Appendix 1

The distributional list of native and extant lizards in China

Order Squamata Oppel,1811

Chinese name:有鳞目

Suborder Lacertilia Batasch,1788

Chinese name:蜥蜴亚目

1 Family Dibamidae Boulenger,1884

Chinese name:双足蜥科

Type Genus:DibamusDuméril and Bibron,1839

1.1 Genus Dibamus Duméril and Bibron,1839

Chinese name:双足蜥属

Type species:Dibamus novaeguineaeDuméril and Bibron,1839

Dibamus bourreti Angel,1935

Chinese name:白尾双足蜥

English name:Bourret’s Blind Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN-RA 1935.0417 from Tam Dao,Vinh Yen Province,Vietnam.

Distribution:China (Yizhang County and Jiangyong County of Hunan,Jinxiu County and Longsheng County of Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Renhua County of Guangdong [Yanget al.,2011])

Dibamus bogadeki Darevsky,1992

Chinese name:香港双足蜥

English name:Bogadek’s Blind Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is MCZ R-172041 from Hei Ling Chau,Hong Kong,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Hong Kong [Zhaoet al.,1999])

2 Family Eublepharidae Boulenger,1883

Chinese name:睑虎科

Type genus:EublepharisGray,1827

2.1 Genus Goniurosaurus Barbour,1908

Chinese name:睑虎属

Type species:Goniurosaurus hainanensis Barbour,1908

Note:Goniurosaurus lichtenfelderiwas recognized as the only species ofGoniurosaurusin China (Zhao and Adler,1993;Zhaoet al.,1999).To date,however,different populations in China have been recognized as distinct species and the trueGo.lichtenfelderiwas found only in Vietnam.Goniurosaurus kadoorieorumis considered a junior synonym ofG.luii,owing to the lack of diagnostic characters separating fromG.luii(Ngoet al.,2016),and a polyphyleticG.luiiwith respect toG.kadoorieorumin both the ML and BI analyses (Grismer,2021).

Goniurosaurus araneus Grismer,Viets and Boyle,1999

Chinese name:越南睑虎

English name:Vietnamese Cave Gecko,Vietnamese Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is HLMD 2572 from 40 km SE of Cao Bang,Cao Bang Province,Vietnam

Distribution:China (Ningming County of Guangxi [Chenet al.,2014])

Goniurosaurus bawanglingensis Grismer,Shi,Orlov and Ananjeva,2002

Chinese name:霸王岭睑虎

English name:Bawangling Cave Gecko,Bawangling Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype MVZ 230973 from 5.6 km northeast of the town of Bawangling,within the Hainan Bawangling National Nature Reserve,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yinggeling Mountain Range and Bawangling Mountain Range of Hainan [Shiet al.,2011a])

Goniurosaurus gezhi Zhu,He and Li,2020

Chinese name:格致睑虎

English name:Gezhi Cave Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is ECNU-V0038,from southwestern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China,100-200 m elevation.

Distribution:Only found in China (southwestern Guangxi [Zhuet al.,2020])

Goniurosaurus gollum Qi,Wang,Grismer,Lyu &Wang,2020

Chinese name:广东睑虎

English name:Gollum Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYS r002420 from Huaiji County,Zhaoqing City,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Huaiji County of Guangdong [Qiet al.,2020b])

Goniurosaurus hainanensisBarbour,1908

Chinese name:海南睑虎

English name:Hainan Cave Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is MCZ7104 from Mt.Wuchi (=Wuzhi),Central Hainan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (southeastern Hainan at altitude 81-2765 m [Blair,et al.,2009;Zhouet al.,2019])

Goniurosaurus kwangsiensis Yang and Chan,2015

Chinese name:广西睑虎

English name:Guangxi Cave Gecko

Type and type locality:KFBG 14052,adult male,from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China (exact locality withheld;available to qualified researchers upon request [Yang and Chan,2015]).

Distribution:Only found in China (Guangxi [Yang and Chan,2015])

Goniurosaurus liboensis Wang,Yang and Grismer,2013

Chinese name:荔波睑虎

English name:Libo Cave Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYSr000218 from the Maolan National Nature Reserve (25°15′37.73″ N,108°5′45.74″ E),Libo County,Guizhou Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Libo County of Guizhou [Wanget al.,2013a],Tian’e County and Huangjiang County of Guangxi [Zhouet al.,2006;Wanget al.,2013a]).

Goniurosaurus luii Grismer,Viets and Boyle,1999

Chinese name:凭祥睑虎

English name:Chinese Cave Gecko,Chinese Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is UMMZ222683 from Pingxiang,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:China (Guangxi [Grismeret al.,1999])

Note:The record of Hainan (Grismeret al.,2002) was an error,and this specimen was from Guangxi (Grismer personal communication,via Yingyong WANG).

Goniurosaurus sinensis Zhou,Peng,Hou,Yuan,2019

Chinese name:中华睑虎;Chinese alias:光华睑虎

English name:Kwanghua Cave Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BL-RBZ-102 from the mountainous area of central and western Hainan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found inChina (midwestern mountains of Hainan Island [Zhouet al.,2019])

Note:Goniurosaurus kwanghuaZhu &He,2020 is synonymous withGo.Sinensis.

Goniurosaurus varius Qi,Grismer,Lyu,Zhang,Li and Wang, 2020

Chinese name:南岭睑虎

English name:Nanling Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYS r002333 from Nanling National Nature Reserve (560m elevation),Chengjia Yao Ethnic Township,Yangshan County,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Nanling National Nature Reserve in northern Guangdong Province [Qiet al.,2020a]).

Goniurosaurus yingdeensis Wang,Yang and Cui,2010

Chinese name:英德睑虎

English name:Yingde Cave Gecko,Yingde Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYSr000504 in a valley with a stream (113°18′21.22″ E,24°24′20.5″ N;137 m elevation) at a distance of 200 m from Guoshanyao Village,Yingde,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Guangdong [Wanget al.,2010])

Goniurosaurus zhelongi Wang,Jin,Li and Grismer,2014

Chinese name:蒲氏睑虎;Chinese alias:蛰龙睑虎

English name:Zhe-long’s Cave Gecko,Zhe-long’s Lepoard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYS r000770 from the Shimentai Nature Reserve (24°24′45.8″N,113°06′19.94″E),Yingde County,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Guangdong [Wanget al.,2014])

Goniurosaurus zhoui Zhou,Wang,Chen and Liang,2018

Chinese name:周氏睑虎

English name:Zhou’s Cave Gecko,Zhou’s Leopard Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BL-RBZ-002 from a typical karst area (at an altitude of 220-300 m elevation) in the central area of Hainan Island,China.

Distribution:Only found inChina (Hainan [Zhouet al.,2018])

3 Family Sphaerodactylidae Underwood,1954

Chinese name:球趾虎科

Type genus:SphaerodactylusWagler,1830

3.1 Genus Teratoscincus Strauch,1863

Chinese name:沙虎属

Type species:Teratoscincus keyserlingiiStrauch,1863

Teratoscincus przewalskii Strauch,1887

Chinese name:西域沙虎;Chinese alias:新疆沙虎

English name:Przewalski’s Wonder Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype:ZISP (ZIL) 6564 (fideSzczerbak and Golubev,1996) from Chami (=Hami),Xinjiang Uygur,Autonomous Region,China (restricted by Pope,1935)

Distribution:China (Xinjiang,Gansu,Inner Mongolia [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Teratoscincus roborowskii Bedriaga,1907

Chinese name:吐鲁番沙虎

English name:Turpan Wonder Gecko,Roborowski’s Wonder Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 9155 from the Turpan Depression,Turpan Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (corrected by Maceyet al.,1997)

Distribution:Only found in China (Turpan Depression of Xinjiang [Maceyet al.,1997]).

Note:ZISP 9155 was collected from Oasis of Ssatschsheu (=Dunhuang,Gansu Province,China) was an error.It was corrected to the Turpan Depression,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Maceyet al.,1997).This species was first printed in 1907 (Bedriaga,1907:159).

Teratoscincus scincus (Schlegel,1858)

Chinese name:伊犁沙虎

English name:Common Wonder Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is RMNH,possibly ZMA.RENA 15845 from the Ili River Valley,Xinjiang,China (=Ili River Valley of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China [fideZhao and Adler,1993:186])

Distribution:China (Ili River Valley in Xinjiang [Maceyet al.,1997])

4 Family Gekkonidae Gray,1825

Chinese name:壁虎科

Type genus:GekkoLaurenti,1768

Note:Palearctic naked-toed geckos,ranging from North Africa and Central Asia to northern India and western China (Rösler,2017),were reassigned to diverse genera (Baueret al.,2013),such asAlsophylax,Cyrtodactylus,Altiphylax,Cyrtopodion,Tenuidactylus,andMediodactylus.Accoding to Bayesian phylogenetic analysis,Cyrtopodion medogenseis considered a member ofAltiphylax(Cheet al.,2020).However,Altiphylaxis not a monophyletic group,and the analysis lacked molecular data forAltiphylax tokobajevi,which is the type species of this genus (Cheet al.,2020).Thus,in support of Zhaoet al.(1999) and Caiet al.(2015),we temporarily keepCyrtopodion sensu latoto avoid further confusion.In addition,Cyrtodactylus yarkandensiswas considered a synonym ofGymnodactylus stoliczkai(=Altiphylax stoliczkai) (Blanford,1875;Das,2017) and included inAltiphylax(Baueret al.,2013).However,the only record ofAl.stoliczkaiin China is the type locality ofCy.Yarkandensisin Yarkand (=Yarkant County or Shache County,southern Xinjiang,western China) (Zhao and Alder,1993;Zhaoet al.,1999),which was given by Anderson (1872) and thought to be erroneous (Blanford,1875).The most likely type locality was located at Ladak (Blanford,1875;Smith,1935;Zhao and Adler,1993;Daset al.,2017).This species is probably not native to China;at least no specimens withbona fidecollection data have been secured at the western Chinese border.For these reasons,Altiphylaxis temporarily not included in our list.

4.1 Genus Lepidodactylus Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:鳞趾虎属

Type species:Platydactylus LugubrisDuméril and Bibron,1836 (=Lepidodactylus lugubris)

Lepidodactylus lugubris (Duméril and Bibron,1836)

Chinese name:哀鳞趾虎

English name:Mourning Gecko,Common Smooth-Scaled Gecko

Type and type locality:the lectotype is MNHN 5323 (designated by Wells and Wellington,1985),and the type locality is L’île d’Otaiti (=Tahiti,Polynesia).

Distribution:China (Low altitude of Southeastern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Lepidodactylus yami Ota,1987

Chinese name:雅美鳞趾虎

English name:Lanyu Scaly-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is OMNH (Osaka) R2291 form 1 km north of Imoru,Lanyu Island,Taiwan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Orchid islands of Taiwan [Hsianget al,2009])

4.2 Genus Gekko Laurenti,1768

Chinese name:壁虎属

Type species:Gekko verticillatus Laurenti,1768 (=Gekko gecko)

Note:Woodet al.(2020) confirmed the placement ofPtychozoontaxa withinGekkowith strong support based on thousands of ultra-conserved elements.We adopt their new classification,emphasizing the most inclusive,original generic name (Gekko) for～60 taxa,arranged into seven subgenera,such asArchipelagekko,GekkoJaponigekkoPtychozoonand so on.

Gekko (Archipelagekko) kikuchii (Oshima,1912)

Chinese name:兰屿壁虎;Chinese alias:菊池氏壁虎

English name:Botel Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is catalogue No.1(=NTU1) from Lanyu Island,Taiwan,China.

Distribution:China (Orchid Island of Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Gekko (Gekko) gecko (Linnaeus,1758)

Chinese name:大壁虎;Chinese alias:红蛤蚧

English name:Tokay Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is unknown (fideNguyenet al.,2009),and the type locality is“Java”(designated by Mertens,1955).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999;Zhanget al.,2014],and introduced to Taiwan [Leeet al.,2019] and Guangxi [Yong Huang,personal communication])

Gekko (Gekko) reevesii (Gray,1831)

Chinese name:黑疣大壁虎;Chinese alias:黑蛤蚧

English name:Reeves’ Tokay Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.25.98 from China.

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Guangxi,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Fujian [Chenet al.,2004],Hainan [Shiet al.,2011a])

Gekko (Japonigekko) adleri Nguyen,Wang,Yang,Lehmann,Le,Ziegler and Bonkowski,2013

Chinese name:鹰氏壁虎

English name:Adler’s Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is IEBR A.2012.24 from karst forest near Ban Coong Village (22°43.666’N,106°39.054’E),in Duc Quang Commune,Ha Lang District,Cao Bang Province,northern Vietnam.

Distribution:China (Jingxi County of Guangxi [Nguyenet al.,2013])

Gekko (Japonigekko) auriverrucosus Zhou and Liu,1982

Chinese name:耳疣壁虎

English name:Shanxi Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NNC80275 from Hejin County,Shanxi Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Southwestern Shanxi,Yulin of Shaanxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Gekko (Japonigekko) chinensis (Gray,1842)

Chinese name:中国壁虎

English name:Gray’s Chinese Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.30.49,and the type locality is China (probably Hong Kong IslandfideSmith,1935)

Distribution:Only found in China (Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Macao [Geet al.,2018],Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008],Sichuan [Zhao,2003] and Hong Kong [Liu,2000])

Gekko (Japonigekko) guishanicus Lin and Yao,2016

Chinese name:龟山壁虎

English name:Guishan Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is TMRL 0461 from Guishan Isle,Toucheng Township,Yilan County,northeast Taiwan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Guishan Isle,Taiwan [Lin and Yao,2016])

Gekko (Japonigekko) hokouensis Pope,1928

Chinese name:铅山壁虎

English name:Hokou Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is AMNH 35090 from Hok’ou (=Hekou Town of Yanshan County),Eastern China.

Distribution:China (Anhui,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Taiwan,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hunan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Lianping County of Guangdong [Yingyong WANG’s unpublished data])

Gekko (Japonigekko) japonicus (Schlegel,1836)

Chinese name:多疣壁虎

English name:Schlegel’s Japanese Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.26.9-10,and the type locality is Japan.

Distribution:China (Anhui,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hubei,Hunan,Gansu,Guangxi,Guizhou,Shaanxi,Sichuan,Chongqing [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangdong [Liuet al.,2007],Shanxi [Fanet al.,1997],Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008])

Gekko (Japonigekko) kwangsiensis Yang,2015

Chinese name:广西壁虎

English name:Kwangsi Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is KFBG 14076 from Wuming County,Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Wuming County of Guangxi [Yang,2015])

Gekko (Japonigekko) liboensis Zhou,Liu and Li,1982

Chinese name:荔波壁虎

English name:Libo Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is TMC (ZMC) 791669 from Chengguan,Libo,Guizhou Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Libo County and Chishui County of Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999;Xvet al.,2007],Donglan County of Guangxi [Jonoet al.,2015])

Gekko (Japonigekko) melli (Vogt,1922)

Chinese name:梅氏壁虎

English name:Mell’s Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMB 27659a from northeastern Kuangtung (=Guangdong),China (designated by Bauer and Günther,1991).

Distribution:Only found in China (Jiangxi,Guangdong [Yanget al.,2012],Wuyi Mountains in Fujian [Yingyong WANG’s unpublished data])

Gekko (Japonigekko) scabridus Liu and Zhou,1982

Chinese name:粗疣壁虎

English name:Yunnan Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NNC 80122 from Yongren,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Gekko (Japonigekko) similignum Smith,1923

Chinese name:海南壁虎

English name:Hainan Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.25.96 (fideUetzet al.,2020),and the type is Smith’s number 7035,collected at Ang-mao in Five Finger Mountain area,Hainan,China (Smith,1923:195-212)

Distribution:Only found in China (Hainan [Otaet al.,1995])

Gekko (Japonigekko) subpalmatus (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:蹼趾壁虎

English name:Webbed-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.25.92 (fideUetzet al.,2020),and the type locality is Chikiang (=Zhejiang),China (reported by Rösler and Tiedemann,2007).

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Chongqing,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999],Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008])

Note:This species was observed from a single specimen and the type locality is in China (Günther,1864:104),and“probably Hong Kong”(Uetzet al.,2020) was an error (see Smith,1935:114).

Gekko (Japonigekko) swinhonis (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:无蹼壁虎

English name:Peking Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.30.50 (and possibly additional specimens) (Uetzet al.,2020).This species was observed from a single specimen obtained from Northern China (Günther,1864).

Distribution:Only found in China (Liaoning,Hebei,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu,Henan,Shandong,Jiangsu,Anhui,Zhejiang [Zhaoet al.,1999],Beijing [Hao and Cao,1982],Tianjin [Liet al.,1986])

Gekko (Japonigekko) taibaiensis Song,1985

Chinese name:太白壁虎

English name:Mingtao’s Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is IZSX 840108 (also as SIZ) from Erlangba,Taibai County,Shaanxi Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Taibai County of Shaanxi Province [Zhao,1999])

Note:The holotype is IZSX 840108,not IZSX 840104 (Song,1985).

Gekko (Japonigekko) wenxianensis Zhou and Wang,2008

Chinese name:文县壁虎

English name:Wenxian Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NNU Z2006.013 from Danbao Village on the south slope of the west Qinling Mountains (32°51′N;104°46′E),Wenxian County,Gansu Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (south slope of the west Qinling Mountains,Gansu Province [Zhou and Wang,2008])

Gekko (Ptychozoon) bannaense (Wang,Wang and Liu,2016)

Chinese name:版纳壁虎;Chinese alias:版纳伞虎

English name:Banna Parachute Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYSr001242 from Manheke Village (22°7′37.46″ N,100°54′5.71″ E),Mengyang Town,Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Mengyang Town,Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province [Wanget al.,2016b])

4.3 GenusHemiphyllodactylus Bleeker,1860

Chinese name:半叶趾虎属

Type species:Hemiphyllodactylus typusBleeker,1860

Hemiphyllodactylus changningensis Guo,Zhou,Yan and Li,2015

Chinese name:昌宁半叶趾虎

English name:Changning Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNUH (Nanjing Normal University herpetology) 00315 from the vicinity of Changning County (24°49′13.44″N,99°36′31.83″ E).,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Changning County and Longyang District of Baoshan,Yunnan Province [Guoet al.,2015])

Hemiphyllodactylus dupanglingensis Zhang,Qian,Jiang,Cai,Deng and Yang,2020

Chinese name:都庞岭半叶趾虎

English name:Dupangling Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNU 78999 from Dupangling National Nature Reserve (25°34′23.23″ N,111°23′21″ E;437 m elevation) Hunan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Dupangling National Nature Reserve of Hunan [Zhanget al.,2020])

Hemiphyllodactylus dushanensis (Zhou and Liu,1981)

Chinese name:独山半叶趾虎

English name:Dushan Slender Gecko,Dushan Gypsy Gecko,Dushan Dwarf Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNU 78999 from the vicinity of Dushan Junior High School in Dushan County,Guizhou Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Dushan County of Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999],Xinyi County and Xinkai County of Guangdong [Liet al.,2011])

Hemiphyllodactylus hongkongensis Sung,Lee,Ng,Zhang and Yang,2018

Chinese name:香港半叶趾虎

English name:Hong Kong Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYSr001735 from Aberdeen Country Park,Hong Kong (22°15′30.6″ N,114°9′41.4″ E),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Hong Kong [Sunget al.,2018])

Hemiphyllodactylus huishuiensis Yan,Lin,Guo,Li and Zhou,2016

Chinese name:惠水半叶趾虎

English name:Huishui Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNUh00851 from the vicinity of Huishui County (26°08′21.6″ N,106°39′43.2″ E),Guizhou Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Huishui County and Guiyang City of Guizhou [Yanet al.,2016])

Hemiphyllodactylus jinpingensis (Zhou and Liu,1981)

Chinese name:金平半叶趾虎

English name:Jinping Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNU78849 from vicinity of No.1 High School in Jinping County,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yunnan,Guizhou,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Hemiphyllodactylus longlingensis (Zhou and Liu,1981)

Chinese name:龙陵半叶趾虎

English name:Longling Slender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is NJNU79003 from the vicinity of Longling High School in Longling County,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (west part of Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Hemiphyllodactylus typus Bleeker,1860

Chinese name:半叶趾虎

English name:Indopacific Slender Gecko,(Indopacific) Tree Gecko,Common Dwarf Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH1946.8.30.83,and the type locality is“Goenong Parong (Java)”(=Gunung Parang,West-Java) (Wermuth,1965).

Distribution:China (low altitude area of southern and eastern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Hemiphyllodactylus yunnanensis (Boulenger,1903)

Chinese name:云南半叶趾虎

English name:Yunnan Slender Gecko,Asian Slender Gecko,Yunnan Dwarf Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1904.1.26.1,and the type locality is Yunnan Fu (=Kunming),Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:China (Central and northern Yunnan [Shiet al.,2011b])

Note:The Hunan population ofH.yunnanensis(Denget al.,1998;Shenet al.,2014) was considered a new species(H.dupanglingensis)(Zhanget al.,2020).The Zayü population (Shiet al.,2011b) was treated as a new species,H.zayuensis(Jianget al.in Cheet al.,2020:439)

Hemiphyllodactylus zayuensis Jiang,Wang and Che,2020

Chinese name:察隅半叶趾虎

English name:ZayüSlender Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype KIZ014060 from Lower Zayü Town,Zayü County,Tibet,28°35′24.1″ N,97°0′57.24″ E,1518 m).

Distribution:Only found in China (Zayü County of Tibet [Cheet al.,2020])

4.4 GenusGehyra Gray,1834

Chinese name:截趾虎属

Type species:Gehyra PacificaGray,1834 (=Gehyra oceanica)

Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann,1834)

Chinese name:截趾虎

English name:Stump-toed Gecko,Common Four-clawed Gecko,Stump-tailed Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMB 370A (designated by Bauer and Günther 1991),and the type locality is Manila (Philippines).

Distribution:China (Taiwan,Yunnan,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Guangdong [Liet al.,2011])

4.5 GenusAlsophylax Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:漠虎属

Type species:Lacerta pipiensPallas,1827 (=Alsophylax pipiens)

Alsophylax pipiens (Pallas,1827)

Chinese name:隐耳漠虎

English name:Caspian Even-fingered Gecko,Squeaky Pygmy Gecko

Type and type locality:Syntype is MCZ R-7128,and the type locality is Mt.Bol’shoi Bogdo,Caspian Desert,north of Astrakhan,Russia (fideAnanjevaet al.,2006).

Distribution:China (Gansu,Xinjiang,Ningxia,Inner Mongolia [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Alsophylax przewalskii Strauch,1887

Chinese name:新疆漠虎

English name:Przewalski’s Pygmy Gecko,Xinjiang Evenfingered Gecko,Xinjiang Pygmy Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP (also as ZIL) 5144 (fideSzczerbak and Golubev,1996),and the type locality was restricted to the lower Tarim River (Unterer Tarim-Fluss),Xinjiang,China (fideWermuth,1965:6).

Distribution:Only found in China (southern Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999],Gansu [Linet al.,2010])

Note:In terms of the authorship and date of species descriptions,for Alsophylaz,in accordance with Art.23.9 of the ‘Code’ (ICZN,1999),Al.przewalskiiStrauch,1887,was declared anomen protetcum,with priority over thenomen blatum Gymnodactylus microtisBlanford,1875.

4.6 GenusCyrtodactylus Gray,1827

Chinese name:裸趾虎属

Type species:Cyrtodactylus battalensisKhan,1993

Cyrtodactylus cayuensis (Li,2007)

Chinese name:察隅裸趾虎

English name:Zayü (Cayu) Bent-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYNU046 Ⅲ0286 form Xiacayu town (28°30′N,97°01′E),Zayü County of Xizang (=Tibet),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Zayü County of Tibet [Li,2007;Liet al.,2010])

Note:Cyrtodactylu khasiensis cayuensiswas recommended as a valid species based on geography and morphology (Agarwalet al.,2018).

Cyrtodactylus khasiensis (Jerdon,1870)

Chinese name:卡西裸趾虎

English name:Khasi Hills Bent-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1906.8.10.4 from the type locality“Khasi Hills”,Meghalaya state,India (designated by Agarwalet al.,2018).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County of Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999],Longchuan County of Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008])

Note:Two subspecies ofCy.Khasiensiswere found in China,i.e.,Cy.K.khasiensisandCy.K.cayuensis(Liet al.,2010).The Zayü population was the only definite group ofCy.K.cayuensisand was considered a valid species,Cy.Cayuensis(Agarwalet al.,2018).The other populations,Mêdog and Longchuan,are known asCy.K.khasiensis(Yang and Rao,2008;Liet al.,2010),which has not been explicitly negated,although Agarwalet al.(2018) stated that“this species is known with certainty only from the vicinity of Sohra,…,Northeast India”.Therefore,we keepCy.Khasiensisin our list temporarily.

Cyrtodactylus tibetanus (Boulenger,1905)

Chinese name:西藏裸趾虎

English name:Tibetan Thin-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1905.2.8.5 RR (and possibly additional specimens) (viaUetzet al.,2020),and the type locality is Chaksam Ferry (now near Daga Townships),Qüxü (=Qushui County),Tibet,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Lhasa and Nyingchi of Tibet [Liet al.,2010])

Cyrtodactylus wayakonei Nguyen,Kingsada,Rösler,Auer and Ziegler,2010

Chinese name:瓦氏裸趾虎

English name:Wayakone’s Bent-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is IEBR A.2010.01 from Kao Rao Cave (20°43.516′N,101°09.239′E),near Ban Nam Eng,Vieng Phoukha District,Luang Nam Tha Province,northern Laos.

Distribution:China (Mengla County of Yunnan [Yuan and Rao,2011])

Cyrtodactylus zhaoermii Shi and Zhao,2010

Chinese name:赵氏裸趾虎

English name:Zhaoermi’s Bent-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB 97979 (previously X-08900) from Nyemo County (29°21′ N,90°10′ E),Xizang (=Tibet) Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Nyemo County of Tibet [Shi and Zhao,2010])

4.7 Genus Hemidactylus Oken,1817

Chinese name:蜥虎属

Type species:Gecko tuberculosusDauding,1802(=Hemidactylus mabouia)

Note:Authorship of this genusis sometimes attributed to G.Cuvier (“1817”[1816]),but he used the form“Hemidactyles”,which is a vernacular rather than a Latin form and,thus,unavailable under the“Code”.Oken (1817) was the first to use a Latinized form,based on Cuvier’s name,by listing the abbreviation“Hemidact.”In a list of gecko genera beginning withThecadactylus(fideZhao and Adler,1993).Other systems have credited Grey,1825,without explanation (GBIF Secretariat,2019).

Hemidactylus aquilonius Mcmahan and Zug,2007

Chinese name:缅北蜥虎

English name:Northern Myanmar House Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 233019 from He Pu village (25°6′14″ N,96°21′55″ E,Mohnyin township) Kachin state,Myanmar.

Distribution:China (Zhenkang County of Yunnan [McMahan and Zug,2007])

Hemidactylus bowringii (Gray,1845)

Chinese name:原尾蜥虎;Chinese alias:无疣蝎虎

English name:Sikkimese Dark-Spotted Gecko,Bowring’s or Asian Smooth Gecko,Oriental Leaf-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 2007.1 (designated by McMahan and Zug,2007),and the type locality was restricted to Hong Kong or vicinity by Smith (1935).

Distribution:China (Sichuan,Taiwan,Fujian,Guangdong,Hainan,Guangxi,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Macao [Geet al.,2018])

Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril and Bibron,1836

Chinese name:疣尾蜥虎;Chinese alias:疣尾蝎虎

English name:Common House Gecko,South Asian House Gecko,Tubercled-tail House Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is MNHN-RA 5135A (1344) (designated by Wells and Wellington,1985),and the type locality is Java (designated by Loveridge,1947).

Distribution:China (Taiwan,Guangdong,Hainan,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangxi [Zhouet al.,2003])

Hemidactylus garnotii Duméril and Bibron,1836

Chinese name:锯尾蜥虎

English name:Indo-Pacific Gecko,Garnot’s House Gecko

Type and type locality:Syntypes are MNHN 2318,2318A,and the type locality is“l’Ile de Taiti”(=Tahiti,French Polynesia) (fide Uetzet al.,2020).

Distribution:China (Macao [Geet al.,2018],Guangdong [Yanget al.,2011],Guangxi [Jianget al.,2006],Hainan [Shiet al.,2011a],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008])

Hemidactylus platyurus (Schneider,1792)

Chinese name:宽尾蜥虎;Chinese aliases:蝎虎,蝎尾蜥虎

English name:Flat-tailed House Gecko,Frilled House Gecko,Asian House Gecko

Type and type locality:Type lost (Amarasingheet al.,2009);no type-locality given (fideStejneger,1907)

Distribution:China (southern Tibet,southern Guangdong [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:This species was first described in 1792,not in a reprint in 1797 (Schneider,1792,1797).The distribution record in Taiwan was an error (Hsianget al.,2009).

Hemidactylus stejnegeri Ota and Hikida,1989

Chinese name:史氏蜥虎;Chinese aliases:史丹吉氏蝎虎,台湾蜥虎

English name:Stejneger’s House Gecko,Stejneger’s Leaftoed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is OMNH R2351 from Hongye,Hualien,Taiwan,China.

Distribution:China (Taiwan [Zhaoet al.,1999])4.9 Genus Cyrtopodion Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:弯脚虎属

Type species:Stenodact ylus scaberHeyden,1827 (=Cyrtopodion scabrum)

Note:Accoding to Bayesian phylogenetic analysis,Cyrtopodion medogenseis considered a member ofAltiphylax(Cheet al.,2020).However,Altiphylaxis not a monophyletic group,and the analysis lacked molecular data forAltiphylax tokobajevi,which is the type species of this genus (Cheet al.,2020).Thus,in support of Zhaoet al.(1999) and Caiet al.(2015),we temporarily keep this genus asCyrtopodion sensu latoandkeepCy.Medogensein this genusto avoid further confusion.

Cyrtopodion medogense (Zhao and Li,1987)

Chinese name:墨脱弯脚虎

English name:Mêdog Thin-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB 000193 (previously T8380188) from Kabu,Mêdog County,Xizang (=Tibet) Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Nyingchi of Tibet [Liet al.,2010;Cheet al.,2020])

4.8 Genus Tenuidactylus Szczerbak and Golubev, 1984

Chinese name:细趾虎属

Type species:Cymnodactylus caspiusEichwald,1831(=Tenuidactylus caspius)

Note:Szczerbak sometimes was spelled as Shcherbak.

Tenuidactylus dadunensis (Shi and Zhao,2011)

Chinese name:大敦细趾虎;Chinese alias:大敦弯脚虎

English name:Dadun Thin-toed GeckoType and type locality:Holotype is CIB 97954 (previously XND06070) from Dadun (42°52′56.71″ N,88°55′44.47″ E),a town between Toksun County and Turpan City,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Turpan Depression in Xinjiang [(Shi and Zhao,2011)])

Tenuidactylus elongatus (Blanford,1875)

Chinese name:长细趾虎;Chinese alias:长弯脚虎

English name:Kashghar Thin-toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 4208,ZSI 5848-49,585,and the type locality is Yengisar County (=Yangihissar),Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:China (Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

4.10 GenusMediodactylus Szczerbak and Golubev,1977

Chinese name:中趾虎属

Type species:Gymnodactylus kotschyiSteindachner,1870 (=

Mediodactylus kotschyi)

Note:The (sub)genusMediodactyluswas first described by Szczerbak and Golubev in 1977,not by Steindachner in 1870.Steindachner (1870:329) describedGy.Kotschyifor the first time.

Mediodactylus russowii (Strauch,1887)

Chinese name:灰中趾虎;Chinese alias:灰弯脚虎

English name:Grey Thin-toed Gecko,Russow’s Bent-toed Gecko,Transcaspian Bent-Toed Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZIL 3658 (designated by Szczerbak and Golubev 1986:167),and the type locality is restricted to Novo-Alexandrovskoye by Mertens and Wermuth (1960:78),the ruins of the old fortress of Novo-Alexandrovskoye,situated 30 km to the east (Szczerbak and Golubev,1996).

Distribution:China (Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

5 Family Scincidae Oppel,1811

Chinese name:石龙子科

Type genus:ScincusLaurenti,1768

5.1 GenusPlestiodon Duméril and Bibron,1839

Chinese name:多齿石龙子属;Chinese aliases:蓝尾石龙子属,石龙子属

Type species:Plestiodon quinquelineatumDuméril and Bibron,1839 (=Plestiodon lynxe[Wiegmann,1834])

Plestiodon capito (Bocourt,1879)

Chinese name:黄纹石龙子

English name:Gail’s Eyelid Skink,Yellow striped skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN-RA 5531,and the type locality was restricted in North China (Smithet al.,1975)

Distribution:Only found in China (Beijing,Hebei,Liaoning,Hubei,Sichuan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guizhou [Gonget al.,2012],Henan [Zhanget al.,2012],Inner Mongolia [Guo,2002],Tianjin [Liet al.,1986])

Note:Bocourt’s type of this species probably have originated in North China not“Côte orientale des Etats-Unis”(Smithet al,1975;Zhao and Adler,1993)

Plestiodon chinensis (Gray,1838)

Chinese name:中国石龙子

English name:Chinese Blue-tailed Skink,Chinese Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH xv.54a,but said to be unknown by Sanget al.2009,and thetype locality is China.

Distribution:China (Chongqing,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Jiangxi,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Taiwan,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Hong Kong,Hainan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Macao [Geet al.,2018],Shandong [Jia and Lu,1997],Guangxi [Zhanget al.,1995],Liaoning [Li,2000])

Plestiodon elegans (Boulenger,1887)

Chinese name:蓝尾石龙子

English name:Shanghai Elegant Skink,Elegant Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 54.2.10.1-4,BMNH 58.10.19.132-133,BMNH 59.12.20.5-6,BMNH 70.1.14.14-17,BMNH 74.1.16.72,BMNH 74.1.16.74,BMNH 80.2.17.6 and BMNH 86.12.8.2-5 from East China.

Distribution:China (Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Taiwan,Henan,Jiangxi,Hubei,Hunan,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hong Kong,Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Yunnan,Shaanxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hebei [Wuet al.,1997],Shandong [Jia and Lu,1997],Shanxi [Fanet al.,1997])

Plestiodon leucostictus (Hikida,1988)

Chinese name:白斑石龙子

English name:White-Spotted Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is OMNH R 2811 from Lutao Island (=Green Island) of Taiwan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (eastern Taiwan [Kuritaet al.,2017b])

Plestiodon liui (Hikida and Zhao,1989)

Chinese name:刘氏石龙子

English name:Liu’s Skink,Hikida’s Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 64956 from Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Wuchang District of Hubei [Zhaoet al.,1999],Tongbai County of Henan [Caiet al.,2019])

Note:The distribution in Nanao of Guangdong (Liet al.,2011) was an error,the morphological characteristics and pictures of the specimen are different fromPl.liui.

Plestiodon popei (Hikida,1989)

Chinese name:崇安石龙子

English name:Pope’s Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is AMNH 34835,and the type locality is Chong’an (=Wuyishan) County,Fukien (=Fujian),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Wuyishan County of Fujian [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Plestiodon quadrilineatus Blyth,1853

Chinese name:四线石龙子

English name:Hong Kong Skink,Four-striped Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZSI 2360,and the type locality is Hong Kong,China.

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Hong Kong,Hainan,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Macao [Geet al.,2018]

Plestiodon takarai Kurita,Ota and Hikida,2017

Chinese name:钓鱼岛石龙子

English name:Diaoyu Dao Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is KUZ R32170 from Beixiao Dao,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Diaoyu Dao and its affiliated islands of Taiwan [Kuritaet al.,2017a])

Plestiodon tamdaoensis (Bourret,1937)

Chinese name:越南石龙子

English name:Vietnam Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are MNHN-RA 1948.0065 and MNHN-RA 1948.0066 from Tamdao,Vinh Phu Province,Vietnam.

Distribution:China (Hong Kong [Hikidaet al.,2001])

Plestiodon tunganus (Stejneger,1924)

Chinese name:大渡石龙子

English name:Tung River Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is USNM 66736 from Luting Kiao (=Luding bridge),crosses Tung River (=Dadu River),Western Szechwan (=Sichuan) Province,China

Distribution:Only found in China (Luding County,Wenchuan County,Li County and Leshan of Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

5.2 Genus Ateuchosaurus Gray,1845

Chinese name:光蜥属

Type species:Ateuchosaurus chinensisGray,1845

Ateuchosaurus chinensis Gray,1845

Chinese name:中国光蜥;Chinese alias:光蜥

English name:Chinese Short-legged Skink,Chinese Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.15.69 (formerly xv.89a),and the type locality is China.

Distribution:China (Fujian,Jiangxi,Guangdong,Hainan,Guangxi,Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999],Macao [Geet al.,2018],Hong Kong [Liu,2000])

5.3 Genus Asymblepharus Eremtschenko and Szczerbak,1980

Chinese name:裂睑蜥属

Type species:Ablepharus alaicusElpatjevsky,1901(=

Asymblepharus alaicus)

Note:Recently,molecular phylogenetics revealed a polyphyletic relationship betweenAsymblepharusandAblepharus,suggesting thatAsymblepharuswas synonymized withAblepharus(Pyronet al.,2013;Cheet al.,2020).Considering the lack of comprehensive studies of these two genera involving molecular and morphological data,we currently recognizeAsymblepharusas a valid genus.

Asymblepharus alaicus (Elpatjevsky,1901)

Chinese name:阿赖山裂睑蜥;Chinese alias:阿赖山泛蜥

English name:Alai Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMMU Re-2248 from Kyrghyzstan“Pamir”(Eremchenko,1983).

Distribution:China (Tianshan Range of Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Asymblepharus himalayanus (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:喜山裂睑蜥;Chinese alias:喜山滑蜥

English name:Himalaya Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.16.24;1946.6.17.62;1946.8.19.71 from Kashmir,Garhval,Simla,Himalayas.

Distribution:China (Burang County of Tibet [Cheet al.,2020],ect.)

Asymblepharus ladacensis (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:拉达克裂睑蜥;Chinese alias:拉达克滑蜥

English name:Ladak Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.16.28 from“Ladak (Tibet)”(Günther,1864:88).

Distribution:China (Zanda County in Tibet [Cheet al.,2020])

Asymblepharus medongensis Jiang,Wu,Guo,Li and Che,2020

Chinese name:墨脱裂睑蜥;Chinese alias:墨脱滑蜥

English name:Mêdog Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ011087 from Maniweng Village (29.2667N,95.1667E,850M),Beibeng Town,Mêdog County in Tibet,China.

Distribution:Only fonud in China (Mêdog County in Tibet [Cheet al.,2020])

Asymblepharus nyingchiensis Jiang,Wu,Wang,Ding and Che,2020

Chinese name:林芝裂睑蜥

English name:Nyingchi Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ06682 from 80 K (29°39′18″ N,95°29′24″ E 2720 m),Mêdog County in Tibet,China.

Distribution:Only fonud in China (Mêdog County and Bayi District in Tibet [Cheet al.,2020])

Asymblepharus sikimmensis (Blyth,1854)

Chinese name:锡金裂睑蜥;Chinese alias:锡金滑蜥

English name:Sikkim Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 2501-05 from“Sikim”.

Distribution:China (Gyirong County and Nyalam County in Tibet [Cheet al.,2020],ect.)

Note:Pyronet al.(2013) implicated that this species belongs to genusScincella.More studies are needed to test its systematic status.To avoide further confusion,we temporarily keep it as aAsymblepharusspecies.

5.4 GenusTropidophorus Duméril and Bibron,1839

Chinese name:棱蜥属

Type species:Tropidophorus cocincinensisDuméril and Bibron,1839

Tropidophorus berdmorei (Blyth,1853)

Chinese name:缅甸棱蜥

English name:Berdmore’s Water Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 2270-72 (fideSmith 1923);the type locality is“Mergui”(Myanmar).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Tropidophorus guangxiensis Wen,1992

Chinese name:广西棱蜥

English name:Guangxi Water Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is GMC (Guangxi Medical College) 85-032 from Mt.Daming (not Darning),Wuming County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China;1240 m elevation (23°23′ N 108°30′ E).

Distribution:Only found in China (Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999] and Xuefeng Mountain range of Hunan [Guoet al.,2010a])

Tropidophorus hainanus Smith,1923

Chinese name:海南棱蜥

English name:Hainan Water Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.9.10 (formerly 1924.5.22.8;Smith’s collection number 6997) from“Ang Mao,near Five Finger Mt.,Hainan”,600 m elevation.

Distribution:China (Hainan,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Jiangxi [Zhong and Wu,1981],Guizhou [Zhanget al.,2012],Hunan [Feiet al.,2010],Guangdong [Raoet al.,2011])

Tropidophorus sinicus Boettger,1886

Chinese name:中国棱蜥

English name:Chinese Water Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is SMF 15750 (6362,2a in Boettger,1893) from Deng-u.Shan (Dinghu Moutain),Canton (Guangdong) Province,China.

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Guangxi,Hong Kong [Zhaoet al.,1999],Jiangxi [Zhong,2004],Guizhou [Bo Cai’s field collection in 2019,field number Hu01])

5.5 Genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:蜓蜥属

Type species:Gongylus (Lygosoma) melanopogonDuméril and Bibron,1839 (=Sphenomorphus melanopogon)

Note:Fitzinger 1842 designatedSp.Müllerias type species (fideUetzet al.,2020;see also Schmidtler,2013).

Sphenomorphus courcyanum (Annandale,1912)

Chinese name:墨脱蜓蜥

English name:Mêdog Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZSI 16900 from Rotung,N Assam.

Distribution:China (Mêdog County of Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Sphenomorphus incognitus (Thompson,1912)

Chinese name:股鳞蜓蜥

English name:Brown Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 18700 from Koshun(=Hengchun),Taiwan,China.

Distribution:China (Fujian,Taiwan,Hubei,Hainan,Guangxi,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Zhejiang,Jiangxi [Chenet al.,2017],Anhui [Tang and Huang,2014],Hunan [Deng and Ye,1996],Guangdong [Liet al.,2011])

Note:Thefirst paper with a description ofSphenomorphus incognitusisThompson’s,which was apparently published a month earlier than van Denburgh’s (fideZhao and Adler,1993)

Sphenomorphus indicus (Gray,1853)

Chinese name:铜蜓蜥

English name:Indian Forest Skink,Himalayan Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.15.49 and BMNH 1946.8.19.27,but declared unknown (fideNguyenet al.,2009),and the type locality is Sikkim,Himalayas.

Distribution:China (Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Taiwan,Jiangxi,Hubei,Hunan,Guangdong,Henan,Hong Kong,Guangxi,Sichuan,Guizhou,Chongqing,Yunnan,southern Tibet,Shaanxi,Gansu,Shanghai [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hainan [Shiet al.,2011a],Shanxi [Zhang,2019])

Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth,1853)

Chinese name:斑蜓蜥

English name:Spotted Forest Skink,Maculated Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Type was lost,being ZSI (fideSmith,1935),and the type locality is Assam.

Distribution:China (Yunnan,southern Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:The records in Guangdong and Guangxi (Yanget al.,2009) were the misidentification ofSp.incognitus(Wang and Liu,2014).

Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen and Lue,1987

Chinese name:台湾蜓蜥

English name:Taiwan Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is NTNUB (given as TNUB) 148801 from Mt.Hohuan,Taiwan,3200 m elevation (24°8′27″N,121°16′40″E).

Distribution:Only found in China (Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Sphenomorphus tonkinensis Nguyen,Schmitz,Nguyen,Orlov,Böhme and Ziegler,2011

Chinese name:北部湾蜓蜥

English name:Tonkin Forest Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is IEBR A.0730 from Cat Ba National Park,Cat Ba Island,Hai Phong (20°47.610′ N,106°59.462′ E,100 m elevation).

Distribution:China (Jiangxi,Guangxi,Guangdong,Hainan [Wanget al.,2013b;Qianet al.,2013])

5.6 Genus Scincella Mittleman,1950

Chinese name:滑蜥属

Type species:Scincus lateralisSay,1822 (=Scincella lateralis)

Scincella barbouri (Stejneger,1925)

Chinese name:昆明滑蜥

English name:Barbour’s Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is MCZ 7261 from Yunnan Fu (=Kunming),Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Kunming and Wuding County of Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Scincella doriae (Boulenger,1887)

Chinese name:长肢滑蜥

English name:Doria’s Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are MNH 89.3.25.26-27,MSNG 6638 from Kakhien Hills and Bhamò.,Myanmar.

Distribution:China (Yunnan,Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangxi [Wanget al.,2018a],Mêdog County in Tibet [Cheet al.,2020])

Scincella formosensis (van Denburgh,1912)

Chinese name:台湾滑蜥

English name:Van Denburgh’s Ground Skink,Taiwan Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 25026 from Kanshirei,Taiwan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Scincella huanrenensis Zhao and Huang,1982

Chinese name:桓仁滑蜥

English name:Huanren Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is DMNH 810045 from Huanren,Liaoning Province,China.

Distribution:China (Liaoning [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Scincella modesta (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:宁波滑蜥

English name:Modest Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.16.75-76 from Ningpo (=Ningbo),Zhejiang Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Hebei,Liaoning,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Anhui,Fujian,Hubei,Hunan,Sichuan,Chongqing,Tianjin [Zhaoet al.,1999],Beijing [Maet al.,2012;Bo Cai’s field collection in 2020,field number CB20201001],Hainan,Henan [Zhaoet al.,2014],Jiangxi [Zhong,2004],Shandong [Yan,2000],Guangxi,Guangdong and Hong Kong [In doubt])

Scincella monticola (Schmidt,1925)

Chinese name:山滑蜥

English name:Mountainous Smooth skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is AMNH 20998 from Snow Mountain Village,Likiang (=Lijiang),Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:China (Sichuan,Yunnan,Shaanxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Scincella potanini (Günther,1896)

Chinese name:康定滑蜥

English name:Potanin’s Smooth skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 8576 (probably lost,fideUetzet al.,2020) from“town of Ta-tsien-Iu”(=Lucheng Town of Kangding County),Sichuan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Gansu [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:The report in Guizhou (Yuanet al.,2009) is probably an error.The specimens are needed to be reexamined.

Scincella przewalskii (Bedriaga,1912)

Chinese name:西域滑蜥

English name:Przewalski’s Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP (ZIL) 7073 from Mt.Dschachar,on the upper Chuanche (probably Bailong Jiang),Gansu Province,China (fideZhao and Adler,1993)

Distribution:Only found in China (upper Chuanche [probably Bailong Jiang] of Gansu [Zhao and Adler,1993])

Note:The Dschachar Mountains probably refer to Die Mountain (迭山),which is located on the upper end of the Bai-Long River (白龙江).“Dschachar”and“Chuanche”may be pronounced in the Khams Tibetan Zhouqu dialects.

Scincella reevesii (Gray,1838)

Chinese name:南滑蜥

English name:Reeves’ Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Syntypes is BMNH 1946.8.16.37-38 (formerly xv.9a-b) from China.

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Hong Kong,Hainan,Guangxi,Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Macao [Zhao and Liang,1999])

Note:The geography of its core distributions is quite different from Shanxi.The reports of Shanxi (Fanet al.,1997;Zhang,2019) probably are errors,which lack morphology or molecular data;and if the specimen existed,it needed to be reexamined.

Scincella schmidti (Barbour,1927)

Chinese name:瓦山滑蜥

English name:Schmidt’s Smooth Skink,Schmidt’s Ground Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is MCZ 7966 from Mt.Washan (=Dawa Shan),W.Szechwan (=Weatern Sichuan),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Washan Mountain range of Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:The type locality ofScincella schmidticonfused Dr.Ermi Zhao,who was“not sure if it referred to Dawa Shan (alternative name:Wa Shan) in Jinkouhe District or Wa Shan (alternative name:Wawu Shan) in Hongya County and Yingjing County”(Zhao,2003:117).In historical references,the locations and landforms of Wawu Shan and Wa Shan were described in detail by Ernest H.Wilson (1913),who is the director of the expedition sent out by the Arnold Arboretum and the associate of Walter R.Zappey,who collected the holotype of this species.From Ernest H.Wilson’s book,we can verify that the type locality ofSc.schmidtiis“Dawa shan (Wa Shan) Mountain”in Jinkouhe District,not“Wawu Shan (Wa-wu Shan)”.

Scincella tsinlingensis (Hu and Zhao,1966)

Chinese name:秦岭滑蜥

English name:Tsinling Smooth Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB007223 (previously 627039) from Lao-hsien-cheng (=Lao-xian-cheng),Chouchih Hsien (Zhouzhi County),Shensi (=Shaanxi).

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia [Zhaoet al.,1999],Shanxi [Fanet al.,1997],eastern Qinghai [Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,1989])

5.7 Genus Eutropis Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:亚洲南蜥属

Type species:Scincusmultifasciatus(=Eutropismultifasciata)

Eutropis cumingi (Brown and Alcala,1980)

Chinese name:库氏南蜥

English name:Cuming’s Mabuya

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 15473 from San Felipe,Zambales Province,southern Luzon Island.

Distribution:China (Lanyu Island of Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Eutropis longicaudata (Hallowell,1857)

Chinese name:长尾南蜥

English name:Long-tailed Mabuya,Long-tailed Sun Skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is ANSP 9541 from Bangkok,Siam [=Thailand].

Distribution:China (Taiwan,Guangdong,Hong Kong,Hainan,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangxi [Xiang Ji’s unpublished data])

Eutropis multicarinata (Gray,1845)

Chinese name:多棱南蜥

English name:Multi-keeled Mabuya

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.15.13-15 (formerly xv.94a-c) from Subic Bay area,Luzon Island,Philippines.

Distribution:China (Lanyu Island of Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Eutropis multifasciata (Kuhl,1820)

Chinese name:多线南蜥

English name:East Indian Brown Mabuya,Many-lined Sun Skink,Common Sun Skink,Java Skink

Type and type locality:Neotype is MZB 11912 (designated by Amarasingheet al.2018).Type locality is not given;Java (designated by Mertens,1930,fideManthey and Grossmannn,1997);neotype locality:Jalan Tanah,trail from Cilitung to the Pulosari Waterfall,Pandeglang,Banten (previously West Java),Indonesia,525 m (6.32756°S,105.95988°E;datum WGS84).

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Hainan,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],introduced to Taiwan [Leeet al.,2019])

5.8 GenusAblepharus Fitzinger,1824

Chinese name:泛蜥属

Type species:Ablepharus pannonicusFitzinger,1824

Ablepharus deserti Strauch,1868

Chinese name:沙地泛蜥

English name:Desert Lidless Skink

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 569,female (designated by Eremchenko and Szczerbak,1986),and the type locality is“auf den Sandhügeln des Ustjurt ...bei Akmetschet”[=Kyzylorda,Kazakhstan].

Distribution:China (Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County [Shiet al.,2006] and Nilka County [Xianguang GUO’s field data] in Xinjiang).

5.9 GenusLygosoma Hardwicke and Gray,1828

Chinese name:蝘蜓属

Type species:Anguis quadrupesLinnaeus,1766 (=Lygosoma quadrupes)

Note:Therelationships inLygosoma sensu latoare more complex.Freitaset al.(2019) revised the taxonomy by restrictingLygosomato Southeast Asia,resurrecting the genusRiopafor a clade of Indian and Southeast Asian species,expanding the genusMochlusto include all African species ofLepidothyrisand describing a new genus,Subdoluseps,in Southeast Asia.Similar to traditional morphological approaches,multivariate approaches have largely failed to differentiate clades inLygosoma sensu lato(Freitaset al.,2019).Hence,to avoid further confusion,we kept the original generic name (Lygosoma)andtemporarily downgraded these 4 genera to 4 subgenera.

Lygosoma (Subdoluseps) bowringii (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:侏蜥

English name:Bowring’s Supple Skink,Christmas Island Grass-skink

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.18.82 (formerly BMNH 56.11.17.41),but given as unknown by Sanget al.(2009),and the type locality is Hong Kong.

Distribution:China (Hong Kong [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:ForLygosoma sensu lato,onlyLy.bowringii(=Eumeces bowringiiGünther,1864)was recorded in Hong Kong,China.However,the only record in China was questioned:the species has not been recorded subsequently in Hong Kong or other places in China (Smith,1935;Pope,1935;Zhao and Adler,1993;Zhao,1997;Zhaoet al.,1999).Considering that Hong Kong is the type locality ofLy.bowringii,some studies stillincluded this species (Zhao and Adler,1993;Zhao,1997;Zhaoet al.,1999).Untill this location is shown to be an error,we kept this species in this paper temporarily.

5.10 GenusEmoia Gray,1845

Chinese name:岛蜥属

Type species:Scincus atrocostatusLesson,1830(=Emoia atrocostata)

Emoia atrocostata (Lesson,1830)

Chinese name:岩岸岛蜥

English name:Littoral Whiptail-skink,Mangrove Skink,Littoral skink

Type and type locality:Holotype was lost,originally MCZ R-15078;lost (fideGlenn Shea,personal communication,via Uetzet al.,2020).Type locality is Qualan Island (=Kosrae),Caroline Islands.

Distribution:China (Islands and seaside of southern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

6 Family Lacertidae Gray,1825

Chinese name:蜥蜴科

Type Genus:LacertaLinnaeus,1758

6.1 Genus Eremias Fitzinger,1834

Chinese name:麻蜥属

Type species:Lacerta veloxPallas,1771 (=Eremias velox)

Note:Several 20thcentury herpetologists treatedLacerta veloxPallas,1771 (=Eremias velox),as the type species;this was also adopted by Szczerbak (1974).Subsequently,ICZN used its plenary powers to designateLacerta veloxPallas,1771,as the type species ofEremias(see Melville,1985).

Eremias argus Peters,1869

Chinese name:丽斑麻蜥

English name:Mongolian Racerunner

Type and type locality:Lectotype ZMB 4532 (designated by Szczerbak,1974);Type locality is Chefoo (=Zhifu District of Yantai),Shandong,China (Peters,1869).

Distribution:China (Anhui,Beijing,Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Shanxi,Jilin,Liaoning,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Shandong,Gansu,Henan,Jiangsu [Zhao,et al.,1999],Hubei [Tianet al.,2016],Tianjin [Liet al.,1986],Qinghai [Zhaoet al.,1999;Zhaoet al.,2011])

Note:According to Xianguang Guo’s fieldwork,this species distribution does not extend to Zhejiang and Hunan.

Eremias arguta (Pallas,1773)

Chinese name:敏麻蜥

English name:Steppe Racerunner

Type and type locality:Neotype is ZISP (ZIL) 13205 (designated by Szczerbak,1974:149),and the type locality is interstream area of Ural River and Emba River,Northwestern Kazakhstan (Zhao and Adler,1993:202;Ananjevaet al.,2006).

Distribution:China (northern Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999;Gonget al.,2019])

Note:The records in Gansu (Yao,1983) and Inner Mongolia (Zhanget al.1988) are errors (Bauer and Günther,1995)

Eremias brenchleyi Günther,1872

Chinese name:山地麻蜥

English name:Ordos Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.7.63,and the type locality is "Mongolia" (probably in Inner Mongolia,China).

Distribution:Only found in China (Beijing,Hebei,Shaanxi,Shandong,Henan,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Anhui,Jiangsu [Zhaoet al.,1999],Tianjin [Liet al.,1986],Liaoning [Shiet al.,2014]).

Note:Erroneously reported from East Mongolia (fideZhao and Adler,1993);very similar toEr.argusGünther (1873,in J.L.Brenchley:396) gave the type locality as the district of Mongolia called "The Land of Grass" (or Steppes),but the species is not known from Mongolia (Zhao and Adler,1993;Ananjevaet al.,1997;Terbishet al.,2006) and known from southern Inner Mongolia.

Eremias buechneri Bedriaga,1907

Chinese name:喀什麻蜥

English name:Kashgar Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 7081;Lectotype ZISP 7087,August 1886,Coll.N.M.Przhevalsky;Type locality is in the southern of Kashgar (=Kashi City) (restricted by Szczerbak 1974)

Distribution:Only found in China (Southwest part of Xinjiang;Golmud in Qinghai [fideLiu’s PhD thesis,2019,and Xianguang Guo as one of his supervisors])

Note:This species was first printed in 1907 (Bedriaga,1907:184).

Eremias dzungarica Orlova,Poyarkov,Chirikova,Nazarov,Munkhbaatar,Munkhbayar and Terbish,2017

Chinese name:准噶尔麻蜥

English name:Dzungarian Racerunner

Syntype and type locality:Holotype is ZMMU R-12845 from Mongolia,Khovd Aimaq,Khoovor,7 km west from Uyench Sum (=Uench-somon) (46°05' N;91°56' E).

Distribution:China (Junggar Depression of Xinjiang [fideLiu’s PhD thesis,2019,and Xianguang GUO as one of his supervisors;Liu et al.,2021])

Eremias grammica (Lichtenstein,1823)

Chinese name:网纹麻蜥

English name:Reticulate Racerunner

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMB 1095 (designated by Szczerbak,1974),and the type locality is Karakum,Turkmenistan (restricted by Szczerbak,1974).

Distribution:China (Huocheng County,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Eremias kokshaaliensis Eremchenko and Panfilov,1999

Chinese name:科克沙尔麻蜥

English name:Kokshaal Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is R 000580,and the type locality is settlement Sary-Jaz (=Sary-Dzhaz),ravine Terekty,Kyrgyzstan (fideUetzet al.,2020)

Distribution:China (central Tien Shan near the border of Kyrgyzstan,Xinjiang [Eremchenko and Panfilov,1999;Guoet al.,2010b])

Note:The population of this species is rare,especially in China,and more fieldwork are necessary to verify its distribution in China.

Eremias multiocellata Günther,1872

Chinese name:密点麻蜥

English name:Multi-ocellated Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.7.69/71.4.16.32,and the type locality is Gobi Desert,on the route from Sumé to the Tola [=Tuul] River,Mongolia.

Distribution:China (Liaoning,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Shaanxi,Ningxia,Gansu,Qinghai [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:It is increasingly common to acceptEr.multiocellatain its entire range,representing a species complex (Eremchenkoet al.,1992;Eremchenko and Panfilov,1999;Sindaco and Eremchenko,2008;Orlovaet al.,2017;alsofideJinglong LIU’s PhD thesis,2019,and Xianguang GUO,as one of his supervisors).Pending the publication of this finding in peerreviewed scientific journals,we recognize this species asEr.multiocellatatemporarily.

Eremias przewalskii (Strauch,1876)

Chinese name:荒漠麻蜥

English name:Gobi Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 3943,and the type locality is Alashan Desert,Inner Mongolia,China.

Distribution:China (Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Ningxia [Zhaoet al.,1999]).

Eremias quadrifrons (Strauch,1876)

Chinese name:四额鳞麻蜥;Chinese alias:方额麻蜥

English name:Alashan Racerunner

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 3930,and the type locality is Alashan Desert,Inner Mongolia,China

Distribution:Only found in China (Alashan Desert of Inner Mongolia [Strauch,1876])

Note:It is one of the most enigmatic Central AsianEremias species,known only from a single male specimen (holotype);despite numerous attempts,other specimens of this species were not recorded during subsequent surveys (Szczerbak,1974).Szczerbak (1974) suggested that there is a possibility that the description ofEr.quadrifronswas based on an abnormal specimen ofEr.multiocellata,a thought that was adopted by Zhao (1995) and Zhaoet al.(1999).Xianguang Guo examined the type specimen and considered its morphology normal and not irregular.Further studies,including extensive surveys from the vicinity of this species type locality,are required to clarify its taxonomic status and its phylogenetic position.

Eremias roborowskii (Bedriaga,1907)

Chinese name:吐鲁番麻蜥

English name:Roborowski’s Racerunner

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 9130,and the type locality is Lukchun (=Luk-tschun Town),Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China (restricted by Chirikovaet al.,2019)

Distribution:Only found in China (Turpan Depression,Xinjiang [Chirikovaet al.,2019;Liuet al.,2019])

Note:Itwas recommended asEr.velox roborowskiiby Zhaoet al.(1999);recent morphological,ecological and molecular evidence congruently support that it should be raised to the status of full species (Liuet al.,2019;Chirikovaet al.,2019).

This (sub)species was first printed in 1907 (Bedriaga,1907b:181).

Eremias velox (Pallas,1771)

Chinese name:快步麻蜥

English name:Rapid Racerunner

Type and type locality:Neotype is ZISP 16233 (designated by Szczerbak 1974:84),and the type locality is iderskie Gory (mountains in the lower current of the Ural River),Kazakhstan (Mertens and Wermuth,1960;Ananjevaet al.,2006)

Distribution:China (northern Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999;Liuet al.,2014;Liuet al.,2019;Chirikovaet al.,2019])

Note:According to Xianguang Guo’s fieldwork,this species range does not extend to Gansu and Inner Mongolia.

Eremias vermiculata Blanford,1875

Chinese name:虫纹麻蜥

English name:Variegated Racerunner

Syntype and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 5308 and 5340,and the type locality is Yarkand (=Yarkend County)，Kashgaria (=Kashgar Prefecture),Xinjiang,China.

Distribution:China (Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al,1999])

Note:This species was found in“plains of Eastern Turkestan”(=southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,western China),according to the original description of Blanford (1875).The intended formal description gave the type locality as“around Yarkand and Kashgar”(in)“Eastern Turkistan”(Blanford,'1875' 1876),while Blanford (1875) mentioned of only“Eastern Turkestan”.

According to Xianguang GUO’s fieldwork,this species range does not extend to Qinghai and Ningxia.

Eremias stummeri Wettstein,1940

Chinese name:天山麻蜥

English name:Stummer’s Racerunner,Issyk-Kul Racerunner,Tien Shan Racerunner

Syntype and type locality:Holotype is NMW 15664,and the type locality is region of Lake Issyk Kul,vicinity of the town Karakol [formerly Przhevalsk]，Kyrgyzstan.

Distribution:China (Ili River Valley,Xinjiang [Dujsebayevaet al.,2019;Liuet al.,2021])

Eremias yarkandensis Blanford,1875

Chinese name:莎车麻蜥

English name:Yarkand Racerunner

Syntypes and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 3345-46,3348-50,3643,3645,3647-50,3654-55,3658-59,3849,5195,5228-30,3848,4210,5145,5147-49,5151-54,5312-16;The type locality is given as“Eastern Turkestan around Yarkand”(=Shache,southern Xinjiang,western China) in Blanford (1875).

Distribution:China (Xinjiang [Eremchenko and Panfilov,1999;Sindaco and Eremchenko,2008;alsofideLiu’s PhD thesis,2019,and Xianguang GUO as one of his supervisors])

Note:The syntypes were reported present in the collection of the ZSI by Das and Dattagupta (1997).The distribution does not extend to Gansu,Qinghai,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia (Eremchenko and Panfilov,1999;Sindaco and Eremchenko,2008;alsofideLiu’s PhD thesis,2019,and Xianguang GUO as one of his supervisors).

6.2 Genus Zootoca Wagler,1830

Chinese name:胎蜥属

Type species:Lacerta viviparaLichtenstein,1823 (=Zootoca vivipara)

Zootoca vivipara (Lichtenstein,1823)

Chinese name:胎蜥;Chinese aliases:胎生蜥蜴

English name:Viviparous Lizard,Common Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is unlocated,and the type locality is Schneeberg near Vienna,Austria (by virtue of the Articles 11.5,11.6,50.7 ICZN)

Distribution:China (Xinjiang,Heilongjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999],Inner Mongolia [Zhaoet al.,1995])

Note:Lacerta viviparawas first used as a“real”species name in Lichtenstein’s (1823) catalogue,but“Lacerta viviparaJacquin,1787”did not become a viable name (Schmidtler and Böhme,2011).

6.3 Genus Takydromus Daudin,1802

Chinese name:草蜥属

Type species:Takydromus quadrilineatusDaudin,1802 (=Ta.sexlineatus[Daudin,1802])

Takydromus albomaculosus Wang,Gong,Liu and Wang,2017

Chinese name:天井山草蜥

English name:White spotted East Asian Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYS-r001624 from Tianjingshan Forestry Station (24°41′24″ N,113°1′48″ E;699m in altitude),Ruyuan County,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Tianjingshan Forestry Station of Guangdong Province,China [Wanget al.,2017])

Takydromus amurensis Peters,1881

Chinese name:黑龙江草蜥

English name:Amur Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZMB 9869,and the type locality is Kissakewitsch (=Kossakewitcha) in the Amur River Valley,Russia.

Distribution:China (Heilongjiang,Jilin,Liaoning [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Takydromus formosanus Boulenger,1894

Chinese name:台湾草蜥

English name:Taiwan Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.4.50 (and possibly additional specimens),and the type locality is Xinhua in southwest Taiwan,China (restricted by Lue and Lin,2008).

Distribution:Only found in China (southwestern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin and Cheng,1981

Chinese name:雪山草蜥

English name:Hsuehshan Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is THUP (TURL) L-002 from Mt.Hsiao-hsueh,Taiwan (24° 17' N,121° 1’ E,2500-2950 m in altitude)

Distribution:Only found in China (Central Mountain Range and Xueshan Range of Taiwan,1800-3000 m elevation [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus intermedius Stejneger,1924

Chinese name:峨眉草蜥

English name:Omei Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is USNM 64437,and the type locality is Shin-kai-si (=Xin-kai Temple),Mountain Omei (=Emei Mountain) near Kiating (Leshan City),4,400 feet,Szechwan (=Sichuan),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangdong [Liet al.,2011],Hunan [Deng and Ye,1996],Guangxi [Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Gardenet al.,2004],Hubei [Yanget al.,2017])

Takydromus kuehnei van Denburgh,1909

Chinese name:古氏草蜥;Chinese aliases:古纳氏草蜥,台湾地蜥

English name:Kuhne’s Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 18002,and the type locality is Kanshirei (=Kuantzuling),Taiwan,China.

Distribution:China (Taiwan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hunan [Deng and Ye,1996],Jiangxi [Wanget al.,2017])

Note:Molecular data supportedTa.kuehnei carinatusGressitt,1938 as a full species,despite the lack of a morphological comparison (fideYu’s doctoral thesis,2014,and Xiang JI as the supervisor).Thus,pending the publication of the results of analyses with morphological and molecular data in peerreviewed scientific journals,we recognize this taxon as a subspecies.

Takydromus luyeanus Lue and Lin,2008

Chinese name:鹿野草蜥

English name:Luye’s Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is NMNS 4433 from Luye,Taidong County,Taiwan,China (22°53′47.0″ N,121°05′19.0″ E,on the bank of Luye Stream,the branch of Beinan River.

Distribution:Only found in China (Eastern Taiwan,low altitude [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus sauteri van Denburgh,1909

Chinese name:恒春草蜥;Chinese aliases:梭德氏草蜥,南台草蜥

English name:Sauter’s Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 18001,and the type locality is Koshun (=Hengchun),Taiwan,China

Distribution:Only found in China (southern and eastern Taiwan,middle and low altitude [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus septentrionalis Günther,1864

Chinese name:北草蜥

English name:Northern Grass Lizard,China Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.4.27 (and possibly additional specimens),and the type locality is Ningpo (=Ningbo),Zhejiang,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Shaanxi,Gansu,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Anhui,Hubei,Sichuan,Zhejiang,Fujian,Jiangxi,Hunan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Chongqing [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangdong [Huang,2002],Hebei [Menget al.,2008],Henan [Zhaoet al.,2018],Shandong [Luet al.,2000],Inner Mongolia [Xu,2001])

Note:The northest range is Shandong Province,not Jilin Province.The primodial information,distribution in Jilin (Zhaoet al.,2004),was derived from an inner journal of forest government,which is an error (Xiang Ji’s unpublished data).

Takydromus sexlineatus Daudin,1802

Chinese name:南草蜥

English name:Oriental Long-tailed Grass Lizard,Asian Grass Lizard,Six-striped Long-tailed Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is unknown (fideNguyenet al.2009),and the type locality is“Indes orientales”(Smith,1935).

Distribution:China (Fujian,Hunan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Guangdong,Hainan,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000])

Takydromus stejnegeri van Denburgh,1909

Chinese name:蓬莱草蜥

English name:Stejneger’s Grass lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 18417,and the type locality is Taipeh (=Taipei),Taiwan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (northwestern Taiwan,middle and low altitude [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus sylvaticus (Pope,1928)

Chinese name:崇安草蜥

English name:Chung-an Ground Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is AMNH 34975,and the type locality is Ch’ungan Hsien (=Wuyishan County),NW Fukien (=Fujian),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Fujian [Zhaoet al.,1999],Anhui [Tang and Xiang,2002],Guangdong,Hunan (Yingyong Wang’s unpublished data),Jiangxi [Leet al.,2009],Zhejiang [Yu’s doctoral thesis,2014,and Xiang JI as the supervisor)])

Takydromus viridipunctatus Lue and Lin,2008

Chinese name:翠斑草蜥

English name:Not available

Type and type locality:Holotype is NMNS 4431 from Suao,Yilan County,Taiwan (24°35′ 23.4″ N,121°51′37.5″ E),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (northern Taiwan,middle and low altitude [Hsianget al.,2009])

Takydromus wolteri Fischer,1885

Chinese name:白条草蜥

English name:Mountain Long-tailed Lizard,Whitestriped Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is lost,formerly ZMH (lostfideHallermann,1998),(No.940 of private coll.);the type locality is Chemulpo (=Incheon),Korea

Distribution:China (northern part of Changjiang River (Xiang JI’s unpublished data),including Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,Chongqing,Hubei,Anhui,Jiangsu [Zhaoet al.,1999],Sichuan [In doubt])

Note:The records of Jiangxi and Fujian are errors (Xiang JI’s unpublished data).

Takydromus yunkaiensis Wang,Lyu,and Wang,2019

Chinese name:云开草蜥

English name:Yunkai Grass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is SYS r001580 from Dawuling Forestry Station (22°16'32.90" N,111°11'42.87" E;1500 m in altitude),Yunkaishan National Nature Reserve,Xinyi County of Maoming,Guangdong Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yunkaishan National Nature Reserve,Guangdong Province,China [Wanget al.,2019a])

6.4 GenusLacerta Linnaeus,1758

Chinese name:蜥蜴属

Type species:Lacerta agilisLinnaeus,1758

Lacerta agilis Linnaeus,1758

Chinese common name:捷蜥蜴;Chinese alias:捷蜥

English common name:Sand Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is NRM (RMS,Royal Museum Stockholm);and the type locality was restricted in South Sweden (Mertens and Muller,1928).

Distribution:China (North Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

7 Family Anguidae Gray,1825

Chinese name:蛇蜥科

Type genus:AnguisLinnaeus,1758

7.1 GenusDopasiaGray,1853

Chinese name:亚洲脆蛇蜥属

Type species:Pseudopus gracilisGray 1845 (=Dopasia gracilis)

Dopasia gracilis (Gray,1845)

Chinese name:细脆蛇蜥

English name:Burmese Glass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.29.28,and the type locality is Khasi Hills,India (Brygoo,1987).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County in Tibet,Yunnan,Sichuan,Guizhou,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Dopasia hainanensis (Yang,1983)

Chinese name:海南脆蛇蜥

English name:Hainan Glass Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNHC (also as BMAM) 820203 from Xin’an Tree Farm,Diaoluoshan,Hainan Island,China.

Distribution:China (Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:This species was first discripted in 1983,not in 1984 (Yang,1983)

Dopasia harti (Boulenger,1899)

Chinese name:脆蛇蜥

English name:Hart’s Glass LizardType and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1946.8.3.81 (designated by Brygoo,1987)；the type locality is Kuatun (=Guadun),northwestern Fokien (=Fujian) Province,China

Distribution:China (Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Taiwan,Hunan,Guangxi,Sichuan,Chongqing,Guizhou,Yunnan[Zhaoet al.,1999]),Jiangxi [Zhong,2004],Guangdong [Li and Liu,1999],Anhui [Li and Wu,2019]).

8 Family Shinisauridae Ahl,1930

Chinese name:鳄蜥科

Type genus:ShinisaurusAhl,1930

8.1 Genus Shinisaurus Ahl,1930

Chinese name:鳄蜥属

Type species:Shinisaurus crocodilurusAhl,1930

Shinisaurus crocodilurus Ahl,1930

Chinese name:鳄蜥

English name:Chinese Crocodile Lizard

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMB 34034;type localityis Yao Shan (=Dayao Mountain),Kwangsi (=Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region),China.

Distribution:China (Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangdong [Liet al.,2011])

9 Family Varanidae

Chinese name:巨蜥科

Type genus:VaranusMerrem,1820

9.1 Genus Varanus Merrem,1820

Chinese name:巨蜥属Type species:Lacerta variaWhite,1790 (=Varanus varius)

Note:Varanus vietnamensisYang and Liu,1994,which is synonymous withVa.nebulosus(Grey,1831) (Böhme and Ziegler,1997),was first described as a species according to a specimen purchased in Hekou County (Rao and Yang,1996).Considering that the specimens were bought from markets not obtained from a natural environment in China,this species is not included in this list temporarily.

Varanus bengalensis (Daudin,1802)

Chinese name:孟加拉巨蜥;Chinese alias:伊江巨蜥 (western Yunnan population)

English name:Bengal Monitor,Yijiang Monitor

Type and type locality:Lectotype is MNHN-RA 2179 (designated by Guibé,1954);the type locality is Bengal,India (=between the Indian state of West Bengal and the People’s Republic of Bangladesh).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:The western Yunnan population ofVa.bengalensiswas treated as a full species (Va.irrawadicus) on the basis of morphological data (Yang and Li,1987;Yang and Rao,2008).Auffenberg (1994) considered that the morphological characteristics were within the range of those ofVa.bengalensisbengalensis,in agreement with Zhaoet al.(1999).DeLisle (1996) and Böhme and Ziegler (1997) considered this taxon a subspecies (Va.bengalensisirrawadicus).Böhme (2003),Pianka and King (2004) and DeLisle (2009) synonymized it withVa.bengalensisand did not recognize any other subspecies.As such,a broad spectrum of studies is needed,especially molecular and morphological studies ofVa.bengalensisfrom the type locality.

Varanus salvator (Laurenti,1768)

Chinese name:圆鼻巨蜥;Chinese alias:水巨蜥,泽巨蜥

English name:Common Water Monitor

Type and type locality:Neotype is ZFMK 22092 (designated by Kochet al.,2007);the type locality is restricted to Ceylon (=Sri Lanka) (Mertens,1959).

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Hong Kong,Guangxi,Yunnan,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:Released individuals being frequently discovered,or with high invasive potential in Taiwan [Leeet al.,2019]).

10 Family Agamidae Gray,1827

Chinese name:鬣蜥科

Type genus:AgamaDaudin,1802

10.1 GenusLeiolepisCuvier,1829

Chinese name:腊皮蜥属

Type species:Leiolepis guttatusCuvier,1829

Leiolepis reevesii (Gray,1831)

Chinese name:蜡皮蜥

English name:Reeves’ Butterfly Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.14.59 (xxiii.76a) from Southern China.

Distribution:China (Guangdong,Hainan,Macao,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999,Zhuet al.,2021])

Note:This species was first discribed by Gray,1831:62 with the Latin name“Uromastyx Revesii”,we consider“Revesii”as a printing error.Type and type locality did not give by Gray,but assigned as“a.♂ China.J.Reeves,Esq]P.] (Type ofLe.reevesii)”with the given distribution“Southern China,…”by Boulenger 1885:404.Thus,the type locality should be Southern China.

10.2 Genus Physignathus Cuvier,1829

Chinese name:长鬣蜥属

Type species:Physignathus cocincinusCuvier,1829

Physignathus cocincinus Cuvier,1829

Chinese name:长鬣蜥

English name:Chinese Water Dragon,Green Water Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN-RA 2537;type locality is Cochinchine (a historical region in South Vietnam).

Distribution:China (Yunnan,Guangdong,Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999],northern Taiwan [introduced,Leeet al.,2019])

10.3 Genus Laudakia Gray,1845

Chinese name:岩蜥属

Type species:Agama tuberculataGray 1827 (=Laudakia tuberculata)

Note:Paralaudakiawas described and separated fromLaudakiaby morphology-based taxonomic revision (Baiget al.,2012) in consideration of mtDNA evidence of a paraphyly ofLaudakia sensu lato.However,owing to a lack of nuclear DNA evidence,the division ofLaudakiainto three genera remains somewhat controversial (e.g.,Pyronet al.,2013),and we temporarily downgraded these 2 genera to 2 subgenera,and maintained the original generic name (Laudakia).

Laudakia (Laudakia) papenfussi Zhao,1998

Chinese name:西藏岩蜥

English name:Papenfuss’ Rock Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB002750 (previously 775001) from Mayang River Valley between Mayang Village and Diya Village,Zanda County,Tibet Autonomous Region,China;3300 m elevation.

Distribution:Only found in China (Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:775001 is the field number not the voucher number.

Laudakia (Laudakia) sacra (Smith,1935)

Chinese name:拉萨岩蜥

English name:Smith’s Rock Agama,Lhasa Rock Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1946.8.28.57 from Lhasa,Tibet,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Lhasa and Nyingchi Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Laudakia (Laudakia) tuberculata (Gray,1827)

Chinese name:南亚岩蜥

English name:Tuberculated Agama,Kashmir Rock Agama

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.28.17/60.3.19.1377;type locality is India;restricted to Bengal (Smith,1935).

Distribution:China (Gyirong County of Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Laudakia (Laudakia) wui Zhao,1998

Chinese name:吴氏岩蜥

English name:Wui’s Rock Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB002757 (previously 73I5012) from Yi'ong (=Yigong),Bomi County,Tibet Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Nyingchi in Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:73I502 is the field number,not the voucher number.

Laudakia (Paralaudaki) himalayana (Steindachner,1867)

Chinese name:喜山岩蜥

English name:Himalayan Rock Agama

Type and type locality:Syntypes are NMW 16752:1-12,16753:1-2 from Lei [=Leh] and Kargill,Ladakh (via Uetzet al.,2020).

Distribution:China (Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Laudakia (Paralaudaki) stoliczkana (Blanford,1875)

Chinese name:新疆岩蜥

English name:Mongolia Rock Agama,Xinjiang Rock Agama,

Type and type locality:Syntypesa are ZSI 3813-15,ZSI 4205 (Daset al.,1997);the type locality is the plains of southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Tarim Basin),China.

Distribution:China (Xinjiang,Gansu [Zhaoet al.,1999;Peng,2019])

Note:TheLaudakia stoliczkana altaica(Munkhbayar and Shagdarsuren,1970) can probably be treated as a valid species (fideLifang Peng’s doctoral thesis,2019,and Song Huang as the supervisor).Pending the publication of this study in peerreviewed scientific journals,we temporarily recognize it as a subspecies.

10.4 GenusPhrynocephalus Kaup,1825

Chinese name:沙蜥属

Type species:Lacerta guttataGmelin,1789 (=Phrynocephalus guttatus)

Note:Different populations ofPhrynocephalus guttatus(Gmelin,1789) in China have been recognized as separate species asPh.melanurus,Ph.alpherakiiandPh.Grumgrzimailoi.Thus,Ph.guttatusis temporarily not included in this list.

Phrynocephalus alpherakii Bedriaga,1907

Chinese name:伊犁沙蜥

English name:Alferaki’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 10038.3 (designated by Peters,1984),and the type locality is near“Chorgos”[=Korgas river,tributary of the upper Ily river,western Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China].

Distribution:China (Ily River Valley,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:Phrynocephalusguttatusalpherakiiwas elevated to the status of full species based on morphological and molecular studies (Ananjevaet al.,2011;Solovyevaet al.,2011;Milto and Barabanov,2012;Solovyevaet al.,2018).

This specieswas first described in 1907 (Bedriaga,1907a:220).

Phrynocephalus axillaris Blanford,1875

Chinese name:叶城沙蜥

English name:Yarkand Toad-headed Agama

Type and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 3612-18,3620,3622-23,3625-38,3832-34,4839-40;the type locality is the plains of southern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Tarim Basin),China.

Distribution:China (Gansu,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.1999])

Note:According to Xianguang GUO’s fieldwork,this species range does not extend to Qinghai.

Phrynocephalus erythrurus Zugmayer,1909

Chinese name:红尾沙蜥

English name:Zugmayer’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZSM 317/1910 (designated by Peters,1984:47);the type locality is“Sagüs Kul,Nordwest-Tibet”.

Distribution:Only found in China (Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999],Qinghai [Jin and Brown,2010]).

Note:Phrynocephalus erythrurusis the sister species ofPh.vlangalii,not the synonym ofPh.theobaldi(Jin and Brown,2013;Solovyevaet al.,2018).

Sagüs Kul or Sagüs-kol probably is the name of a mountain lake on the upper Keria river,lays south side of Lvshitage Mountain,Xinjiang-Tibet border,China.

Phrynocephalus forsythii Anderson,1872

Chinese name:南疆沙蜥

English name:Forsyth’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.28.40;NMW 24809 and ZSI 5167,5168,5181.Type locality is Yarkand (=Shache County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China)

Distribution:Only found in China (southern Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi Bedriaga,1909

Chinese name:奇台沙蜥

English name:Grum-Grzimailo’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 8178.1 (by present designation),and the type locality is Gutschen (=Qitai County),northern edge of Tjan-schan (=Tian Shan Mountains),Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China (restricted by lectotype designation by Peters,1984).

Distribution:Only found in China (Junggar Depression,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoiwas considered invalid and synonymous withPh.melanurusby Barabanov and Ananjeva (2007) and Ananjevaet al.(2011),although no evidence was provided.

This species was first described in 1909 (Bedriaga,1909).

Phrynocephalus guinanensis Ji,Wang and Wang,2009

Chinese name:贵南沙蜥

English name:Guinan Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is NNU (Nanjing Normal University) P2004.006 from Senduo,Guinan County,Qinghai Province,China (35°34′N,101°05′E;altitude 3350 m elevation).

Distribution:Only found in China (Guinan County in Qinghai [Jiet al.,2009])

Note:Bayesian species delimitation analysis of mtDNA did not support the division ofPh.putjataiandPh.guinanensisinto separate species (Jinet al.,2014).Genotyping by sequencing further suggested synonymisingPh.guinanensiswithPh.putjatia(Jin and Brown,2019).However,according to Xiang Ji’s unpublished data,there were significant differences in morphology,genetic of topotypes and life history adaptation to the pure desert environment betweenPh.putjataiandPh.guinanensis,and it is believed thatPh.guinanensisis in the process of ecological species formation.

Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas,1771)

Chinese name:旱地沙蜥

English name:Sunwatcher Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZMB 781 (designated by Denzeret al.,1997:324),and the type locality is Deserti australois (=Inderskaya Steppe),Kazakhtstan.

Distribution:China (northern Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:According to Xianguang GUO’s fieldwork,this species range does not extend to Inner Mongolia.

Phrynocephalus melanurus Eichwald,1831

Chinese name:黑腹沙蜥

English name:Zaisan Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Neotype is ZMMU Re-5611 (designated by Semenovet al.,1987:105).Type locality is“Sibiria australi,versus montes Altaicos”.Restricted to Kyzylkum sands near the Kurchum village left side of the Bukhtarminskoje vodokhranilishe,Eastern Kazakhstan by neotype designation (Ananjevaet al.,2006:56).

Distribution:China (Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:By studying the taxonomic status,ecological features and behaviour of these populations,Dunayev (1989) suggested thatPh.guttatusmelanurusdeserves the status of full species,which is supported by molecular evidence (Melvilleet al.,2009;Dunayevet al.,2020;Solovyevaet al.,2018).

Phrynocephalus mystaceus (Pallas,1776)

Chinese name:大耳沙蜥

English name:Secret Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Neotype is ZISP 8735.1,and the type locality is East Caucasus.Restricted to“Naryn-Steppe,an der Nordküste des kaspischen Maeeres”(Mertens and Müller 1928);Restricted by neotype designation to Ryn Peski (Ryn Sands),Uralskaya Region,north-western Kazakhstan (Barabanov and Ananjeva,2007).

Distribution:China (Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Phrynocephalus nasatus Golubev and Dunayev,1995

Chinese name:宽鼻沙蜥

English name:Bay Toad-headed Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZMMU Re-7614,and the type locality is“on the road to Aksu via Topa-Duvan”(=northern part of Duvan [Topa-Bell,Karaduvan Ridge;41°34′ N,80°48′ E],Bozidun Kirgiz Nationality Township,Wensu Couty),Xinjiang,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Mountain plateau under the mountain ranges of the Jengish Chokusu in Xinjiang [Dunayev,2020])

Note:Phrynocephalus axillarisandPh.nasatusare not similar enough to be synonymized,because these two species are clearly distinguished from each other by morphological traits (colouration and scalation) and represent different phylogenetic lineages (Dunayev,2020).

Phrynocephalus przewalskii Strauch,1876

Chinese name:荒漠沙蜥

English name:Przewalski’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 3928;type locality is eastern part of Tengger Desert (west from 106°E),southwestern part of Nei Mongol (=Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region,China (Barabanov and Ananjeva,2007).

Distribution:Only found in China (Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Ningxia,Gansu,Beijing,Shaanxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:According to the route of Przewalsky’s first expedition,the type locality of this species should be corrected to the eastern part of Tengger Desert (west from 106° E),southwestern part of Nei Mongol (=Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region,China (Barabanov and Ananjeva,2007).

Phrynocephalus putjatai Bedriaga,1909

Chinese name:贵德沙蜥

English name:Putjata’s Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 7447.1 (designated by Peters,1984:44),and the type locality is“Gui-dui am Hoang-ho”(=Guide County [36°00' N,101° 40' E]),southeast of Kuku-Nor (=Qinghai) Lake,Qinghai Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (western Qinghai,Tianzhu County of Gansu [Guoet al.,2012;Jin and Liu,2008])

Note:This species was first described in 1909 (Bedriaga,1909)

Phrynocephalus theobaldi Blyth,1863

Chinese name:西藏沙蜥

English name:Theobald’s Toad-headed Agama

Type and type locality:Syntypes are ZSI 5391-93 from the area along Lake Chomoriri (=Tso Moriri Lake,Ladakh).

Distribution:China (Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Phrynocephalus versicolor Strauch,1876

Chinese name:变色沙蜥

English name:Tuvan Toad-headed Agama,Variegated Toadhead Agama

Type and type locality:Lectotype is ZISP 3929.1 (designated by Peters,1984:36);the type locality is“deserto Alaschanico”(=Tengger Desert),Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.

Distribution:China (Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Gansu,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Phrynocephalus vlangalii Strauch,1876

Chinese name:青海沙蜥

English name:Ching Hai Toadhead Agama,Qinghai Toad-headed Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZISP 3946;the type locality is“Kuku-noor dictum”(=Quinghai Lake,Quinghai Province,China).

Distribution:Only found in China (Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

10.5 Genus Trapelus Cuvier 1817

Chinese name:草原蜥属

Type species:Agama mutabilisMerrem,1820 (=Trapelus mutabilis)

Trapelus sanguinolentus (Pallas,1814)

Chinese name:草原蜥

English name:Steppe Agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is unlocated (Anderson,1999);the type locality is Kum-Ankatar on Terek River,Russia.

Distribution:China (Ili River valley,Xinjiang [Zhaoet al.,1999])

10.6 Genus Japalura Gray,1853

Chinese name:龙蜥属

Type species:Japalura variegataGray 1853

Note:On the basis of combined mtDNA and nuclear loci analyses,Wanget al.(2019) revised the taxonomyJapaluraandDiplodermaand splitJapalura sensu latointo four genera,definedJapalura sensu strictoaccording to clade C (distributed along the southern foothills of the Himalayas).However,by using the mitochondrial ND1-ND2 gene fragments to construct a Bayesian (BI) phylogenetic tree,Cheet al.(2020) did not find evidence to support a monophyly of“Japalura sensu stricto”.Considering that the results of Cheet al.(2020) lack nuclear DNA evidence,we temporarily adopt the conclusion of Wanget al.(2019).

As suggested by Liuet al.(2020),the Chinese name“龙蜥”refers to the name of the genusJapalura,showing our respect to Professor Cheng-Chao Liu’s revision.

Japalura andersoniana Annandale,1905

Chinese name:长肢龙蜥;Chinese alias:长肢攀蜥

English name:Anderson’s Mountain lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZSI 4104 (fideUetzet al.,2020);the type locality is Duffla [=Dafla],Assam/Bhutan border (fideWermuth,1967).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County in Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Japalura austeniana (Annandale,1908)

Chinese name:混鳞蜥

English name:Abor Hills agama

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZSI 3976;the type locality is the Hills near Harmatti (=Dafla Hills,Assam,fideSmith,1935).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County in Tibet [Wanget al.,2019c])

Note:Owing to the morphological similarities,Mahony (2010) synonymizedMictopholistoPseudocalotes.However,theMictopholisspecies was also similar to members of the genusJapalura(Mahony,2010;Wanget al.,2019c).According to phylogenetic studies based on mitochondrial DNA data,Cheet al.(2020) showed thatMictopholiswas more closely related toJapalurathan toPseudocalotes.In support of this perspective,Gowandeet al.(2021),using mtDNA (16S rRNA,ND2 and ND4) and the nuclear RAG1 gene sequences,inferred thatP.austenianawas embedded within the genusJapaluraGray,1853 sensu stricto.

Japalura sagittifera Smith,1940

Chinese name:矢状龙蜥;Chinese alias:绿背攀蜥

English name:Burmese Japalure,Burmese Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1946.8.13.97 (designated by Mahony,2009),formerly BMNH 1940.6.1.44 (male);the type locality is“Pangnamdim,Triangle,Upper Burma”.

Distribution:China (Beibeng Township of Mêdog County in Tibet [Kunte and Manthey,2009])

Japalura tricarinata (Blyth,1853)

Chinese name:三棱龙蜥;Chinese alias:雾林攀蜥

English name:Three Keeled Mountain Lizard,

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZSI 5300,and the type locality is“near Darjiling”(=Darjeeling,West Bengal State,eastern India).

Distribution:China (Zhangmu Town of Nyalam County in southeastern Tibet [Wanget al.,2018b])

Note:The historical Tibetan specimen ofJ.kumaonensisreported by Zhao and Jiang (1977) is a misidentification ofJ.tricarinata(Wanget al.,2018b).

10.7 Genus Ptyctolaemus Peters,1864

Chinese name:喉褶蜥属

Type species:Otocryptis (Ptyctolaemus) gularisPeters,1864 (=Ptyctolaemusgularis)

Ptyctolaemus gularis (Peters,1864)

Chinese name:喉褶蜥

English name:Green Fan-throated lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZMB 5004;the type locality isMargherita,in Patkai Mountains,Upper Assam (fideAnanjeva and Stuart,2001).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County of Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:the type locality“Calcutta”was an error (fideZhao and Adler,1993).

10.8 Genus Draco Linnaeus,1758

Chinese name:飞蜥属

Type species:Draco volansLinnaeus,1758

Draco blanfordii Blanford,1878

Chinese name:裸耳飞蜥

English name:Blanford’s Flying Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.26.76;the type locality is restricted to the forest fo Tavoy (Smith,1935),east of Tavoy,Nawlabú Hill,Tenasserim,Burma (Zhao and Adler,1993).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Draco maculatus (Gray,1845)

Chinese name:斑飞蜥

English name:Spotted Flying Dragon,Spotted Gliding Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.27.22 (23.9a) (fideMusters,1983:53);the type locality is Penang,Malaysia (restricted by Smith,1935:138).

Distribution:China (southern Yunnan,southern Tibet,Fujian,Guangxi,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:The type locality ofDr.maculatusis Penang,Malaysia (restricted by Smith,1935:138).This type locality may be an error,because Smith (1935:140) claimed that the species is not known south of 8° North latitude (Zhao and Adler,1993),and more research is needed.

10.9 GenusCalotes Cuvier,1817

Chinese name:树蜥属

Type species:Lacerta CalotesLinnaeus 1758(=Calotes calotes)

Calotes emma Gray,1845

Chinese name:棕背树蜥

English name:Forest Garden Lizard

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1946.8.11.26 (fidePalet al.2018);the type locality is“Afghanistan”,in error (fideZhao and Adler,1993).

Distribution:China (Yunnan,Guangdong [Zhao and Adler,1993;Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangxi [Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden,2004;Zhouet al.,2006])

Note:The records of Guangzhou [Liet al.,2011] are probably errors (Yingyong Wang’s unpublished data) and if the specimen existed,it needed to be reexamined.

Calotes jerdoni Günther,1870

Chinese name:绿背树蜥

English name:Jerdon’s Forest Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.11.49-58,ZMB 8448,and the type locality is“Affghanistan and Khassia Hill”(fideWermuth,1967),implied in Khasi Hills,Assam,India (Zhao and Adler,1993).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [in doubt],Mêdog County in Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Calotes medogensis Zhao and Li,1984

Chinese name:墨脱树蜥

English name:Mêdog Forest Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB001477 (previously T8370177) from Yarang,Mêdog Co.,Xizang (=Tibet),China

Distribution:Only found in China (Mêdog County in Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:8370177 is the field number.

Calotes mystaceus Duméril and Bibron,1837

Chinese name:白唇树蜥

English name:Indo-Chinese Forest Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN-RA 2557,and the type locality is Birmans (=Myanmar) (fideSmith,1935).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Calotes paulus (Smith,1935)

Chinese name:异鳞树蜥;Chinese alias:异鳞蜥

English name:Small Forest Lizard

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1946.8.11.28 (designated by Giriet al.,2019:461);the type locality:Khasi Hills,Meghalaya state,Northeast India) (fideGünther,1864).

Distribution:China (Mêdog County in Tibet [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Note:Oriocalotespaulusis the type species of the genusOriocalotesGünther 1864,which was synonymized withCalotesby Giriet al.(2019).

Calotes versicolor (Daudin,1802)

Chinese name:变色树蜥

English name:Eastern Garden Lizard,Oriental Garden Lizard,Indian Garden Lizard,Common Garden Lizard

Type and type locality:Type specimens from MNHN have been lost,leaving this taxon without valid types or a type locality (Wermuth,1967).Type specimen of the earliest synonymCa.tiedemanniis MNHN 2548 from Pondicherry (India),which was suggested as the“terra typica”and type locality ofCalotes versicolor(Smith,1935).

Distribution:China (Yunnan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Hunan [Deng and Ye,1996],Macao [Geet al.,2018],Fujian [Bo Cai’s field collection in 2019,field number CB20191004])

Note:The neotype ofCalotes versicolor(NCBS AT102) was designated by Gowandeet al.(2016) but invalidated by Chaitanyaet al.(2017).

10.10 Genus Acanthosaura Gray in Griffith 1831

Chinese name:棘蜥属

Type species:Agama armataGray in Hardwicke 1827(=Acanthosauraarmata)

Acanthosaura armata (Gray in Hardwicke,1827)

Chinese name:长棘蜥

English name:Armored Pricklenape,Peninsular Horned Tree Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.13.88,1946.8.13.85;the type locality is“Singapore”(fideWoodet al.,2010).

Distribution:China (Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Acanthosaura lepidogaster (Cuvier,1829)

Chinese name:丽棘蜥

English name:Brown Pricklenape

Type and type locality:Syntypes are MNHN-RA 5076 (2011) and 6895 (2010);type locality is Cochinchine (=South Vietnam).

Distribution:China (Jiangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Hainan [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hunan [Deng and Ye,1996])

Acanthosaura liui Liu,Hou,Mo and Rao,2020

Chinese name:刘氏棘蜥

English name:Liu’s Pricklenape

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZL2020001from Jianshui (23°20'24" N,102°44'28" E,1540 m elevation),Yunnan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Jianshui County and Shiping County in Yunnan [Liu and Rao,2020a])

Acanthosaura tongbiguanensis Liu and Rao,2019

Chinese name:铜壁关棘蜥

English name:TongbiguanPricklenape

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZL201804 from Tongbiguan Township (24°36'51.24" N,97°35′1.88" E,1170 m elevation),Yingjiang County,Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Tongbiguan Nature Reserve including Yingjiang County,Longchuan County and Ruili County of Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan [Liu and Rao,2019])

Note:Probably this species occurs in northern Myanmar (Liu and Rao,2019).

10.11 Genus Diploderma Hallowell,1861

Chinese name:攀蜥属

Type species:Diploderma polygonatumHallowell,1861

Note:On the basis of combined mtDNA and nuclear loci analyses,Wanget al.(2019) revised the taxonomyJapaluraandDiplodermaand splitJapalura sensu latointo four genera,resurrectingDiplodermaand placing it into clade O (with its type species beingDi.polygonatumHallowell,1861),(with its type speciesDi.polygonatum polygonatumHallowell,1861.

As suggested by Liuet al.(2020),the Chinese name“攀蜥”refers to the name of the genusDiploderma,showing our respect to Professor Er Mi Zhao’s revision.

Diploderma angustelinea Wang,Ren,Wu,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:细纹攀蜥;Chinese alias:细纹龙蜥

English name:Narrow-striped Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 029703 from Maidilong Village (28°35′38.4″ N,101°13′33.6″ E,2017 m elevation),Muli Tibetan Autonomous County,Liangshan,Sichuan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yalong River Valley of Muli County in Sichuan [Wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma aorun Wang,Jiang,Zheng,Xie,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:敖闰攀蜥;Chinese alias:敖闰龙蜥

English name:Aorun Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 044735,adult male from Dari Village (28°34′49.44″ N,99°10′23.88″ E,2198 m elevation),Deqin County,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Jinsha River valleys from Benzilan to Zongrong Village of Deqin County in Yunnan,and its immediate tributaries like Dingqu River and East Wangxuqu River in Sichuan [Wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma batangense (Li,Deng,Wu and Wang,2001)Chinese name:巴塘攀蜥;Chinese alias:巴塘龙蜥

English name:Ba-Tang Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CWNU Ba-98012 from Wangjiao (29°17.6′N,99°5.2′E,2400 m elevation),Batang Country,Sichuan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Jinsha River valleys and its immediate tributaries of Markam County in Tibet and Batang County in Sichuan [Bo Cai’s field collection in 2015,field number 201506258 and 201506259);Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma brevicaudum (Manthey,Denzer,Hou and Wang,2012)

Chinese name:短尾攀蜥;Chinese alias:短尾龙蜥

English name:Short-tailed Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is AMNH 19879 from Snow Mt.Village (27°05′ N,100°11′ E,2740 m),19 km north of Lijiang,Northwestern Yunnan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Lijiang in Northwestern Yunnan [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma brevipes (Gressitt,1936)

Chinese name:Short-legged Mountain Lizard,Shortlegged Japalure

English name:短肢攀蜥

Type and type locality:Holotype is CAS 71998 from Bukai (=Wuchie,1200m),near Horisha (=Puli),Central Taiwan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Central Mountain of Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Diploderma chapaense (Bourret,1937)

Chinese name:沙坝攀蜥;Chinese alias:沙坝龙蜥

English name:Chapa Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN (=MHNP) 1948.45 from Chapa,Vietnam (22°20'N,103°55'E).

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Wanget al.,2018c])

Diploderma dymondi (Boulenger,1906)

Chinese name:裸耳攀蜥

English name:Dymond's Japalure,Dymond’s Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1905.5.30.1 from Tongchuan-fu (=Dongchuan County),Yunnan.

Distribution:Only found in China (northern Yunnan,southern Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Diploderma flaviceps (Barbour and Dunn,1919)

Chinese name:草绿攀蜥

English name:Grass-green Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is MCZ R-12469 from shores of Tung (=Dadu) River,Western Szechuan [=Sichuan],China

Distribution:Only found in China (Dadu River valley and its immediate tributaries northwestern Sichuan [Wanget al.,2019])

Diploderma flavilabre Wang,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:黄唇攀蜥;Chinese alias:黄唇龙蜥

English name:Yellow-lipped Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 032693 from Jinsha River Valley at Yebatan,Gaiyu Town of Baiyu County in Sichuan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Jinsha River Valley at Gaiyu Town of Baiyu County in Sichuan [Wanget al.,2020])

Note:Gaiyu is a town of Baiyu County.

Diploderma grahami (Stejneger,1924)

Chinese name:宜宾攀蜥

English name:Graham’s Japalure,Graham's Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is USNM 65500 from Sui-fu (=Yibin),Szechuan (=Sichuan),China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yibin,Sichuan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Diploderma iadinum (Wang,Jiang,Siler and Che,2016)

Chinese name:翡翠攀蜥

English name:Emerald Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 019321 from Lancang Valley (28°22′12.92″N,98° 51′55.03″ E,2062 m elevation) at Ninong,Deqin,northwest Yunnan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (northwestern Yunnan [Wanget al.,2016a;Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma laeviventre (Wang,Jiang,Siler and Che,2016)

Chinese name:滑腹攀蜥;Chinese alias:滑腹龙蜥

English name:Smooth-venter Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 014038 from the location near the Nujiang Bridge in the upper Nujiang Valley at Baxoi (=Basu),Qamdo (=Changdu),eastern Tibet,China (30°6′1.22″ N,97°13′40.33″E,2739 m elevation).

Distribution:Only found in China (upper Nujiang River valleys in Basu County of Tibet [Wanget al.,2016a;Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma luei (Ota,Chen and Shang,1998)

Chinese name:宜兰攀蜥;Chinese aliases:吕氏攀蜥,宜兰龙蜥

English name:Lue’s Japalura,Lue’s Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is NTNUB 2235 from Mt.Taipingshan,Nanao Hsiang,Ilan Pref.,Taiwan (24°31' N,121°30' E,1950-2000 m elevation).

Distribution:Only found in China (Northwestern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Diploderma makii (Ota,1989)

Chinese name:溪头攀蜥;Chinese aliases:牧氏攀蜥,溪头龙蜥

English name:Maki’s Japalura,Maki’s Mountain Lizard,Ota’s Japalure

Type and type locality:Holotype is OMNH (Osaka) R2565 from Chitou,Nantou,Taiwan Province,China,about 1500 m elevation,23°42′ N,120°47′ E.

Distribution:Only found in China (central and southern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Diploderma menghaiense Liu,Hou,Wang,Ananjeva and Rao,2020

Chinese name:勐海攀蜥

English name:Menghai Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ-2019067 from the border with Xiding Zone of Menghai Natural Nature Reserve (21°54′18″N,100°00′18″E,1968 m elevation),Xiding Town,Menghai County,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only known from China (the type territory of Menghai County from Lancangjiang (=Mekong) River basin in Yunnan [Liuet al.,2020]).

Note:Presumably it can be found also in adjacent Laos and Myanmar.It is possible that the record ofDi.cf.yunnanensepopulation from northern Thailand belong to this species (Liuet al.,2020b).

Diploderma micangshanense (Song,1987)

Chinese name:米仓山攀蜥

English name:Micang Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is SIZ 82158 from Qingmuchan Town,Nigqiang County,Shaanxi Province,China,700 m elevation.

Distribution:Only found in China (Sichuan,Gansu,Henan,Shanxi,Shaanxi,Hubei [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma panchi Wang,Zheng,Xie,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:蟠螭攀蜥;Chinese alias:蟠螭龙蜥

English name:Panchi Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 032715 from upper Yalong River Valley near Yajiang Township,Yajiang County,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous,northwest Sichuan Province,China (30°2′29.04″ N,101°0′38.88″ E,2663 m elevation).

Distribution:Only found in China (the upper Yalong River valley of Yajiang County in Sichuan [wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma panlong Wang,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:蟠龙攀蜥;Chinese alias:蟠龙龙蜥

English name:Pan Long Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 040138 from a region near Siyinuo Village,Mianning County,Liangshan District,Sichuan Province,China (28°21′24.84″ N,101°52′50.16″ E,elevation 1430 m).

Distribution:Only found in China (the Yalong River Valley between Jiulong County,Mianning County and Xichang in Sichuan Province [Wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma polygonatum Hallowell,1861

Chinese name:琉球攀蜥

English name:Ryukyu Japalure,Okinawa Tree Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is USNM 12203 from“Amakarima”(=Kerama shima) Island

Distribution:China (northern Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Diploderma qilin Wang,Ren,Che and Siler,2020

Chinese name:麒麟攀蜥;Chinese alias:麒麟龙蜥

English name:Qilin Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 028332 from Jinsha River Valley (27°42′6.12″ N,99°27′22.68″ E,elevation 1982 m) in Balong,Deqin County,northwestern Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (the the upper Jinsha River Valley from the Cangjue Village of Shangri-La County to Benzilan Town of Deqin County inYunnan [Wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma slowinskii (Rao,Vindum,Ma,Fu and Wilkinson 2017)

Chinese name:怒江攀蜥

English name:Nujiang Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 2000R0608 (JBS16231) from small village South of Fugong (County),along Nu River,26°48′44.0″ N,98°53′10.7″ E,ca.1138 m elevation,Nujiang,Yunnan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Nujiang in Yunnan [Raoet al.,2017])

Diploderma splendidum (Barbour and Dunn,1919)

Chinese name:丽纹攀蜥

English name:Splendid Japalure,Green Striped Tree Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is USNM 35522 from the gorge of the Yangtze River near Tchang (=Yichang City),Hupeh (=Hubei),central China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yunnan,Sichuan,Hubei,Chongqing [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma swild Wang,Wu,Jiang,Chen,Miao,Siler,Che,2019

Chinese name:山地攀蜥;Chinese alias:山地龙蜥

English name:Swild Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 034912 from Hongbao Village (27°6′14.4″ N,101°33′28.8″ E,elevation 2318 m),Yanbian County,Panzhihua,Sichuan Province,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Panzhihua in Sichuan [Wanget al.,2019f])

Diploderma swinhonis (Günther,1864)

Chinese name:台湾攀蜥;Chinese alias:斯文豪氏攀蜥

English name:Taiwan Japalure,Swinhoe’s Japalure,Taiwan Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is BMNH 1946.8.14,Type locality is Taiwan,China.Restricted to Tamsui,Taiwan,China.(Stejneger,1907).

Distribution:Only found in China (Lowland of Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

Diploderma szechwanensis (Hu and Zhao,1966)

Chinese name:四川攀蜥

English name:Sichuan Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB 002620 (previously 613047) from Bai Shui Ho (=Baishui River),Pen Hsien (=Pengzhou County),Szechwan (=Sichuan),China.

Distribution:China (Sichuan,Jiangxi,Guizhou,Guangdong,Hunan,Guangxi,Yunnan [Wanget al.,2019e])

Note:Ota (2000) synonymizedJapalura szechwanensisHu and Djao,1966 (=Diploderma szechwanensis),withJ.fasciataMertens,1926 (=Diploderma fasciata).Nevertheless,Ota compared one type specimen ofJ.fasciataandthree type specimens ofJ.szechwanensisby using only colour patterns and nine common quantitative characters.This evidence is not adequate to synonymize the two species.In addition,the biogeographic characteristics of western Sichuan (the type locality ofJ.szechwanensis) and northern Indochina are quite different.Thus,we temporarily recognizeJapalura szechwanensisas a valid species.

Diploderma varcoae (Boulenger,1918)

Chinese name:昆明攀蜥

English name:Chinese Japalure,Kunming Mountain Lizard

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH (NHMUK) 1946.8.11.15,NHMUK 1946.8.14.6;the type locality is Yunnan Fu (=Kunming) and Wu-ting-chou (=Wuding County),Yunnan.

Distribution:Only found in China (Yunnan,Guizhou [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma vela (Wang,Jiang,Pan,Hou,Siler and Che,2015)

Chinese name:帆背攀蜥;Chinese alias:帆背龙蜥

English name:Sail Moutain Lizards,Sail Japalura

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 013801 from Quzika of Markam,eastern Tibet,China (29°5′ N,98°36′ E),at elevation of 2370 m.

Distribution:Only found in China (Mekong River valley from Markam County in Tibet to Deqin County in Yunnan [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma yulongense (Manthey,Denzer,Hou and Wang,2012)

Chinese name:玉龙攀蜥

English name:Yulong Moutain Lizards

Type and type locality:Holotype is ZMB 76395 from Ulukay Village,eastern slopes of the Yulong Snow Mountains,near Lijiang (ca.26°53′ N,100°11′ E,＞ 2500 m elevation),northwestern Yunnan,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Lijiang City and Shangri-la County in northwestern Yunnan [Wanget al.,2019e],Muli County of Sichuan [Suet al.,2021])

Diploderma yunnanense (Anderson,1878)

Chinese name:云南攀蜥

English name:Yunnan Japalure,Yunnan Moutain Lizards

Type and type locality:Types were most probably lostfideDenzeret al.(2019),and the type locality is the neighborhood of Teng-yue-chow (=Tengyue Town),Momein (=Tengchong County) in Yunnan,China.

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Wanget al.,2019e])

Diploderma zhaoermii (Gao and Hou,2002)

Chinese name:汶川攀蜥

English name:Zhaoermi’s Moutain Lizards

Type and type locality:Holotype is CIB 002690 (previously GZF0001) from Mianchi Town (=Miansi Town,31.35°N,103.57°E),Wenchuan County,Sichuan Province,China,elevation 1240 m.

Distribution:Only found in China (Min River valley in Sichuan [Wanget al.,2020])

Diploderma drukdaypo (Wang,Ren,Jiang,Zou,Wu,Che,Siler,2019)

Chinese name:侏攀蜥;Chinese alias:侏龙蜥

English name:Dwarf Mountain Dragon

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 027616 from Chaya County (30.7294°N,97.3808°E,elevation 3310 m),Chamdo,Tibet,China.

Distribution:Only found in China (Chaya County and Karuo District in Tibet [Wanget al.,2019d])

10.12 Genus Pseudocalotes Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:拟树蜥属

Type species:Calotes tympanistra Gray 1831 (=Pseudocalotes tympanistriga)

Pseudocalotes brevipes (Werner,1904)

Chinese name:短肢拟树蜥

English name:Vietnam False Bloodsucker,Short-footed False Bloodsucker

Type and type locality:Lectotype is MNHN-RA 1907.164 (designated by Hallermann,2000);the type locality is onkin,Vietnam,restricted to Man-Son Mountains by Smith (1935).

Distribution:China (Guangxi [Zhaoet al.,1999])Pseudocalotes kakhienensis (Anderson,1879)

Chinese name:蚌西拟树蜥

English name:Kakhyen Hills Spiny Lizard

Type and type locality:Types are not given;the type locality is Ponsee (=Bangxi),Yingjiang County,western Yunnan,China.

Distribution:China (Yunnan [Zhaoet al.,1999])

Pseudocalotes bapoensis (Yang,Su and Li,1979)

Chinese name:巴坡拟树蜥

English name:Bapo Bloodsucker

Type and type locality:Holotype is KIZ 730010 from Bapo,Gongshan County,Yunnan,China,1450 m elevation.

Distribution:Only found in China (Gongshan County in Yunnan [Yang and Rao,2008])

Note:Type locality ofPs.kingdonwardi(Smith,1935) is Adung Valley,on the Burma-Tibetan border,located in North Myanmar,not in Tibet,China.So,the only record ofPs.kingdonwardioccuring in Tibet is an error.

Yang and Rao (2008) treatedJapalura bapoensis(=Ps.bapoensis) as a full species on the basis of morphological data.Based on molecular data,Wanget al.(2019) considered it a member ofPseudocalotesand conservatively treated it as a subspecies ofPs.kingdonwardi,withoutmolecular data ofPs.kingdonwardifrom the type locality.As such,we temporarily keepPs.bapoensisas a full species.A broad spectrum of studies is needed,especially molecular and morphological studies ofPs.kingdonwardifrom the type locality.

Pseudocalotes microlepis (Boulenger,1888)

Chinese name:细鳞拟树蜥

English name:Burmese False Bloodsucker,Small-scaled Forest Agamid

Type and type locality:Syntypes are BMNH 1946.8.11.21,MSNG 28935;the type locality is Pla-pu (1200 m elevation),West of Mt.Muleyit in Tenas serim,Myanmar.

Distribution:China (Yunnan,Hainan,Guizhou [Zhaoet al.,1999],Guangdong,Guangxi [Liet al.,2011])

Appendix 2

The distributional list of invasive lizards in China

4 Family Gekkonidae Gray,1825

Chinese name:壁虎科

4.2 Genus Gekko Laurenti,1768

Chinese name:壁虎属

Gekko (Archipelagekko) monarchus (Schlegel,1836)

Chinese name:脊斑壁虎

English name:Spotted House Gecko

Type and type locality:Holotype is MNHN-RA 2286,and the type locality is Amboine (=Ambon,Indonesia) (fideUtezet al.,2020).

Distribution:Introduced to China (extended to southern Taiwan [Leeet al.,2019])

4.7 Genus Hemidactylus Oken,1817

Chinese name:蜥虎属

Hemidactylus brookii Gray,1845

Chinese name:密疣蜥虎

English name:Brook’s House Gecko,Spotted House Gecko

Type and type locality:Lectotype is BMNH 1947.3.6.47 (formerly BM RR1934.9.1.49 [.21.a],designated by Mahony,2011),and the type locality is Borneo.

Distribution:Introduced to China (Ningbo in Zhejiang,Xiamen in Fujian [Zhaoet al.,1999],Hong Kong [Liu,2000],Macao [Geet al.,2018],Kaohsiung City in Taiwan [You,2018])

11 FamilyIguanidae Oppel,1811

Chinese name:美洲鬣蜥科

Type genus:IguanaLaurenti,1768

11.1 Genus Iguana Laurenti,1768

Chinese name:美洲鬣蜥属

Type species:Iguana tuberculataLaurenti,1768 (fideUtezet al.,2020)

Iguana iguana(Linnaeus,1758)

Chinese name:美洲鬣蜥;Chinese alias:绿鬣蜥

English name:Common Green Iguana

Type and type locality:Syntypes are NRM (NHRM),another in the Gyllenborg collection in Uppsala;the type locality is“Indiis”(fideUtezet al.,2020).

Distribution:Introduced to China (extended to southwestern Taiwan [Leeet al.,2019])

12 FamilyDactyloidae Fitzinger,1843

Chinese name:安乐蜥科

Type genus:DactyloaWagler,1830.

12.1 Genus Norops Wagler,1830

Chinese name:蛇鳞蜥属

Type species:Anolis auratusDaudin 1802 (=Noropsauratus)

Norops sagrei (Cocteau in Duméril and Bibron,1837)

Chinese name:沙氏蛇鳞蜥;Chinese alias:沙氏变色蜥

English name:Cuban brown anole,Brown anole

Type and type locality:Syntypes are MNHN-RA 2430,MNHN-RA 2430A-B,MNHN-RA 6795,MNHN-RA 6795A,MNHN-RA 6797 and MNHN-RA 6797A,MCZ 2171;the type locality is La Habana,La Habana Province,Cuba (restricted by Ruibal,1964)

Distribution:Introduced to China (Taiwan [Hsianget al.,2009])

References of Appendix

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About the front cover:The yellow-bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus) is a venomous species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world except for the Atlantic Ocean.For many years,it was placed in the monotypic genusPelamis,but recent molecular evidence indicates it lies within the genusHydrophis.It has most recently been assessed for The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2009 and listed as Least Concern.This snake was drawn by Timan YANG and Hanwen KANG.

Appendix

Figure S1 Sample sites of the study.

Table S1 Estimates of fixed effects and variance components for growth rate and physiological traits of dataset I,obtained from univariate mixed models.The table gives the mean posterior distribution and its 95% credible interval (CI).

Table S2 Estimates of fixed effects and variance components for growth rate and physiological traits of dataset II,obtained from univariate mixed models.The table gives the mean posterior distribution and its 95% credible interval (CI).

Table S3 Estimates of fixed effects and variance components for growth rate and physiological traits in of dataset I,obtained from bivariate mixed models.Panel A reports the estimates of fixed effects and variance components only with covariates included in the explanatory variables,and panel B reports the variance components after including altitude into the explanatory variables.Panel C reports the variance components after including transect into the explanatory variables.Variation in response and explanatory variables were scaled before analysis to facilitate the interpretation of the estimates.Given the structure of the data,the residual variance and covariance are interpreted as the phenotypic (co)variance within populations.The table gives the mean posterior distribution and its 95% credible interval (CI).

Continued Table S3

Table S4 Estimates of fixed effects and variance components for growth rate and physiological traits in of dataset II,obtained from bivariate mixed models.Panel A reports the estimates of fixed effects and variance components only with covariates included in the explanatory variables,and panel B reports the variance components after including altitude into the explanatory variables.Panel C reports the variance components after including transect into the explanatory variables.Variation in response and explanatory variables were scaled before analysis to facilitate the interpretation of the estimates.Given the structure of the data,the residual variance and covariance are interpreted as the phenotypic (co)variance within populations.The table gives the mean posterior distribution and its 95% credible interval (CI).

Continued Table S4

Appendix

Figure S1 Phylogenetic signal in A:display duration;B:number of display components;and C:average tail lash speed.

Table S1 The frequency of different components which is used as starting and terminating components and the transition probabilities between components for each Phrynocephalus species in China.Referring to Table 2 for the meaning of component abbreviation.

Continued Table S1

Continued Table S1

Table S2 The detailed description of species-typical sequence for each Phrynocephalus species.The components in parentheses of the typical sequences are the repeatable sections,and“/”represents“or”.

Continued Table S2