主语从句的考点归纳
2022-05-30阚芳
阚芳
名词性从句是指从句在句子中起名词作用,其功能相当于名词或者名词词组,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等。名词性从句包括四种,分别为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句。本篇主要介绍一下主语从句。主语从句常由三类引导词引导,分别是从属连词that,whether,连接代词what, who, whoever, whom, which, whichever,连接副词when,where,why, how等。
一、从属连词(that,whether)引导的主语从句
l.That he failed the exam really surprised me.
他考试不及格真让我吃惊。(That在句子中并无实际意义,只是充当连词,后面跟的是一个完整的句子作为主语,谓语是surprise,宾语是me)
2.Whether she could be elected mayor is still un-known.
她是否能当选市长还不得而知。(whether意思是“是否”,后面接一个完整的从句一起充當整个句子的主语成份,这句话的谓语是be动词IS,后面是表语unknown)
二、连接代词what,who,whoever.whom,which,whichever引导的主语从句
代词可以在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,如:
l.What he tells you is not completely right.
他告诉你的并不完全正确。(what he tells you充当整个句子的主语,谓语动词是be动词1S,后面是表语。在what he tells you这个主语成分中,tells you后面缺少成分,因此用what引导)
2.Who will be elected president is the hottest newsnow.
谁将当选总统是现在最热门的新闻。
三、连接副词(when,where,why,how)引导的主语从句
1. When my mother will visit my grandparents de-pends on the weather.
我妈妈什么时候去看望我的祖父母取决于天气。
2. Where will you go next you need to tell yourparents in advance.
你接下来要去哪里,你需要提前告诉你的父母。
四、It放于句首充当形式主语
有时候为了避免出现句子头重脚轻的问题,会将it作为形式主语代替主语从句放于句首,而将真正的主语置于后面。如以下几种常见的形式:
l.lt+be动词+形容词+that从句
It was wonderful that you overcome the difficultyfinally.
你终于克服了那个困难,真是太好了。
2.lt+be动词+名词+that从句=lt+be动词+形容词+that从句
It was a wonderful thing that you overcome the dif-ficulty finally.
你终于克服了那个困难,真是太棒了。
3.lt+be动词+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that there will be a thunderstorm to-morrow.
据报道明天将有雷雨。
4.lt+不及物动词(如seem,appear,happen,turnout,come out)+that从句
It seems that he really doesn't want to accept hismistake.
他看起来真的不想承认自己的错误。
It turns out that my supposition is right.
结果证明我的假设是对的。
5.lt引导强调句型:it is/was+被强调部分++that/who从句+其他,其中that既可以指人,也可以指物
It is my elder sister that/who gives me lots of help.
是我的姐姐给了我很多帮助。(被强调部分是my elder sister)
以上是主语从句的常见形式和用法小结,勤记多练定能熟练掌握。
(作者单位:江苏省南通市海门四甲中学)