七选五阅读备考策略

胡金莹

一、命题解读

七选五阅读题型要求考生在一篇留有5个空白、约300词的短文中，根据文章结构、内容，从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，并填入相应的空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。这种题型突出考查考生对文章结构、内容以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和掌握能力，属于对语言使用范畴及语言组织规律的考查，即对文章篇章结构的考查。试题的选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三个方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句过于宽泛、以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节，等等。

近三年全国卷高考七选五阅读命题分析如下：

值得注意的是，2019～2021年高考英语全国卷七选五阅读题在语篇类型、主题语境、语篇长度等方面延续了以往的命题特征，但是其文本结构、考查方式和整体难度在悄然发生变化，有一定的创新度，体现了高考试题命题“稳中有变”的特点。总体而言，2019～2021年高考英语全国卷七选五阅读题有以下一些规律：

1. 文本类型依然以说明文为主，偶尔穿插记叙文。

2. 命题以主题语境“人与自我”“人与社会”为主要考查方向，所涉及的内容源于生活，又略高于生活。如2020年全国甲卷的七选五阅读，考查了表情符号这个话题，考生普遍反映试题有难度，无法理解文章含义。

3. 尽管语篇段落、文本结构和文章长度相对稳定，但是文本复杂程度在逐年递增，语篇的显性结构和内容也在减少。文本的逻辑结构从初期较为简单的“总—分”式或“总—分—总”式渐漸转变为隐性的、逻辑关系不太明显的递进式关系。

4. 把对句间关系（如转折、递进、解释说明）的考查与对语篇结构的考查相结合，要求考生增强语篇理解的能力。

5. 试题整体考查要求不变，但是错误选项对正确选项的干扰性增强，使得试题难度变大。

二、解题策略

（一）根据设空位置判断

考点1：设空在段首

1. 段落主题句

若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。假如空白处出现在段首，正确选项要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句。

考生可以认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外，考生应着重阅读设空后的第一、二句，锁定线索及信号词，然后在选项中查找相关词汇。通常正确答案与设空处后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种衔接手段。

【典例链接】（2020·全国乙卷）   37    Do not follow the people who make you feel not good enough. Why do you follow them？ Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs？ Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.

E. Set an intention for self acceptance.

F. Stop comparing yourself with others.

G. When does the comparison game start？

【点石成金】F 考查段落主题句。第37题设空在段首，类似这样的选项往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨大意。这种设题往往需要从下面的整段中搜索核心词汇，找出做题的线索。根据下文的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not good enough. Why do you follow them？”可知，本段主要讲述了不要把自己和别人做比较。根据下文的核心词汇follow和the only you可知，F选项“停止把自己和别人进行比较”能够概括本段大意。

2. 过渡句

当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处有可能是承上启下的过渡句，这就要求考生瞻前顾后找线索。考生既要熟悉上一段的内容，尤其是上一段结尾的内容，又要结合本段内容，使所选答案能够使两段内容无缝衔接。

【典例链接】（2020·全国丙卷）...Even if there isn't a registry， a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with， like a piece of art or a plant.

38    This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will， however， probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes， because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home， people may be asked to help unpack boxes.gzslib202204011200

A. This isn't usual though.

B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.

C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts， keep them in a safe place.

【點石成金】C 本题考查段落之间的过渡与衔接。前面段落所讲的内容为带礼物，礼物可以是艺术品或绿植。本空承接上文，也应与礼物相关，再根据设空处后面的句子“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.”可知，所带的礼物应与食物相关，故选C。

考点2：设空在段中

如果设空处在段中，这通常是从语境和逻辑关系两方面来考查句际关系。考生要注意所选选项要在语境方面能够与原文无缝衔接。要学会分析一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。段落之间的发展靠句与句之间意义的结合，以及句与句之间的关联词、逻辑性插入语来连接。做题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的语篇标志词——关联词。

【典例链接】（2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷）My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.

36    So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.

D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.

E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.

F. Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.

G. The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.

【点石成金】F 考查因果关系。前一句提到，“我”和丈夫在巴黎待了一周，下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth floor apartment the size of a cupboard.（所以“我们”做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大）”是设空处的结果，因此设空处需要填原因，故选F选项“我们的目的是看看我们是否可以在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活”。

考点3：设空在段尾

1. 细节句

位置在段尾的细节句，常常是对前文内容的补充说明，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。

【典例链接】（2019·全国丙卷）Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses， financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension， simply explain the situation to the professor.    39

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed， they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

【点石成金】C 考查段尾细节句。根据设空处前面的内容可知，不要过度分享个人信息，当学生们需要延期上交作业时，只须向教授简单地解释一下情况。C项中的more information与上文中的information为原词复现，符合语境。

2. 过渡句

当设空在非尾段段末时，该空白处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，考生首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。

【典例链接】（2017·全国乙卷）If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping， I would have laughed heartily. Campers， in my eyes， were people who enjoyed insect bites， ill cooked meals， and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.    36gzslib202204011200

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. The trip they took me on was a rough one. We slept in a tent， cooked over an open fire， and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work， recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then， however.

E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F. After the trip， my family became quite interested in camping.

【點石成金】D 本题考查段落过渡句。根据设空处上文“如果三年前有人告诉我，以后我的大部分周末时间都会在露营，我会放声大笑。在我看来，露营者是喜欢被昆虫咬、吃不好吃的饭菜和睡令人不舒服的睡袋的人。这些和我毫不相干”和下一段的“介绍我去露营的朋友们认为这是一次具有开创性的露营。这次露营比较艰难。我们睡帐篷，在篝火上做饭，走很远的路去洗澡和上厕所。这次对大自然的短暂造访让我请了两天假，要在皮肤严重灼伤后进行恢复，并且还要向医生支付治疗我儿子食物中毒的账单”可知，两段之间有转折关系，所以要填一个承上启下的过渡句，D项“然而，从那时起我却学到了很多关于露营的知识”符合语境，故选D。

3. 总结句

通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，选项会用一些信号词，如转折词，故正确答案中应有这样的特征词，如therefore、as a result、thus、hence、in short、to sum up、to conclude、in a word等，选项中也可能会出现前文的同义词、句。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时考生可考虑设空处与下一段开头是否有关联。

【典例链接】（2020·全国乙卷）Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today.    39

A. Feeling upset again？

B. Where do you start？

C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.

D. Remember， you are only human.

【点石成金】C 本题设空在段尾，故首先看前文。根据上文的“List all of your accom plishments and achievements. You have a job， earned your degree， and you got out of bed today.”可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项“没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的”，是对上文的概括总结，符合语境。

（二）根据词汇线索判断

1. 词汇复现

词汇复现是为了保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一概念进行重复描述。词汇复现不是指词的简单重现，主要是指原词复现、派生词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。考生可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时根据选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词迅速确定答案。

（1）派生词复现

派生词，望文生义，就是由词根加词缀构成的词。派生词复现就是同一词根的词在文章中反复出现。

【典例链接】（2019·全国乙卷）    40    While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin， they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D— but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working， and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.gzslib202204011200

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said？

F. Just as importantly， we tend to associate fresh air with health care.

【点石成金】D 本题从两个角度分析：下文中的beneficial与D项中的benefit属于同根词，属于派生词复现;本段介绍了阳光的好处。D项中的sunlight与空白处后的sun's rays相呼应，符合逻辑通顺原则，故选D。

（2）同义词或近义词复现

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达，甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义或近义词。

【典例链接】（2017·全国丙卷）Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up， consider re arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family， save some time the night before by setting out clothes， shoes， and bags.    38    That's a quarter hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

E. If the steps you take are working， keep it up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake up time， no matter the day.

G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

【点石成金】G 本题可用两种方法解答：空白处后一句中的a quarter hour和G项中的15 minutes属于同一范畴的同义信息，是信息提示词;本题选项符合逻辑通顺原则，根据空后的“如果你买了一台带有计时器的咖啡机，你就可以多睡一刻钟”可知，G项“重新考虑你是否要在咖啡馆排队15分钟买咖啡”与下文为递进关系，符合语境，逻辑通顺，故选G。

（3）反义词复现

反义词复现，顾名思义，就是上下文中有互为相反意义的单词、短语或者句子。

【典例链接】（2020·全國甲卷）There is also the matter of tone （语气）. Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day？    39   . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier， and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.

A. Messages with emojis feel more conversational

B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly

C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange

【点石成金】B 本题可以从两个方面进行解题：根据空白处前一句“谁没有因收到令人烦恼的邮件而感觉一天都被毁掉了？”，及空白处后的“表情符号可以让交流感觉更友好”可知，此处需要一个句子来承上启下，故要从逻辑上进行考虑，B项“即使是一封正式的电子邮件也会让人觉得冷冰冰、不友好”承上启下，符合语境;根据空白处后的friendlier和B项中的unfriendly的语义相反可知，空白处后是表情符号的优点，空白处是没有表情符号的电子邮件的缺点，故选B。

2. 代词

英语文章中代词出现的频率极高，代词一般用来替代前面提到的名词、短语或句子，指代人物、事件、物品等，从而使得表达的信息更加简洁。考生可以巧妙地利用这样的指代关系或根据代词的单复数就可以准确而快速地解题。代词的指代要注意两种情况：一是选项中的代词，二是设空处后面句子中的代词。

【典例链接】（2020·全国丙卷）Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.    40

Now most homes have central heating and don't use fires to keep warm.

A. This isn't usual though.

B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.

C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.

D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts， keep them in a safe place.

E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.

F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.

G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.

【点石成金】G 考查代词。上句介绍了温居聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood

to a new home as a gift可知，人们会带柴火作为礼物，本空应承接上文，说明带柴火的目的和作用：取暖。G项“这样人们就可以在冬天的时候让家里保持温暖”符合语境。G项中的this指代上一句中提到的bring firewood。

三、备考建议