同义句的几种转换方法

张琪

同义句转换，顾名思义，就是将所给的句子换个说法，使其意思保持不变。它是句型转换的一种表现形式，也是中考英语考查的热点之一。那么如何进行同义句转换呢？对此，笔者归纳了几种转换方法，以期同学们能够从中有所收获。

方法一：利用同（近）义词进行转换

在进行同义句转换时，同学们可以把句子中的某个词用词性相同的同义词、近义词进行替换，以使其结构保持不变。这就要求同学们在日常学习中要注意加强同义词的积累。常见的英语同义词有：reach（到达）=get to=arrive in/at， happen（发生）=take place， join（参加）=take part in， like（喜欢）=love=enjoy=be fond of， finally（最后）=at last=in the end， look after（照顾）=take care of，movie（电影）=film，advice（建议）=suggestion，have fun（玩得开心）= have a good/great time=enjoy oneself， fast（快，迅速）=quick， beautiful（漂亮的）=pretty=goodlooking，begoodat（擅长）=dowellin等。例如：

1.每年我们都可以去那儿待一段时间享受享受。

We can stay there for a long time and have fun every year.

=We can stay there for a long time and have a good time every year.

=We can stay there for a long time and enjoy ourselves every year.

2.别担心，明天我妈妈会来照看孩子。

Don’t worry，my mother will look after the kids tomorrow.

= Don’t worry，my mother will take care of the kids tomorrow.

3.他们三天前就到达了北京。

They reached Beijing three days ago.

=They got to Beijing three days ago.

= They arrived to Beijing three days ago

方法二：利用反义词的否定式进行转换

在英语中，许多词汇的否定式往往与其对应的反义词或词组同义。所以，同学们在进行同义句转换时，不妨考虑反义词的否定式。如：fall behind（落后，跟不上）=not catch up with；be different from（不同于）= be not the same as；weak（瘦弱）=not strong；be weak in（不擅长）= be not good at；lose interest in （对……失去兴趣）= be not interested in等。例如：

1.很多女孩子不擅长体育运动。

Many girls are weak in sports.

= Many girls are not good at sports.

2.驾船和开车不同。

Driving a boat is different from driving a car.

=Driving a boat is not the same as driving a car.

3.小女孩落在了她哥哥后面。

The little girl fell behind her brothers.

=The little girl couldn’t catch up with her brothers.

当然，有些词不用反义词的否定式，直接利用反义词也可以进行同义句转换，此时特别要留意上下句子之间主语的互换。例如：

1. Tom stands behind Jack.

汤姆站在杰克后面。

=Jack stands in front of Tom.

杰克站在汤姆前面。

2. I borrowed a book from her.

我向她借了一本书。

=She lent a book to me.

她借给我一本书。

3. English is more popular than French.

英语比法语更流行。

= French is less popular than English.

法语不及英语流行。

方法三：利用词性变化进行转换

在进行同义句转换时，除了使用同义词、近义词以及反义词外，同学们还可以利用词性的变化进行句式转换。例如：

1.谢谢你帮了我很多忙。

Thank you for helping me a lot.

= Thank you for giving me a lot of help.

2.他们上个星期天参观了博物馆。

They visited the museum last Sunday.

=They were on a visit to the museum last Sunday.

3.昨晚雨下得很大。

The rain was heavy last night.

=It rained heavily last night.

4.酒后駕车很危险。

Drunk driving is very dangerous.

= Drunk driving is in a great danger.

5.这对双胞胎长得很像，但性格不同。

The twins look alike， but their characters are different.

= The twins look alike， but they have differences in the characters.

总之，同义句转换方法灵活，同学们既要注意方法和技巧的掌握，又要注意基础知识的夯实，加强词汇的积累。只有多管齐下，融会贯通，才能提升英语运用能力。