任务型阅读之还原阅读解析

曲永华

微技法1 把握词汇用法

（1）利用选项中出现在空格前后句中相同的词汇或同义词、近义词来确定选项;

（2）利用代词的指代关系或单复数形式的差异可准确而快速地解题;

（3）利用特殊结构词（如first，second，one...the other...，on the one hand...on the other hand...等）可准确而快速地解题。

微技法2 理清逻辑关系

（1）解释关系：下句是对上句的解释;

（2）顺逆关系：下句对上句不是顺承关系就是逆转关系;

（3）因果关系：前后句是因果关系，常用词汇有because，since，as，常见的表达是the reason is that;

（4）例证关系：某句话是为了证明另一句而举的例子，关键词有for example，such as等。

微技法3 分析设空位置

（1）段首：通常是段落主题句，可根据段落内容推断主题句;

（2）段中：通常是段落间的过渡句，与上下文是并列、转折、因果等关系;

（3）段尾：通常是总结性、概括性的语句，与上文是转折、对比、并列或排比关系，或者是所选答案能引出下一段内容等。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结性的关键词。

例 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入1～5小题的正确答案。

You’ve been learning words since you were a tiny baby. At first， you learned them only by hearing other people talk. Now that you’re a reader， you have another way to learn words. What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don’t know what it means？ （1） __________.

Say it

First sound it out. Then say it to yourself. （2）_________. Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don’t know what it looks like in print. So if you match up what you know and what you read—you have the word！

Use context

If this doesn’t work， take the next step： look at the context — the other words and sentences around it. Read this sentence： When it rained， the dog looked for shelter in the doorway. （3）_______. Rain and in the doorway might give you helpful information.

（4）

If the context doesn’t help， look at the parts of the word. Does it have any parts you know？ These can help you understand what it means. If you don’t know the meaning of miner， try looking at parts of the word. You might know that a mine is a place underground where people get coal and other valuable things. A lot of times， -er at the end of a word means “a person who does something”. So a miner might be someone who works in a mine.

Look it up

If the three steps above don’t work， you can look it up. （5）_______ — either a book or online.

Nobody knows the meaning of every word， but good readers know how to understand words they don’t know.

A. Use word parts

B. Look at the words

C. It might sound like a word you know

D. You can find the word in a dictionary

E. Following some easy steps can help you

F. If the word shelter doesn’t look familiar， look at the words around it

答案解析：

1. E. 第一段是總述，下面几个小标题是对它的解释，此处应选E，表示“遵循一些简单的步骤可以帮助你”。

2. C. 根据前后句的句意“先听清楚，那就自言自语吧”以及“有时候你头脑中知道一个单词，但你不知道打印出来的是什么样子”，中间应该选C，意为“听起来像个你知道的词”。

3. F. 根据前句的shelter，此处与F选项相关，意为“如果shelter这个词看起来不熟悉，看看它周围的词”。故选F。

4. A. 根据后面的“If the context doesn’t help， look at the parts of the word. Does it have any parts you know？”可知与“part”有关。故选A。

5. D. 根据前面的“If the three steps above don’t work， you can look it up.”可知与“查字典”有关。故选D。