处理矛盾，化解情节冲突

彭文国

【问题导读】

2020年教育部考试中心发布了《中国高考评价体系》和《中国高考评价体系说明》两个文件。文件明确了坚持高考立德树人、引导教学的功能和方向。文件明确提出了高考“一核”“四层”“四翼”的评价体系。高考是立德树人的“旗帜”、服务选才的“尺子”、引导教学的“方向”。在“怎么考”层面，文件明确提出了“基礎性、综合性、应用性、创新性”四个层面，对考生进行综合的考查。同时，文件要求将学科知识设计到情境中来考查考生的学科知识能力。其中，应用性和创新性是选拔人才的主要标准之一。在英语学科的考查中，应用性和创新性主要体现在读后续写中。读后续写要求考生能够利用所学的知识，解决原文中预设的矛盾和冲突。从近年的高考命题中，我们可以很清楚地看到这个趋势。那么，我们如何在读后续写中运用所学来处理矛盾、化解情节冲突呢？

【名师导学】

读后续写的原文主要陈述了故事的背景和发展，然后会提出问题，展示矛盾，而续写的主要目的是处理矛盾、化解冲突。那么，我们应该怎么进行思考呢？

1.准确理解原文故事的主旨。故事的发展一定有一条主线，作者设计故事的时候也一定有其目的。所续写的故事一定要和原文故事相符，一定要符合作者写此文的目的。因此，准确理解原文是写出合理的续写的关键。

2.利用“故事山”思维导图的方式理清故事发展细节。一个故事一般都会经历“开始、发展、转折、高潮、解决问题、结果”这样一个过程。如果我们心中有这样的思维导图，我们就会对原文的故事发展有准确、清晰的了解，对续写有准确的思考。

3.充分利用关键切入点来解决矛盾。故事的设计到了高潮阶段总有一个解决问题的着力点。我们在续写或解决问题时，一定要抓住并充分利用这个着力点。只有这样，我们才能很好地解决矛盾、化解情节冲突。在下面的“案例导引”中，解决问题的着力点就是父亲的出现。因此，在续写第一段中解决问题的时候，一定要以此为转折点。

【案例导引】

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE

The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they wereplanning for Mother's Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they broughther breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They hadwatched their mother in the kitchen.There was nothing to it.Jenna and Jeff knew exactlywhat to do.

The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairsquietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into apot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs intoa plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the eggmixture. Next，Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Every-thing was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and thebread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put inthe other slice of bread. This time，she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.

Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. Thenext minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully，Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now.Jenna toldJeff to clean it up so they could continue tocook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's handtouched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in coldwater. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear！ The piece of bread in the panhad turned black as well.（选文来自2021年新高考I卷）

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their father appeared.

The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.

1.故事发展脉络

Build-up：The twins put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast.

Beginning： The twins want- ed to give their mother a special Mother's Day present.

Resolution： As the twins looked around them in disappointment，their fa- ther appeared.

Ending：The twins ca- rried the breakfast up- stairs and woke their mother up.

2.解决矛盾：续写任务1

原文很好地展示了故事发展的背景、发展的过程以及矛盾和问题的具体情况。那么，接下来要做的就是解决矛盾。根据续写第一段的段首句“As the twins lookedaround them in disappointment，their father appeared.”可知，解决这个问题需要父亲的帮助。因此，本段应该描述的是孩子们如何在父亲的帮助下完成了他们的目标。

3.结果：续写任务2

根据续写第二段的段首句“The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.”可知，孩子们顺利地完成了他们的目标，并将他们的劳动成果带到了妈妈那里。妈妈的反应是什么样的？孩子们的感受怎么样？这就是续写的第二个任务。因此，续写第二段应该描述孩子们辛苦准备的礼物的结果，也就是解决矛盾后的令人满意的结果。

4.范文赏析

As the twins looked around them in disappointment， their father appeared.Seeing their father， the twins breathed a sigh of relief finally. Under the guidance of their father， they started all the work again quickly. This time all the things moved so smoothly. Father directed them how to control the fire， which was the key to success. The twinsworked together in perfect order， delighted and excited. Minutes later， a delicious break- fast was ready. How happy they were！

The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her， she was so happy. It was not only the gift，but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. At the moment， what filled her heart was just happiness and love. The children said loudly， “Happy Mother's Day！” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again with tears in her eyes.

范文充分利用了“父親出现”这个着力点。在续写的第一段，范文使用了the twinsbreathed a sigh of relief finally、Under the guidance of their father、Father directed them how to control the fire，which was the key to success等句子，使矛盾的解决有了有力的支点，从而顺利地解决了矛盾，化解了情节冲突。

同时，在文字层面，范文使用了breathed a sigh of relief、under the guidance of、in perfect order、delighted and excited、what filled her heart was、It was not only...but the love of the children for her that moved her very much等高级词汇和句子，这些表达使文章不仅问题解决得合理，文字也很优美。

【模拟导练】

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline， some people in the town had lost their jobs.Manyof their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems， and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before. There was a man sick in bed， his wife， who took care of him and could not go out to work， and their little boy. The little boy-his name was Bernard-had interested her very much.

“I wish you could see him，" she said to her own children， John，Harry and Clara. “He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money， but I don't see what he can do.”

After their mother left the room， the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money，” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”

“So do I，”said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”

For some moments，John said nothing， but suddenly， he sprang to his feet and cried， “I have a great idea！ I have a solution that we can all help accomplish （完成）.”

The other children also jumped up，When John had an idea， it was sure to be a good one. “I'll tell you what we can do，” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？ Well，we can make popcorn（爆米花），and put it into paper bags. And Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”

注意：續写词数应为150左右。

When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea， she thought it was a good one，too.

With everything ready， Bernard started out on his new business.

【评价导思】

1.请你设计一个本文故事的“故事山”思维导图。

2.本文设计的矛盾是什么？

3.本文续写的着力点是什么？