，巧夺天工的设计，充满人文情怀的建筑，展现了杭州乃至全浙江深厚的文化底蕴、日新月异的发展变化、激越奔涌的生机活力。按照“杭州为主、全省共享”的理念，有42个竞赛场馆设在杭州，其余14个设在宁波、温州、湖州、绍兴、金华等地。

一提到杭州亚运会的场馆，常被杭州市民昵称为“大小莲花”的杭州奥体中心体育场和网球中心，可以算是诸多场馆中颇具代表性的，给大家留下深刻印象。“莲花”是最具杭州特色的元素之一，就连杭州亚运会的吉祥物之一，也采用了莲叶主题，取名为“莲莲”，代表世界遗产西湖，寓意大气开放、热情好客。“毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同。接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。”南宋诗人杨万里在七言绝句《晓出净慈寺送林子方》中生动描绘了杭州西湖夏季时荷花盛开的美景。对于每天都会经过钱江三桥的杭州人来说，“大小莲花”早已成为沿江的一道风景。远远望去，杭州奥体中心体育场的外形似莲花，造型动感飘逸，由28片大花瓣和27片小花瓣组成，其造型取意于杭州丝绸纹理与纺织体系，建筑体态源于錢塘江水的动态，犹如一朵美丽的莲花绽放于钱塘江畔。而杭州奥体中心网球中心的顶棚由8片钢结构花瓣组成，每片“大花瓣”重160吨。花瓣可旋转启闭，钢结构悬挑端开闭屋盖技术为世界首创。杭州奥体中心游泳馆则与杭州奥体中心体育馆被称为“化蝶”双馆，采用双馆合一的设计理念，为连体式建筑，采用独特的流线造型，形成“化蝶”的杭州文化主题。

建筑的魅力是看得见的城市之美。遒劲的金属骨架、充满几何感的造型，伫立在城市中的场馆虽无言，但总能彰显出这个城市的经济实力、文化内涵，以及人们对美和美好生活的追求。

富春江畔“再现”旷世名作    千岛湖畔镶嵌“明珠”

富阳，古称富春，因境内拥有一条“一川如画”的富春江而得名，是三国吴大帝孙权的故里、现代大文豪郁达夫的故乡，更是元代大画家黄公望《富春山居图》的原创地和实景地。在富春江畔，计划举办亚运射击、射箭和现代五项三大赛事的杭州富阳银湖体育中心，用另一种方式生动再现了元代画家黄公望的《富春山居图》。从日出到日落，在光影的作用下，场馆外立面上的画中景致若隐若现，远山近水，浓淡朦胧，意境空灵清旷。

场馆项目主创设计师、浙大设计院工程师章晨帆说，他们采用3.4万片百叶组合成像的方法，通过5到85度不等的角度反射太阳光线，使呈现出的画作更加灵动。章晨帆说 ：“日出日落，每一时段光线都是不一样的，哪怕光线不变，人的视线也会发生变化。因此，这幅画呈现出的明暗关系也是时刻变化的。我觉得这也体现了建筑物和自然之间一种和谐相处的关系。”

3.4万片百叶不是一个小数目，每个叶片的度数必须分毫不差，才能表现出山水的样态。上海宝冶集团场馆装饰项目经理王洪仁为此想出一个办法，每个百叶安装一个齿轮，每个轮齿相差5度，这样就能锁定角度;再根据图纸把每一个百叶标号，工人们按图施工。王洪仁说，光安装这些叶片就耗时6个多月。

此外，在这片绿水青山间，还有一座外有曲线流畅、临水而居的玻璃幕墙的建筑格外引人注目。待夜幕降临，建筑被准时点亮，流光溢彩、灵动飞舞的动感画卷，与波光粼粼的北支江交相辉映。这是位于杭州市富阳区北支江南岸的富阳水上运动中心，与黄公望隐居地隔江相望，是现代版《富春山居图》东洲画卷样板的核心地带，将承担杭州亚运会赛艇、皮划艇（静水、激流回旋）等赛事项目，预计产生30枚金牌。

来到富阳水上运动中心，仿佛又走进了一幅画中。眼前的这座建筑有着如山峦起伏般的流畅线条，深绿色的幕墙玻璃更是让场馆与周边的绿水青山融为一体。踏入场馆中庭，一片近千平方米的水系景观映入眼帘，有树有水，穿梭其中，别有一番江南山水韵味。富阳水上运动中心项目副经理叶昊阳介绍说，场馆将山脉的起伏、流水的蜿蜒寓于设计之中。

走出场馆，不经意间走上一片偌大的草坪，视野开阔，这才发现已经来到了场馆的屋顶上。“这是华东地区最大的空中花园，超2万平方米。”叶昊阳介绍到，这一花园设计让整个场馆的绿化率高达45%，在所有亚运场馆中名列前茅，“赛时运动员可以在这里热身，赛后将开放给市民，成为休闲娱乐场所”。

北支江江面上还伫立着一幢玻璃墙面的通透建筑，悬挑于江面。“这是富阳水上运动中心的终点塔，正式比赛时，所有技术人员和裁判将在这里开展工作，可以说是整个比赛的控制枢纽。”叶昊阳说，终点塔西边的草坪上设有3000个观众席位，配有无障碍、VR观赛体验装备等，“届时观众就可以近距离欣赏选手冲过终点的英姿”。

淳安自古山灵水美，千岛湖的水质在中国诸多大江大湖中居于首位，故又被誉为“天下第一秀水”。过去，淳安是千岛湖畔的美丽渔村，“日暮渔者还”;现在，则是“朝阳任鱼跃，千岛藏明珠”。这“明珠”就是藏在风景中的淳安界首体育中心场地自行车馆。

杭州亚运会期间，淳安主要承担自行车、铁人三项、公开水域游泳三大项赛事，包含场地自行车、小轮车、山地自行车、公路自行车、铁人三项和马拉松游泳等六小项赛事，将产生25块金牌，是除杭州主赛区外产生金牌数量最多的赛区。

围绕这些亚运赛事，淳安建有1个新建场馆、5个临建场馆和亚运分村。其中最引人瞩目的当属被誉为“千岛明珠”的自行车馆。从远处眺望，场馆整体造型像一颗镶嵌于自然山水之间的明珠，屋面、幕墙的鱼文化元素，就像跃出湖面的鱼儿激起的层层涟漪，显得动感欢快。“镶嵌”在场馆群中的，还有淳安亚运分村。这里是杭州市唯一的亚运分村，包含了运动员村、技术官员村和媒体村。4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

绍兴取“蚕茧”之型    金华显藤球趣味

与富阳和淳安的亚运场馆展现山水之美不同，将举办亚运会攀岩比赛的绍兴柯桥羊山攀岩中心，体现的则是一种刚柔并济的运动之美。从空中俯瞰，偌大的场馆就像一个白色的“蚕茧”。

蚕的精神也贯穿了绍兴支柱产业——轻纺业的发展历程。紹兴柯桥以一块布起家，又依托这块布创造出千亿级产业集群，这一切都离不开绍兴人的勤劳付出。“杭州是丝绸之都，绍兴柯桥是产业之城，选取蚕茧作为两者共同的文化元素来体现攀岩馆的特色，同时彰显浙江人踏实肯干、勇于创新的精神。”场馆总设计师、华汇工程设计集团副总建筑师黄会明谈起选用“蚕茧”造型初衷时如是说。

为了能让整个“蚕茧”晶莹剔透，同时不乏运动的力量与动感，设计方与施工方在选材上也做足了功课，最终采用了国际上先进的UHPC超高性能混凝土材料。浙江宝业建设羊山攀岩中心项目施工总负责郑孝谨说，受疫情影响，海外原材料采购需要半年时间，“我们提前做了攻略，通过沟通协调，三批材料总共有一千多吨，三个月左右的时间就成功购入了”。

绍兴，古称越州，有着2500多年的建城史，是中国著名的水乡、桥乡、酒乡、书法之乡、名士之乡，素有“文物之邦、鱼米之乡”之称。绍兴棒（垒）球体育文化中心不仅是国内规模最大、符合国际赛事标准的棒垒球场地，也是杭州亚运会12个新建场馆中规模最大的赛事场馆。绍兴棒（垒）球体育文化中心分为两个地块，一个地块包含棒球主场、棒球副场、集训中心和体能训练馆，另一个地块为垒球赛场，包括一座垒球主场和一座垒球副场。整个体育文化中心以黄、白为主色调，在设计上突出绍兴“水乡”和“书法之乡”的地方特色。夜晚，白色的罩棚在灯光的映射下犹如一条炫彩的丝带，将各个场馆串联起来，尽显灵动之美。

浙中金华自古以来素有“江南邹鲁”“文物之邦”之称，人杰地灵，在文学、诗词、戏曲、书画、科学等方面人才荟萃、名家辈出。在金华“城市绿肺”湖海塘畔，一座形似贝壳的大型建筑，吸引着各路运动爱好者前来“打卡”。通过无人机拍摄的画面可以看到，南边是有着动感线条的运动场馆，北边是碧波粼粼的湖面，一派动静相宜的绝美场景。作为杭州亚运会藤球项目比赛场馆，拥有近6000个观众座位的金华市体育中心体育馆，将承办藤球项目的全部比赛，并产生6枚亚运金牌。

藤球是一项古老的体育运动项目，蹴鞠被认为是其前身，现代藤球在东南亚一带盛行。由于藤球是非奥项目，开展藤球运动的地方不多，在浙江，台州的藤球培训开始得较早。依托台州，近年来金华也成立了市藤球队，积极引进队员，并将着眼于培养金华本土的藤球队员。藤球常常被叫作“脚踢的排球”，因为比赛中，选手不能用手，他们用脚、腿、肩和头触球，在比赛中经常用高难度甚至带杂耍意味的动作炫技。

此外，金华亚运分村分为宴会区和生活区两大板块，布局构思为前庭后园，将礼仪化的宴会空间与园林化的生活空间有机结合。宴会区的两个宴会厅均能容纳上百桌用餐，可用一张屏风分隔或组合，多结合金属、铝板等材质，参照中国传统官式建筑的礼序空间，打造“庄严感”;生活区则融入金华东阳竹编特色，坡屋顶、四水归堂、游廊、格栅、灰瓦白墙等，尽显婺派韵味。

拱墅献出“玉琮”“杭州伞”    萧山涌起“钱江潮”

廖雄，一位摄影爱好者，2017年3月，他决定用照片记录家门口的杭州亚运场馆建设全过程。“你看，这张是我拍摄的第一张照片。这就是‘玉琮的位置，那个白色的建筑就是‘杭州伞……”廖雄自豪地说道。整整五年时间，廖雄拍摄了十万多张照片。他口中的“玉琮”和“杭州伞”就是杭州拱墅运河体育公园体育馆和体育场。远远望去，就像良渚玉琮和江南油纸伞，柔和圆润、自然流畅。

杭州拱墅运河体育公园体育馆将举办亚运乒乓球和霹雳舞比赛。为了把五千年的良渚文化精髓呈现出来，场馆国内主设计师、浙江省建筑设计院全过程工程咨询院院长吴哲昊说，光“玉琮”外立面材料就找了近一年时间，最终选了黄铜色阳极氧化铝。吴哲昊解释道：“‘玉琮本身有斑驳感，看起来有历史的烙印。这个材料色彩很稳，而且有自我清洁的效果，雨一下，就干净了。通过周边的环境反射到黄铜上，有映射叠加的感觉，从而体现出斑驳感和历史文化沉淀的质感。”

拱墅运河体育公园体育场则将举办曲棍球比赛。如何把“油纸伞”的江南特点体现出来？吴哲昊团队巧妙地把“杭州伞”落到地下，营造一种由“伞”联想到“烟雨西湖”的感觉：“比赛场地是下沉式的，营造出轻轻地落下一把伞的意境。一根伞骨撑起了整个场馆的重量，没有柱子，也没有一根悬索，‘油纸伞的韵味就这样蕴藏其中。”

古运河边，“玉琮”和“杭州伞”两个场馆，把良渚古城遗址、京杭大运河、杭州西湖三个世界文化遗产串联起来。

位于钱塘江边的萧山，波涛汹涌的钱江潮是其文化底色，千百年来，潮水见证了萧山的悠久历史，萧山因水而立、因水而富，成就了“自古繁华”;水孕育了萧山的人文情怀，从浙东唐诗之路启航，一批批萧山士子奔走五湖四海、登上历史舞台;水刻画了萧山的城市品格，勤劳、务实、坚韧、隐忍一直是萧山人最为宝贵的性格基因。

浙江师范大学（萧山校区）体育馆是杭州亚运会12个新建场馆中唯一一个位于高校的竞赛场馆，将承担手球赛事。建筑设计团队成员之一、浙大设计院设计师杜信池说，设计时想要营造杭州钱塘江水及江南丝绸的视觉感受，为此团队提出“水幔”的理念，舍形而悦影，舍质而趋灵。“水幔”象征单纯、自然，平实中蕴含丰富与奥义，水幕相调，契合江南的烟雨蒙蒙，同时也是浙江地域文化的委婉表露，蕴含着杭州的城市气质，象征着杭州在互联网时代背景下互联互通、快速发展的形象。

文化贯穿于亚运场馆的设计风格与建造理念之中，同时，场馆设计与建造中也处处体现着人文关怀。杭州塘栖盲人门球基地，是亚残运会的盲人门球场馆。“我们考虑到视觉残障运动员的需求，设置了无障碍设施，通往每一个功能用房及比赛场地，都设置了盲道;每个门上安装了智能语音播报器，提醒运动员已进入某区域。”盲人门球基地主任张利明说。4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

越是細微之处，越显城市文化中包容、向善、开放、友好的特质。塘栖盲人门球基地为导盲犬设置专属的“小窝”;临平体育中心体育馆是个平“行”场馆，运动员出入口都采用了“平坡平阶”设计;为避免台风影响，温州体育中心体育场照明采用八杆可升降式灯杆设计，台风天也能正常运行。

古今中外，建筑都是人们研究历史和文化的重要途径。亚运场馆的文化内涵，为杭州亚运这一体育盛会增添了明快而丰富的底色。亚运场馆建筑不仅是竞赛场所，更是浙江优秀传统文化和时代文化在钢筋水泥上的浓缩。（感谢夏海云、袁奇翔、马欣宇、曹林波对本文的贡献。）

Venues of Hangzhou Asian Games： Embodiment of Culture

By  Liu Ziheng

Following consultations with the relevant sides， the OCA Executive Board （EB） decided on May 6 to postpone the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. The decision， however， has not dampened local peoples enthusiasm about the Games. The Hangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee （HAGOC） has announced that they will continue the preparatory work and deliver a successful Asian Games.

According to the HAGOC， among all the completed 56 venues for the Asian Games and the Asian Para Games， 42 are located in Hangzhou， the main sports hub， and 14 in the five co-host cities in Zhejiang province in eastern China， namely， Ningbo， Wenzhou， Huzhou， Shaoxing and Jinhua. Ingenious in design and extraordinary in construction， the venues all embody the cultural heritage of not only the cities but also the province， and reflect the rapid development and the great vitality of the area.

Fuyang was originally known as Fuchun because of its location on the Fuchun River. It is the birthplace of not only numerous notable figures， but also a legendary landscape painting — Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains， created by the highly acclaimed Chinese painter Huang Gongwang （1269-1354）. By the Fuchun River stands the Hangzhou Fuyang Yinhu Sports Center， which is the competition venue for shooting， archery and modern pentathlon. Thanks to a creative design， the movement of the sun from sunrise to sunset works magic on the building facade in such a way that the landscape painting comes to life on the wall.

Zhang Chenfan， its architect， explained how the design makes that possible. First， 34，000 angled slats are installed on the curtain wall to form pixels of the Fuchun Mountains. Second， sun reflection is utilized to add a bit of magical oomph to the picture. More specifically， the sunlight comes from different directions at different times of the day， which renders dynamic images on the wall. Besides， even at the same time of the day， a change in an observers line of sight produces a different chiaroscuro effect. The idea is to visualize a harmonious relationship between architecture and nature.

However， the key of the design is to mount each of the 34，000 slats successfully at a specified angle. Wang Hongren， a project manager with Shanghai Baoye Group Corp.， Ltd. has figured out a solution. All slats are installed with gears that are 5 degrees apart so as to lock the angles for sun reflection. Then each slat is specifically marked in the venue plan. To turn the thoughtful design into reality， the construction workers devoted as many as six months to the work.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

Another eye-catching venue surrounded by mountains and water is the Fuyang Water Sports Center， a glass-walled building facing the Fuchun Mountains across the tributary of the Fuchun River on its north bank. When lit up at night， the glittering building resonates with the gleaming river. a total of 30 gold medals in events such as canoe/kayak （canoe slalom & canoe sprint） and rowing will be awarded at the Water Sports Center.

With curved roof lines， the dark green glass-walled building blends well with the surrounding mountains. Inside the atrium of the Water Sports Center， one will be greeted by a thousand-square-meter landscape with many water features. According to Ye Haoyang， the deputy project manager， the elements of curving mountains and winding rivers have been thoughtfully infused into the design.

Additionally， the building features a 20，000-square-meter roof garden， the biggest of its kind in East China， which makes its greening rate as high as 45 percent， among the best of all venues of the Asian Games. The garden is suitable for warm-up exercises during the Games and makes a perfect recreational attraction for the locals after the event.

The Finish Tower at the Water Sports Center， the working area for referees and technicians， stands by the tributary of the Fuchun River on its north bank as well. To the west of the tower are 3，000 spectator seats accessible to the disabled and equipped with VR devices that enable spectators to capture the wonderful moment when competitors cross the finish line.

The Chunan Jieshou Sports Center Velodrome is located in Chunan county in the southwest of Hangzhou. With lucid waters and lust mountains， the county enjoys a good reputation for its outstanding water quality， especially in the Thousand Island Lake. In all， 25 gold medals in six events — four of them in cycling （track， mountain bike， road and BMX）， plus triathlon and marathon swimming will be up for grabs here.

To stage the six events， a new venue cluster has been built， the focal point of which is the velodrome that， if viewed from afar， is like a gem hidden in green mountains. Elements of fish culture displayed on the roof and glass walls remind us of ripples from fish jumping out of water， lending a lively touch to the building. Another “gem” in the cluster is Chunan Asian Games Sub-village， the only one of its kind in Hangzhou. The Sub-village comprises an Athletes Village， a Media Village， and a Technical Officials Village that will accommodate 775 athletes， 270 technical officials and about 300 reporters during the Games.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

Different from those in Fuyang and Chunan whose designs are inspired by the beauty of waters and mountains， the Shaoxing Keqiao Yangshan Sport Climbing Center in Shaoxing city， the venue for the sport climbing competition， demonstrates a beauty of sports that blends strength and gentleness. Viewed from above， the center resembles a huge white silkworm cocoon.

According to Huang Huiming， chief architect of the center， the silkworm-inspired design has a lot to do with Shaoxings pillar industry — textile manufacturing. Keqiao， a district of Shaoxing， a 2500-year-old city on the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay， has developed the industry into a 100-billion-yuan （$15 billion） industrial cluster through generations of hard work. In this sense， the cocoon image serves not only as a common cultural symbol of both Hangzhou and Shaoxing， the former as the “capital of silk” and the latter as the “city of textile”， but also as a mirror of the locals hardworking mindset and innovative spirit.

To make the “cocoon” appear sparkling without losing its dynamic durability， the design team and the construction team decided to use the ultra-high performance concrete （UHPC） after a great deal of research. According to Zheng Xiaojin， who is in charge of the construction of the Sport Climbing Center， it would have taken six months to get the UHPC to China because of COVID-19. But they successfully acquired over 1，000 tons of UHPC in three batches within three months as a result of full preparation and effective coordination.

Another venue in the city of Shaoxing， the Shaoxing Baseball & Softball Sports Center， is not only the largest baseball and softball venue that meets the international standards in China， but also the largest among the 12 newly built venues for the 19th Asian Games. The Sports Center is a four-field complex to serve the two sports. With yellow and white as its dominant colors， the venue showcases Shaoxing as a water town and the hometown of calligraphy. At night， the white canopy under the lights looks like a colorful ribbon nimbly connecting all sections of the venue.

The city of Jinhua， in the center of Zhejiang province， is the birthplace of a lot of talented people. Close to the Huhaitang Lake， dubbed the green lung of the city， stands Jinhua Sports Center Gymnasium. The shell-shaped gymnasium holds massive appeal for local sports fans. With dynamic wave lines of the building and the glittering water of the lake， it presents a perfect blend of vitality and tranquility. The 5，800-seat gym is the venue for Sepak Takraw where six gold medals will be up for grabs.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

A centuries-old sport， Sepak Takraw is believed to have evolved from an ancient Chinese military exercise， Cuju. Modern Sepak Takraw is immensely popular in Southeast Asia. Also known as the “kick volleyball”， it is commonly played by using feet， knees， shoulders and head to touch the ball. Comparatively speaking， the sport has seen， in recent years， more players in Taizhou， a city located at the middle of the East China Sea coast of Zhejiang province. As Taizhous neighboring city， Jinhua has made efforts to promote the sport by setting up a Sepak Takraw team， recruiting good players and cultivating local talents. The Asian Games Sub-village in Jinhua features two grand banquet halls that can accommodate over 100 tables each and a landscape garden that showcases local architecture.

Liao Xiong is a keen amateur photographer who， in March 2017， made a big decision to create a photo documentation of the venue construction in Hangzhou. In the following five years， he has taken more than 100，000 photos. His very first picture captured the initial appearance of the gymnasium and the field hockey stadium of the Gongshu Canal Sports Park. The gymnasium will host table tennis and break dancing during the Asian Games and the stadium， the hockey tournament.

According to Wu Zhehao， chief architect of the venue， the design of the gymnasium is intended to showcase the Liangzhu culture， a 5，000-year-old culture in Chinas Yangtze River Delta region that worshipped jade. Viewed from afar， the venue looks like a jade cong， a representative cultural relic unearthed from the Archaeological Ruins of the Ancient Liangzhu City. The unique visual attribute comes from the use of brass anodized aluminum， a carefully selected facade material conducive to bringing out the intended effect of the design.

As for the stadium that is dubbed “Hangzhou Umbrella”， it resembles an oil-paper umbrella which is often related with the West Lake shrouded in misty rain. With neither pillars nor suspension cables， “the canopy of the umbrella” is held up by a single huge “rib”， thus reinforcing the idea of the ancient Chinese umbrella. Standing by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal， the gymnasium and stadium of the Gongshu Canal Sports Park represent the three World Heritage sites in Hangzhou， namely， the Archaeological Ruins of the Ancient Liangzhu City， the Grand Canal and the West Lake.

An urban district of Hangzhou， Xiaoshan is located along the Qiantang River， famous for producing some of the worlds most spectacular tidal bores. The district features the only newly built venue on a university campus — the Zhejiang Normal University Xiaoshan Gymnasium that will host handball events. According to architect Du Xinchi， the design team employed the idea of water curtain to visually associate the venue with the Qiantang River and Hangzhous silk， and symbolically， with the spirit of purity and fertility of the land.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6

The designs of Asian Games venues reflect not only varied cultural features but also the human-centered philosophy. The China Goalball Training Base， situated in Linping district， Hangzhou city， will stage the goalball events during the Asian Para Games. According to Zhang Liming， director of the training base， the venue is equipped with barrier-free facilities so as to fully accommodate the needs of visually impaired athletes. For example， tactile paving surface is used to guide athletes to every corner of the training base and smart voice prompt announcers are installed on doors to remind athletes when they enter a certain area.

Besides， the venues are rich in details that display inclusiveness and friendliness. For instance， the Goalball Training Base provides an exclusive cozy space to guide dogs; the Linping Sports Center Gymnasium features flat slopes and flat steps at entrances and exits for athletes; the Wenzhou Sports Center Stadium is equipped with eight adjustable lighting poles to allow it to function normally even on a stormy day.

Architecture provides an important means to study history and culture. With distinctive cultural features， the 19th Asian Games venues in Zhejiang province make the continental multi-sport event more enriching because they not only stage competitions but also epitomize the past traditions and the contemporary developments of the vast land.4868D69B-09A7-4409-ABE9-46B922DF95E6